* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download organic compounds outline
Community fingerprinting wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Protein (nutrient) wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Gene regulatory network wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Protein moonlighting wikipedia , lookup
Protein adsorption wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression wikipedia , lookup
Cell-penetrating peptide wikipedia , lookup
Silencer (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Endogenous retrovirus wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Two-hybrid screening wikipedia , lookup
Protein structure prediction wikipedia , lookup
Expanded genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Proteolysis wikipedia , lookup
Molecular evolution wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Organic Compound Overview Anatomy and Physiology I. Organic Compounds Generally contain the elements __________, ________, & ________ Four Main Groups: 1) 2) 3) 4) _____________________ - Basic Building Blocks ________________ ____________ - Reactions that build the organic compounds from basic units 1. Removes Water 2. polymerization 3. Anabolic, assimilation, needs energy __________________ - Reactions that break down 1. Splits Water 2. Catabolic, digestion, releases energy II. _____________________ Function: _____________-term and ___________-term energy storage Structure/cell communication Chemical Nature Contains the elements _______, _______, & ________ _________:________:_________ ratio (approx) Monomer is _________________ or simple sugar examples: _______________________ - complex sugars ______________ - long chains of glucose to store energy in between meals in animals 1. stored in muscle and liver _______________ - long chains of glucose in plants _______________ - main component of cell walls in plants 1. _______________ 2. indigestible but needed to help “sweep” the colon III. ___________________________ - Fats; Triglycerides Function _____________ - term energy storage 1. unused glycogen converted to this ____________ - a special group of lipids that occur in rings, rather than long hydrocarbon chains 1. _______________ - necessary but excess can clog arteries 2. ____________ & _______________ - sex hormones Chemical Nature Still contain the elements _________, _______ & _________ but the amount of _________ is a lot less than ________ and ________ Monomer - ____________ + 3 ___________ ____________ __________ ______________ fats – no double bonds in hydrocarbon chain Linked to vascular disease Animal fats, usually solid at room temperature __________________ fats – double bonds between some carbons in chains Healthier Vegetable oils, usually liquid at room temperature IV. ___________________ Function – most varied in biological systems Structural 1. __________ & ___________ make up majority of muscle tissue _________________ - biological catalysts 1. regulates metabolism 2. needed for reactions to happen quickly enough 3. ________________ intolerant – missing enzyme to digest milk sugars Chemical Nature Contains elements _____, _______, _______, & _______. 1. sometimes Sulfur Monomer - _______________ _______________ ___________ different kinds _______________ ______________ ___________ those that are body can’t make; must take them in through diet Held together by ___________ bonds __________________ – long chains of Amino Acids ______________ determines ______________ _______________ - the change of shape due to excessive conditions 1. __________________ 2. __________________ 3. __________________ V. _______________________ - Genetic Material Function: Stores and Transmits Genetic Information Energy Currency Chemical Nature Contains the elements ______, ______, ______, _____, & ______ Monomer is the __________ _________ Carbon Sugar 1. ___________________ in DNA 2. __________ in RNA _______________ group – holds nucleotides together Nitrogenous Base 1. Four Kinds: _________________, _________________, ________________, _______________ 2. Order determines genetic information From Gene to Protein From Gene to Protein: ____________________ – a segment of DNA that codes for the production of a specific protein Controls cell activities by what proteins (enzymes) they code for Order of bases determine what amino acids sequence is used in protein function of individual proteins _____________________ – copying the DNA gene to a strand of mRNA ____________________ – ribosomes assemble amino acids into the correct sequence Knows the sequence by the mRNA code Problems – __________________ Def: changes in the DNA sequence Change DNA sequence change order of amino acids in protein change shape of protein destroy function ___________________ _______________ ________________ point mutation Changes hemoglobin molecules; one amino acid is different in polypeptide; inaffective at carrying oxygen ________________ mutations – changes entire amino acid sequence after mutation ___________________ – mutations in genes that control cell cycle _______________ genes – turned on to make cells divide too quickly ________________ ______________ genes – turned off to make cells divide too quickly _______________ – mass of nonfunctional cells that starve surrounding good cells