Our system for annotation of articles is named “Text
... system will benefit of a improvement in this point. Nevertheless, we think that in many cases the system identified correctly the presence of a gene/protein mention in the text, but it was not scored correctly since it included (or lacked) one extra word. Some examples follow: 14756 […] cdc42, a con ...
... system will benefit of a improvement in this point. Nevertheless, we think that in many cases the system identified correctly the presence of a gene/protein mention in the text, but it was not scored correctly since it included (or lacked) one extra word. Some examples follow: 14756 […] cdc42, a con ...
RNA-Seq analysis
... RNA-Seq technology -Aims: Catalogue all species of transcript including: mRNAs, non-coding RNAs and small RNAs Determine the transcriptional structure of genes in terms of: Start sites 5′ and 3′ ends Splicing patterns Other post-transcriptional modifications Quantification of expressi ...
... RNA-Seq technology -Aims: Catalogue all species of transcript including: mRNAs, non-coding RNAs and small RNAs Determine the transcriptional structure of genes in terms of: Start sites 5′ and 3′ ends Splicing patterns Other post-transcriptional modifications Quantification of expressi ...
Metabolism of Macromolecules in Bacteria Treated
... protein-not nucleic acid-formation in intact cells. Nevertheless, when tested in vitro on amino acid incorporation directed by synthetic polynucleotides, streptogramin A and chloramphenicol show different patterns of inhibition. On the other hand, streptogramin B (which resembles virginiamycin S) re ...
... protein-not nucleic acid-formation in intact cells. Nevertheless, when tested in vitro on amino acid incorporation directed by synthetic polynucleotides, streptogramin A and chloramphenicol show different patterns of inhibition. On the other hand, streptogramin B (which resembles virginiamycin S) re ...
video slide - Geneva High School
... • These modifications share several functions: – They seem to facilitate the export of mRNA – They protect mRNA from hydrolytic enzymes – They help ribosomes attach to the 5 end Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... • These modifications share several functions: – They seem to facilitate the export of mRNA – They protect mRNA from hydrolytic enzymes – They help ribosomes attach to the 5 end Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Diplosporous development in Boehmeria tricuspis: Insights
... Boehmeria tricuspis includes sexually reproducing diploid and apomictic triploid individuals. Previously, we established that triploid B. tricuspis reproduces through obligate diplospory. To understand the molecular basis of apomictic development in B. tricuspis, we sequenced and compared transcript ...
... Boehmeria tricuspis includes sexually reproducing diploid and apomictic triploid individuals. Previously, we established that triploid B. tricuspis reproduces through obligate diplospory. To understand the molecular basis of apomictic development in B. tricuspis, we sequenced and compared transcript ...
Plant Physiology
... developmental gradient of infection is present over a period of months following initial infection by Frankia. Since Dg93 transcripts also accumulated in tissues of mature nodules, the term “early nodulin” does not entirely accurately describe this gene. Computerized secondary protein structure anal ...
... developmental gradient of infection is present over a period of months following initial infection by Frankia. Since Dg93 transcripts also accumulated in tissues of mature nodules, the term “early nodulin” does not entirely accurately describe this gene. Computerized secondary protein structure anal ...
Transcription
... which is the subject of the next chapter. This requires an intermediary as the double helix cannot and does not directly interact with ribosomes. Indeed, in eukaryotic organisms, DNA is sequestered in the nucleus of the cell whereas protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm. As we have already ...
... which is the subject of the next chapter. This requires an intermediary as the double helix cannot and does not directly interact with ribosomes. Indeed, in eukaryotic organisms, DNA is sequestered in the nucleus of the cell whereas protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm. As we have already ...
Bacterial Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
... This was investigated further by Tissi&res,Schlessinger & Gros (1960) who showed that the newly synthesized polypeptides were principally associated with the 70 S region even when reduction of Mg2+concentration had caused the dissociation of the majority of the 7 0 s ribosomes to 50 S +30S particles ...
... This was investigated further by Tissi&res,Schlessinger & Gros (1960) who showed that the newly synthesized polypeptides were principally associated with the 70 S region even when reduction of Mg2+concentration had caused the dissociation of the majority of the 7 0 s ribosomes to 50 S +30S particles ...
Bacterial Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
... This was investigated further by Tissi&res,Schlessinger & Gros (1960) who showed that the newly synthesized polypeptides were principally associated with the 70 S region even when reduction of Mg2+concentration had caused the dissociation of the majority of the 7 0 s ribosomes to 50 S +30S particles ...
... This was investigated further by Tissi&res,Schlessinger & Gros (1960) who showed that the newly synthesized polypeptides were principally associated with the 70 S region even when reduction of Mg2+concentration had caused the dissociation of the majority of the 7 0 s ribosomes to 50 S +30S particles ...
PowerCut™ Dicer
... that is needed to completely cleave 1 µg of 192 bp doublestranded RNA substrate to siRNA in 16 hours at 37°C. Exonuclease contamination assay: Incubation of 1 U of PowerCut Dicer (4 h, 37°C, 50 μl) with 1 μg of sonicated [3H]-DNA (3x105 cpm/μg) in the assay buffer released <0.5 % of radioactivity. E ...
... that is needed to completely cleave 1 µg of 192 bp doublestranded RNA substrate to siRNA in 16 hours at 37°C. Exonuclease contamination assay: Incubation of 1 U of PowerCut Dicer (4 h, 37°C, 50 μl) with 1 μg of sonicated [3H]-DNA (3x105 cpm/μg) in the assay buffer released <0.5 % of radioactivity. E ...
module 3: transcription part ii
... "position/search" textbox and then click on the "jump" button. In Module 2, we identified the transcription start site (TSS) of the A isoform of tra at position 9,851. To show the TSS's that have been annotated by the modENCODE project, scroll down to the "Genes and Gene Prediction Tracks" and chang ...
... "position/search" textbox and then click on the "jump" button. In Module 2, we identified the transcription start site (TSS) of the A isoform of tra at position 9,851. To show the TSS's that have been annotated by the modENCODE project, scroll down to the "Genes and Gene Prediction Tracks" and chang ...
Gene Regulation Notes
... • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small singlestranded RNA molecules that can bind to mRNA • These miRNAs can degrade mRNA or block its ...
... • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small singlestranded RNA molecules that can bind to mRNA • These miRNAs can degrade mRNA or block its ...
Figure 2 - GEP Community Server
... "position/search" textbox and then click on the "jump" button. In Module 2, we identified the transcription start site (TSS) of the A isoform of tra at position 9,851. To show the TSS's that have been annotated by the modENCODE project, scroll down to the "Genes and Gene Prediction Tracks" and chang ...
... "position/search" textbox and then click on the "jump" button. In Module 2, we identified the transcription start site (TSS) of the A isoform of tra at position 9,851. To show the TSS's that have been annotated by the modENCODE project, scroll down to the "Genes and Gene Prediction Tracks" and chang ...
Karyotype, ploidy, and gene dosage
... The general meiotic mutant him-6 was explicitly tested for the production of nullisomic and disomic gametes for each chromosome in turn (Haack and Hodgkin, 1991). The results showed that all of these possible abnormal gamete types were being generated, at roughly equal frequencies. These experiments ...
... The general meiotic mutant him-6 was explicitly tested for the production of nullisomic and disomic gametes for each chromosome in turn (Haack and Hodgkin, 1991). The results showed that all of these possible abnormal gamete types were being generated, at roughly equal frequencies. These experiments ...
video slide
... Concept 17.2: Transcription is the DNA-directed synthesis of RNA: a closer look • Transcription, the first stage of gene expression, can be examined in more detail • RNA synthesis is catalyzed by RNA polymerase, which pries the DNA strands apart and hooks together the RNA nucleotides • RNA synthesi ...
... Concept 17.2: Transcription is the DNA-directed synthesis of RNA: a closer look • Transcription, the first stage of gene expression, can be examined in more detail • RNA synthesis is catalyzed by RNA polymerase, which pries the DNA strands apart and hooks together the RNA nucleotides • RNA synthesi ...
origins debate intro
... might have been the original life molecule. Unlike DNA, whose structure is constrained by a doublehelix, RNA is singled-stranded and can fold in a variety of sequence-specific structures (see Figure 1). This structural variety is essential for the ability of a molecule to carry out a range of chemic ...
... might have been the original life molecule. Unlike DNA, whose structure is constrained by a doublehelix, RNA is singled-stranded and can fold in a variety of sequence-specific structures (see Figure 1). This structural variety is essential for the ability of a molecule to carry out a range of chemic ...
Regents Biology How does mRNA code for
... tRNA is positioned on the ribosomal surface Must be accurate or the reading frame will be inaccurate This complex then binds to mRNA at the beginning of the gene 2 ribosomal subunits recognize the 5’ cap ...
... tRNA is positioned on the ribosomal surface Must be accurate or the reading frame will be inaccurate This complex then binds to mRNA at the beginning of the gene 2 ribosomal subunits recognize the 5’ cap ...
The Zn Finger protein Iguana impacts Hedgehog signaling by
... planarian S. mediterranea is an emerging model system for studies of metazoan gene function in regeneration and tissue turnover (Reddien and Sánchez Alvarado, 2004). The essentially complete planarian genome sequence combined with the ability to perform RNAi screens has opened the door to molecular ...
... planarian S. mediterranea is an emerging model system for studies of metazoan gene function in regeneration and tissue turnover (Reddien and Sánchez Alvarado, 2004). The essentially complete planarian genome sequence combined with the ability to perform RNAi screens has opened the door to molecular ...
Chance and Necessity in the Selection of Nucleic Acid Catalysts
... fraction of sequence space being sampled is extremely small (the number of possible 220-mers is 4220, or ≈10132, compared to typical pool complexities of ≈1015 different sequences), and thus ribozymes isolated directly from these pools are unlikely to be optimal sequences. By allowing the pool to ev ...
... fraction of sequence space being sampled is extremely small (the number of possible 220-mers is 4220, or ≈10132, compared to typical pool complexities of ≈1015 different sequences), and thus ribozymes isolated directly from these pools are unlikely to be optimal sequences. By allowing the pool to ev ...
Transcription in Eukaryotes
... Transcription and translation are uncoupled in eukaryotes • Transcription takes place in the nucleus and translation takes place in the cytoplasm. • The whole process may take hours, or in some cases, months for developmentally regulated genes. • Gene expression can be controlled at many different ...
... Transcription and translation are uncoupled in eukaryotes • Transcription takes place in the nucleus and translation takes place in the cytoplasm. • The whole process may take hours, or in some cases, months for developmentally regulated genes. • Gene expression can be controlled at many different ...
(CH11) Transcription In Eukaryotes (Slides)
... Transcription and translation are uncoupled in eukaryotes • Transcription takes place in the nucleus and translation takes place in the cytoplasm. • The whole process may take hours, or in some cases, months for developmentally regulated genes. • Gene expression can be controlled at many different ...
... Transcription and translation are uncoupled in eukaryotes • Transcription takes place in the nucleus and translation takes place in the cytoplasm. • The whole process may take hours, or in some cases, months for developmentally regulated genes. • Gene expression can be controlled at many different ...
transcription factor
... Transcription and translation are uncoupled in eukaryotes • Transcription takes place in the nucleus and translation takes place in the cytoplasm. • The whole process may take hours, or in some cases, months for developmentally regulated genes. • Gene expression can be controlled at many different ...
... Transcription and translation are uncoupled in eukaryotes • Transcription takes place in the nucleus and translation takes place in the cytoplasm. • The whole process may take hours, or in some cases, months for developmentally regulated genes. • Gene expression can be controlled at many different ...
lecture 21
... Given the diversity of mutational types produced by mobile elements and their large contribution to the total mutation pool some insertions will be advantageous (due to changes in coding or regulatory sequences) Also plenty of examples (mostly in bacteria) of antibiotic (or other resistance) conferr ...
... Given the diversity of mutational types produced by mobile elements and their large contribution to the total mutation pool some insertions will be advantageous (due to changes in coding or regulatory sequences) Also plenty of examples (mostly in bacteria) of antibiotic (or other resistance) conferr ...
Assay Standards Working Group Recommendations, November 2012
... In order to ensure that the data are reproducible, experiments should be performed with two or more biological replicates, unless there is a compelling reason indicating that this is impractical or wasteful (e.g. overlapping time points with high temporal resolution). A biological replicate is defin ...
... In order to ensure that the data are reproducible, experiments should be performed with two or more biological replicates, unless there is a compelling reason indicating that this is impractical or wasteful (e.g. overlapping time points with high temporal resolution). A biological replicate is defin ...
translation - Haloarchaea
... Termination codons are recognised by ‘release factor’ proteins (RF1/RF2, RF3). RF1 or RF2 bind to stop codons in the A site of ribosomes, and activate the ribosome to hydrolyse the adjacent peptidyl tRNA (in the P site), to release the protein. RF3 releases the RF1 or RF2. Finally, RRF (ribosome rec ...
... Termination codons are recognised by ‘release factor’ proteins (RF1/RF2, RF3). RF1 or RF2 bind to stop codons in the A site of ribosomes, and activate the ribosome to hydrolyse the adjacent peptidyl tRNA (in the P site), to release the protein. RF3 releases the RF1 or RF2. Finally, RRF (ribosome rec ...
RNA interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. Historically, it was known by other names, including co-suppression, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and quelling. Only after these apparently unrelated processes were fully understood did it become clear that they all described the RNAi phenomenon. Andrew Fire and Craig C. Mello shared the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on RNA interference in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which they published in 1998.Two types of small ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules – microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) – are central to RNA interference. RNAs are the direct products of genes, and these small RNAs can bind to other specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules and either increase or decrease their activity, for example by preventing an mRNA from producing a protein. RNA interference has an important role in defending cells against parasitic nucleotide sequences – viruses and transposons. It also influences development.The RNAi pathway is found in many eukaryotes, including animals, and is initiated by the enzyme Dicer, which cleaves long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules into short double-stranded fragments of ~20 nucleotide siRNAs. Each siRNA is unwound into two single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs), the passenger strand and the guide strand. The passenger strand is degraded and the guide strand is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The most well-studied outcome is post-transcriptional gene silencing, which occurs when the guide strand pairs with a complementary sequence in a messenger RNA molecule and induces cleavage by Argonaute, the catalytic component of the RISC complex. In some organisms, this process spreads systemically, despite the initially limited molar concentrations of siRNA.RNAi is a valuable research tool, both in cell culture and in living organisms, because synthetic dsRNA introduced into cells can selectively and robustly induce suppression of specific genes of interest. RNAi may be used for large-scale screens that systematically shut down each gene in the cell, which can help to identify the components necessary for a particular cellular process or an event such as cell division. The pathway is also used as a practical tool in biotechnology, medicine and insecticides.