Transcription
... Cis-acting sequences: lying on the same molecule of DNA that is transscribed, near the gene Trans-acting factors : proteins that bind to these DNA sequences and facilitate or prevent binding of DNA polymerase (genes for their synthesis are lying on different chromozomes) Primary transcript - RNA pro ...
... Cis-acting sequences: lying on the same molecule of DNA that is transscribed, near the gene Trans-acting factors : proteins that bind to these DNA sequences and facilitate or prevent binding of DNA polymerase (genes for their synthesis are lying on different chromozomes) Primary transcript - RNA pro ...
What is transcription
... Many prokaryotes contain multiple s factors to recognize different promoters. The most common s factor in E. coli is s70. (differential specificity) Binding of the s factor converts the core RNA pol into the holoenzyme. s factor is critical in promoter recognition, by decreasing the affinity of the ...
... Many prokaryotes contain multiple s factors to recognize different promoters. The most common s factor in E. coli is s70. (differential specificity) Binding of the s factor converts the core RNA pol into the holoenzyme. s factor is critical in promoter recognition, by decreasing the affinity of the ...
Expression of two aldolase A mRNA species in different human and
... RNA, 5pg; (4) rat liver poly (A’) RNA, 5pg; ( 5 ) short exposure of lane (3). The primer was a 80 base-pair fragment Hinfl-Hue111 of the aldolase A cDNA, labelled with [a-”P]dATP by filling the 3’ recessed end at the Hinfl site. ...
... RNA, 5pg; (4) rat liver poly (A’) RNA, 5pg; ( 5 ) short exposure of lane (3). The primer was a 80 base-pair fragment Hinfl-Hue111 of the aldolase A cDNA, labelled with [a-”P]dATP by filling the 3’ recessed end at the Hinfl site. ...
Identification of Genes Potentially Regulated by Human
... Human Polynucleotide Phosphorylase (hPNPaseold-35 or PNPT1) is an evolutionarily conserved 39R59 exoribonuclease implicated in the regulation of numerous physiological processes including maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis, mtRNA import and aging-associated inflammation. From an RNase perspect ...
... Human Polynucleotide Phosphorylase (hPNPaseold-35 or PNPT1) is an evolutionarily conserved 39R59 exoribonuclease implicated in the regulation of numerous physiological processes including maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis, mtRNA import and aging-associated inflammation. From an RNase perspect ...
Expression analysis of a chicory fructan 1‐exohydrolase gene
... the HE-TAIL-PCR product, two gene-speci®c primers ±1149 HindIII-for (5¢-GTAAGCTTCGCAGACCTCTATCCATATATTAGTTC-3¢) and ATGKpnI-rev (5¢-AAAGGTACCTCTTCATGATGAGTGTGTGTGTTTGG-3¢) were synthesized to amplify a 1149 bp promoter fragment using a proofreading Pfu DNA polymerase (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) and ...
... the HE-TAIL-PCR product, two gene-speci®c primers ±1149 HindIII-for (5¢-GTAAGCTTCGCAGACCTCTATCCATATATTAGTTC-3¢) and ATGKpnI-rev (5¢-AAAGGTACCTCTTCATGATGAGTGTGTGTGTTTGG-3¢) were synthesized to amplify a 1149 bp promoter fragment using a proofreading Pfu DNA polymerase (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) and ...
TbMP42 is a structure-sensitive ribonuclease that likely follows a
... was not cleaved even after 3 h of incubation. Of the six internucleotide bonds that connect the U5 sequence in U5-ds10 only three are cleaved: U12/U13, U13/U14 and U14/U15. The same holds true for the four phosphodiester bonds in the U3 sequence of U3-ds10. Cleavage only occurred at U10/U11, U11/U12 ...
... was not cleaved even after 3 h of incubation. Of the six internucleotide bonds that connect the U5 sequence in U5-ds10 only three are cleaved: U12/U13, U13/U14 and U14/U15. The same holds true for the four phosphodiester bonds in the U3 sequence of U3-ds10. Cleavage only occurred at U10/U11, U11/U12 ...
PDF
... composed of epithelial stem cells, which begins to undergo rapid proliferation to restore the lost portion in the fourth instar (Fig. 1B) (Mito et al., 2002; Nakamura et al., 2008b). In the fifth instar, the tibiae, tibial spurs, tarsi and tarsal claws are restored in miniature (Fig. 1B). In the sev ...
... composed of epithelial stem cells, which begins to undergo rapid proliferation to restore the lost portion in the fourth instar (Fig. 1B) (Mito et al., 2002; Nakamura et al., 2008b). In the fifth instar, the tibiae, tibial spurs, tarsi and tarsal claws are restored in miniature (Fig. 1B). In the sev ...
Regulation of leg size and shape by the Dachsous
... composed of epithelial stem cells, which begins to undergo rapid proliferation to restore the lost portion in the fourth instar (Fig. 1B) (Mito et al., 2002; Nakamura et al., 2008b). In the fifth instar, the tibiae, tibial spurs, tarsi and tarsal claws are restored in miniature (Fig. 1B). In the sev ...
... composed of epithelial stem cells, which begins to undergo rapid proliferation to restore the lost portion in the fourth instar (Fig. 1B) (Mito et al., 2002; Nakamura et al., 2008b). In the fifth instar, the tibiae, tibial spurs, tarsi and tarsal claws are restored in miniature (Fig. 1B). In the sev ...
DNA Replication/Transcription/RNA Splicing
... The intranuclear position of many genes has been correlated with their activity state, suggesting that migration to functional subcompartments may influence gene expression. Indeed, nascent RNA production and RNA polymerase II seem to be localized into discrete foci or 'transcription factories'. Cur ...
... The intranuclear position of many genes has been correlated with their activity state, suggesting that migration to functional subcompartments may influence gene expression. Indeed, nascent RNA production and RNA polymerase II seem to be localized into discrete foci or 'transcription factories'. Cur ...
Comparative day/night metatranscriptomic analysis of microbial
... metabolic activities and day/night patterns of differential gene expression. Pyrosequencing produced 75 558 putative mRNA reads from a day transcriptome and 75 946 from a night transcriptome. Taxonomic binning of annotated mRNAs indicated that Cyanobacteria contributed a greater percentage of the tr ...
... metabolic activities and day/night patterns of differential gene expression. Pyrosequencing produced 75 558 putative mRNA reads from a day transcriptome and 75 946 from a night transcriptome. Taxonomic binning of annotated mRNAs indicated that Cyanobacteria contributed a greater percentage of the tr ...
Unzipping Genes - HiMedia Laboratories
... TrioTM Reagent is sufficient to isolate RNA, DNA and Protein from 50-100 mg of tissue, 510X106 cells or 10 cm2 of culture dish surface, for cells grown in monolayer. This advanced procedure is an improvement to the single-step RNA isolation using phenol and guanidine isothiocyanate developed by Chom ...
... TrioTM Reagent is sufficient to isolate RNA, DNA and Protein from 50-100 mg of tissue, 510X106 cells or 10 cm2 of culture dish surface, for cells grown in monolayer. This advanced procedure is an improvement to the single-step RNA isolation using phenol and guanidine isothiocyanate developed by Chom ...
SN1 Question Paper Sum 2007
... (b) Two people who both have achondroplasia would like to have children together, but they are concerned about the risk of their child inheriting two achondroplasia alleles and dying before birth. (i) Name one method that could be used to obtain material suitable for use in a prenatal genetic screen ...
... (b) Two people who both have achondroplasia would like to have children together, but they are concerned about the risk of their child inheriting two achondroplasia alleles and dying before birth. (i) Name one method that could be used to obtain material suitable for use in a prenatal genetic screen ...
video slide - Your School
... “her edd oga tet hec at.” **The reading frame is important as a genetic message that tells the cell’s protein synthesizing machinery the EXACT message. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... “her edd oga tet hec at.” **The reading frame is important as a genetic message that tells the cell’s protein synthesizing machinery the EXACT message. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Expression Profiling of Fixed and Unfixed Tissue - Sigma
... producing a highly representative library from total or pre selected messenger RNA. Sample RNA including those isolated from human blood, cell culture, biopsy, or from non-human samples such as bacteria, plants and animals may serve as template. Accurate expression profiling can be done from nanogra ...
... producing a highly representative library from total or pre selected messenger RNA. Sample RNA including those isolated from human blood, cell culture, biopsy, or from non-human samples such as bacteria, plants and animals may serve as template. Accurate expression profiling can be done from nanogra ...
Differential expression of vasa homologue gene in the germ cells
... tilapia vas expression in germ cells during gonadogenesis and gametogenesis of both sexes (fry 0±100 days after hatching, dah). All genetic females and males were used. To identify primordial germ cells (PGC), we also stained germ cells immunohistochemically with SGSA-1 antibody which stains gonial ...
... tilapia vas expression in germ cells during gonadogenesis and gametogenesis of both sexes (fry 0±100 days after hatching, dah). All genetic females and males were used. To identify primordial germ cells (PGC), we also stained germ cells immunohistochemically with SGSA-1 antibody which stains gonial ...
The sunflower HD-Zip transcription factor HAHB4
... Fig. 1. HAHB4 expression is transcriptionally regulated by dark/light conditions. (A) Northern blot hybridization (total RNAs, 10 lg/line) of transgenic Arabidopsis bearing the LPF:GUS construct maintained in darkness for the indicated periods or re-illuminated after 60 min of darkness. (B) Northern ...
... Fig. 1. HAHB4 expression is transcriptionally regulated by dark/light conditions. (A) Northern blot hybridization (total RNAs, 10 lg/line) of transgenic Arabidopsis bearing the LPF:GUS construct maintained in darkness for the indicated periods or re-illuminated after 60 min of darkness. (B) Northern ...
Classification of Medically Important Viruses
... respiratory tract disease. -at least 40 antigenic types, some of which cause sarcomas in animals but no tumors in humans. ...
... respiratory tract disease. -at least 40 antigenic types, some of which cause sarcomas in animals but no tumors in humans. ...
New techniques in plant biotechnology
... genetically modified organisms”2 a GMO is defined as: “an organism, with the exception of human beings, in which the genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination”. This directive also states “according to this definition: a) genetic ...
... genetically modified organisms”2 a GMO is defined as: “an organism, with the exception of human beings, in which the genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination”. This directive also states “according to this definition: a) genetic ...
RNA-Mediated Programming of Developmental
... homologous zygotic sequence (23, 27). The sequence specificity of this trans-nuclear effect is therefore likely to be achieved by the pairing of homologous nucleic acids. To reconcile these conflicting results, we sought to determine the conditions of maternal transformation that lead to the deletio ...
... homologous zygotic sequence (23, 27). The sequence specificity of this trans-nuclear effect is therefore likely to be achieved by the pairing of homologous nucleic acids. To reconcile these conflicting results, we sought to determine the conditions of maternal transformation that lead to the deletio ...
Down-regulation of acetolactate synthase compromises Ol
... allele in the resistant genotype encodes an isoform of the enzyme with altered kinetic properties compared with the isoform in susceptible genotypes. This altered SHMT enzyme is likely associated with perturbation of the folate pathway resulting in nutritional deficiency for nematodes. Overexpressio ...
... allele in the resistant genotype encodes an isoform of the enzyme with altered kinetic properties compared with the isoform in susceptible genotypes. This altered SHMT enzyme is likely associated with perturbation of the folate pathway resulting in nutritional deficiency for nematodes. Overexpressio ...
Balancing Redox Cofactor Generation and ATP Synthesis: Key
... purified RNA was determined by real-time PCR (see below) using 200 ng of RNA as template together with the 5'-GAPDH primer set. Samples with residual chromosomal DNA were treated again with DNase I. To retain a sufficiently high concentration of RNA after successive rounds of DNase I treatment, the ...
... purified RNA was determined by real-time PCR (see below) using 200 ng of RNA as template together with the 5'-GAPDH primer set. Samples with residual chromosomal DNA were treated again with DNase I. To retain a sufficiently high concentration of RNA after successive rounds of DNase I treatment, the ...
Enzymatic cleavage of RNA by RNA
... While the biochemical purification was proceeding, studies of temperature sensitive mutants of E. coli made by Schedl and Primakoff (1973; Schedl et al., 1974), Shimura, Ozeki and their coworkers (Ozeki et al., 1974; Sakano et al., 1974) showed that RNase P is essential in E. coli for the biosynthes ...
... While the biochemical purification was proceeding, studies of temperature sensitive mutants of E. coli made by Schedl and Primakoff (1973; Schedl et al., 1974), Shimura, Ozeki and their coworkers (Ozeki et al., 1974; Sakano et al., 1974) showed that RNase P is essential in E. coli for the biosynthes ...
File
... sequence of the DNA by nucleotide position. Letters for each base are stacked on top of each other according to their relative frequency at that position among the aligned sequences, with the most common base as the largest letter at the top of the stack. The height of each letter represents the rel ...
... sequence of the DNA by nucleotide position. Letters for each base are stacked on top of each other according to their relative frequency at that position among the aligned sequences, with the most common base as the largest letter at the top of the stack. The height of each letter represents the rel ...
Brooker Genetics 5e Sample Chapter 16
... in 1941. The prefix epi- means “over.” In the past few decades, researchers have used this term to describe certain types of variation in gene expression that are not based on variation in DNA sequences. How do geneticists distinguish epigenetic events from other types of gene regulation, such as th ...
... in 1941. The prefix epi- means “over.” In the past few decades, researchers have used this term to describe certain types of variation in gene expression that are not based on variation in DNA sequences. How do geneticists distinguish epigenetic events from other types of gene regulation, such as th ...
CHAPTER 6
... RNA: Typically single stranded: Produced during transcription • mRNA: Carries information encoded in genes to direct protein synthesis on ribosomes – Derive from heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) – RNA processed by splicing (removal of introns and joining of exons), capping (5’ end), and polyA tail ...
... RNA: Typically single stranded: Produced during transcription • mRNA: Carries information encoded in genes to direct protein synthesis on ribosomes – Derive from heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) – RNA processed by splicing (removal of introns and joining of exons), capping (5’ end), and polyA tail ...
RNA interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. Historically, it was known by other names, including co-suppression, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and quelling. Only after these apparently unrelated processes were fully understood did it become clear that they all described the RNAi phenomenon. Andrew Fire and Craig C. Mello shared the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on RNA interference in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which they published in 1998.Two types of small ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules – microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) – are central to RNA interference. RNAs are the direct products of genes, and these small RNAs can bind to other specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules and either increase or decrease their activity, for example by preventing an mRNA from producing a protein. RNA interference has an important role in defending cells against parasitic nucleotide sequences – viruses and transposons. It also influences development.The RNAi pathway is found in many eukaryotes, including animals, and is initiated by the enzyme Dicer, which cleaves long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules into short double-stranded fragments of ~20 nucleotide siRNAs. Each siRNA is unwound into two single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs), the passenger strand and the guide strand. The passenger strand is degraded and the guide strand is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The most well-studied outcome is post-transcriptional gene silencing, which occurs when the guide strand pairs with a complementary sequence in a messenger RNA molecule and induces cleavage by Argonaute, the catalytic component of the RISC complex. In some organisms, this process spreads systemically, despite the initially limited molar concentrations of siRNA.RNAi is a valuable research tool, both in cell culture and in living organisms, because synthetic dsRNA introduced into cells can selectively and robustly induce suppression of specific genes of interest. RNAi may be used for large-scale screens that systematically shut down each gene in the cell, which can help to identify the components necessary for a particular cellular process or an event such as cell division. The pathway is also used as a practical tool in biotechnology, medicine and insecticides.