Download organic compounds outline

Organic Compound Overview
Anatomy and Physiology
I.
Organic Compounds

Generally contain the elements __________, ________, & ________

Four Main Groups:
 1)
 2)
 3)
 4)

_____________________ - Basic Building Blocks
 ________________ ____________ - Reactions that build the
organic compounds from basic units
1. Removes Water
2. polymerization
3. Anabolic, assimilation, needs energy
 __________________ - Reactions that break down
1. Splits Water
2. Catabolic, digestion, releases energy
II.
_____________________

Function:
 _____________-term and ___________-term energy storage
 Structure/cell communication

Chemical Nature
 Contains the elements _______, _______, & ________
 _________:________:_________ ratio (approx)

Monomer is _________________ or simple sugar
 examples:

_______________________ - complex sugars
 ______________ - long chains of glucose to store energy in
between meals in animals
1. stored in muscle and liver
 _______________ - long chains of glucose in plants
 _______________ - main component of cell walls in plants
1. _______________
2. indigestible but needed to help “sweep” the colon
III.
___________________________ - Fats; Triglycerides

Function
 _____________ - term energy storage
1. unused glycogen converted to this
 ____________ - a special group of lipids that occur in rings,
rather than long hydrocarbon chains
1. _______________ - necessary but excess can clog arteries
2. ____________ & _______________ - sex hormones

Chemical Nature
 Still contain the elements _________, _______ & _________ but
the amount of _________ is a lot less than ________ and
________

Monomer - ____________ + 3 ___________ ____________ __________

______________ fats – no double bonds in hydrocarbon chain
 Linked to vascular disease
 Animal fats, usually solid at room temperature

__________________ fats – double bonds between some carbons in
chains
 Healthier
 Vegetable oils, usually liquid at room temperature
IV.
___________________

Function – most varied in biological systems
 Structural
1. __________ & ___________ make up majority of muscle
tissue
 _________________ - biological catalysts
1. regulates metabolism
2. needed for reactions to happen quickly enough
3. ________________ intolerant – missing enzyme to digest
milk sugars

Chemical Nature
 Contains elements _____, _______, _______, & _______.
1. sometimes Sulfur

Monomer - _______________ _______________
 ___________ different kinds
 _______________ ______________ ___________ those that are
body can’t make; must take them in through diet
 Held together by ___________ bonds

__________________ – long chains of Amino Acids
 ______________ determines ______________
 _______________ - the change of shape due to excessive
conditions
1. __________________
2. __________________
3. __________________
V.
_______________________ - Genetic Material

Function:
 Stores and Transmits Genetic Information
 Energy Currency

Chemical Nature
 Contains the elements ______, ______, ______, _____, &
______

Monomer is the __________
 _________ Carbon Sugar
1. ___________________ in DNA
2.
__________ in RNA
 _______________ group – holds nucleotides together
 Nitrogenous Base
1. Four Kinds: _________________, _________________,
________________, _______________
2. Order determines genetic information
From Gene to Protein
 From Gene to Protein:
 ____________________ – a segment of DNA that codes for the
production of a specific protein
 Controls cell activities by what proteins (enzymes) they
code for
 Order of bases determine what amino acids sequence is
used in protein  function of individual proteins
 _____________________ – copying the DNA gene to a strand of
mRNA
 ____________________ – ribosomes assemble amino acids into
the correct sequence
 Knows the sequence by the mRNA code
 Problems – __________________
 Def: changes in the DNA sequence
 Change DNA sequence  change order of amino acids in
protein  change shape of protein  destroy function
 ___________________ _______________
________________
 point mutation
 Changes hemoglobin molecules; one amino acid is
different in polypeptide; inaffective at carrying
oxygen
 ________________ mutations – changes entire amino acid
sequence after mutation
 ___________________ – mutations in genes that control
cell cycle
 _______________ genes – turned on to make cells
divide too quickly
 ________________ ______________ genes –
turned off to make cells divide too quickly
 _______________ – mass of nonfunctional cells
that starve surrounding good cells