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Chapter 34 Homework Questions
Name:________________
1. What is DNA used for by each cell?
2. Differentiate between structural and functional proteins.
3. In what two forms can DNA exist? When is each form present?
4. Describe the principle of independent assortment. What is the result of independent
assortment?
5. Describe crossing over.
6. Describe albinism in relation to dominance, recessiveness, and genotype.
7. Explain the relationship between a genotype and phenotype.
8. Differentiate between monogenic and polygenic traits.
9. Define codominance and give an example of a condition that demonstrates codominance.
10. What is the difference between sickle-cell anemia and sickle-cell trait?
11. Explain the relationship between sickle-cell trait and malaria.
12. If a certain trait is identified as X-linked recessive, describe the genotype of a female
expressing the given trait.
13. Why are most sex-linked traits X-linked traits and not Y-linked traits?
14. How may mutations occur?
15. How can mutations be beneficial to a species?
16. Why don’t harmful mutations spread widely through populations very easily?
17. How can harmful mutations persist in populations?
18. What is a single-gene disease?
19. What is meant by genetic predisposition?
20. What causes monosomy and trisomy? Why are they referred to as chromosomal genetic
diseases.
21. How does inheritance of mitochondrial DNA occur? Why?
22. What types of disorders are inherited through mitochondrial inheritance?
23. Provide the basic causes and characteristics of the following disorders?
cystic fibrosis:
phenylketonuria:
Tay-Sachs disease:
osteogenesis imperfecta:
multiple neurofibromatosis:
Down syndrome:
Klinefelter syndrome:
Turner syndrome:
24. What are oncogenes?
25. Describe some of the tools used by genetic counselors and what information they can provide.
26. What is the purpose of amniocentesis? Chorionic villus sampling?
27. What is the goal of gene replacement? How are the “therapeutic” genes carried to the cells
that need them?
28. What does gene augmentation attempt to do?
29. When is a disorder classified as congenital?
30. Explain why the structure of the X and Y chromosomes would predict a greater occurrence of
sex-linked disorders in males.