Supporting Information Legends Supporting Figure 1. Amino acid
... half of the AGO2 genes is indicated. The black horizontal lines above or below the AGO2 diagrams correspond to the regions amplified by genomic PCR. The location of the AGO2 5th intron probe is indicated with double lines. PstI restriction sites are indicated as P. (B) Genomic PCR of the indicated s ...
... half of the AGO2 genes is indicated. The black horizontal lines above or below the AGO2 diagrams correspond to the regions amplified by genomic PCR. The location of the AGO2 5th intron probe is indicated with double lines. PstI restriction sites are indicated as P. (B) Genomic PCR of the indicated s ...
Foundations of Biology - Geoscience Research Institute
... cells all the time. These continually expressed genes are called constitutive genes. Other genes are only needed by certain cells or at specific times. The expression of these inducible genes is tightly controlled. For example, pancreas beta cells make the protein insulin by expressing the insul ...
... cells all the time. These continually expressed genes are called constitutive genes. Other genes are only needed by certain cells or at specific times. The expression of these inducible genes is tightly controlled. For example, pancreas beta cells make the protein insulin by expressing the insul ...
(protein) 1. - St John Brebeuf
... •First the mRNA attaches itself to a ribosome (to the small subunit). •Six bases of the mRNA are exposed. •A complementary tRNA molecule with its attached amino acid (methionine) base pairs via its anticodon UAC with the AUG on the mRNA in the first position P. •Another tRNA base pairs with the othe ...
... •First the mRNA attaches itself to a ribosome (to the small subunit). •Six bases of the mRNA are exposed. •A complementary tRNA molecule with its attached amino acid (methionine) base pairs via its anticodon UAC with the AUG on the mRNA in the first position P. •Another tRNA base pairs with the othe ...
Protein synthesis - World of Teaching
... •First the mRNA attaches itself to a ribosome (to the small subunit). •Six bases of the mRNA are exposed. •A complementary tRNA molecule with its attached amino acid (methionine) base pairs via its anticodon UAC with the AUG on the mRNA in the first position P. •Another tRNA base pairs with the othe ...
... •First the mRNA attaches itself to a ribosome (to the small subunit). •Six bases of the mRNA are exposed. •A complementary tRNA molecule with its attached amino acid (methionine) base pairs via its anticodon UAC with the AUG on the mRNA in the first position P. •Another tRNA base pairs with the othe ...
File
... The “anticodon” is the 3 RNA bases that matches the 3 bases of the codon on the mRNA molecule Two-dimensional structure. The four base-paired regions and (a) three loops are characteristic of all tRNAs, as is the base sequence of the amino acid attachment site at the 3 end. The anticodon triplet is ...
... The “anticodon” is the 3 RNA bases that matches the 3 bases of the codon on the mRNA molecule Two-dimensional structure. The four base-paired regions and (a) three loops are characteristic of all tRNAs, as is the base sequence of the amino acid attachment site at the 3 end. The anticodon triplet is ...
traduccion_1
... •First the mRNA attaches itself to a ribosome (to the small subunit). •Six bases of the mRNA are exposed. •A complementary tRNA molecule with its attached amino acid (methionine) base pairs via its anticodon UAC with the AUG on the mRNA in the first position P. •Another tRNA base pairs with the othe ...
... •First the mRNA attaches itself to a ribosome (to the small subunit). •Six bases of the mRNA are exposed. •A complementary tRNA molecule with its attached amino acid (methionine) base pairs via its anticodon UAC with the AUG on the mRNA in the first position P. •Another tRNA base pairs with the othe ...
protein_synthesis
... •First the mRNA attaches itself to a ribosome (to the small subunit). •Six bases of the mRNA are exposed. •A complementary tRNA molecule with its attached amino acid (methionine) base pairs via its anticodon UAC with the AUG on the mRNA in the first position P. •Another tRNA base pairs with the othe ...
... •First the mRNA attaches itself to a ribosome (to the small subunit). •Six bases of the mRNA are exposed. •A complementary tRNA molecule with its attached amino acid (methionine) base pairs via its anticodon UAC with the AUG on the mRNA in the first position P. •Another tRNA base pairs with the othe ...
Molecular indexing for improved RNA-Seq analysis
... or different cDNA molecule. As a remedy to this re-sampling problem, many researchers evaluate whether or not each read has the same start and stop mapping coordinates. Reads with identical start and stop positions are usually assumed to be clonal duplicates derived from the same parent molecule. Ho ...
... or different cDNA molecule. As a remedy to this re-sampling problem, many researchers evaluate whether or not each read has the same start and stop mapping coordinates. Reads with identical start and stop positions are usually assumed to be clonal duplicates derived from the same parent molecule. Ho ...
mRNA
... Codons: Triplets of Bases • The flow of information from gene to protein is based on a triplet code: a series of nonoverlapping, three-nucleotide words • These triplets are the smallest units of uniform length that can code for all the amino acids • Example: AGT at a particular position on a DNA st ...
... Codons: Triplets of Bases • The flow of information from gene to protein is based on a triplet code: a series of nonoverlapping, three-nucleotide words • These triplets are the smallest units of uniform length that can code for all the amino acids • Example: AGT at a particular position on a DNA st ...
Nucleotide sequences of the trailer, nucleocapsid protein gene and
... GCTCGTCGATCTCCGCATCTGT, were used in PCR with high fidelity Pfu DNA polymerase (Stratagene). The PCR product was cloned and sequenced by the dideoxynucleotide chain termination method. For obtaining cDNAs corresponding to the intergenic regions, the positive-sense oligonucleotide primer was derived ...
... GCTCGTCGATCTCCGCATCTGT, were used in PCR with high fidelity Pfu DNA polymerase (Stratagene). The PCR product was cloned and sequenced by the dideoxynucleotide chain termination method. For obtaining cDNAs corresponding to the intergenic regions, the positive-sense oligonucleotide primer was derived ...
PDF - Andrew Rambaut
... The analysis was conducted in 3 stages. First, the overall extent of epistasis in RNA viruses was estimated by calculating the number of sites involved in compensatory interactions for each data set. Second, we inferred the phylogenetic distribution of the observed compensatory mutations. Last, we m ...
... The analysis was conducted in 3 stages. First, the overall extent of epistasis in RNA viruses was estimated by calculating the number of sites involved in compensatory interactions for each data set. Second, we inferred the phylogenetic distribution of the observed compensatory mutations. Last, we m ...
Protein-RNA interactions: Structural analysis and functional classes
... structures have been solved. However, the publication of the structure of the 50S and 30S ribosome subunits in 2000,1,2 and the advent of the structural genomics projects means that structural information for more than 350 protein–RNA complexes is currently available. This increased volume of data m ...
... structures have been solved. However, the publication of the structure of the 50S and 30S ribosome subunits in 2000,1,2 and the advent of the structural genomics projects means that structural information for more than 350 protein–RNA complexes is currently available. This increased volume of data m ...
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... 20.12 Promoters for RNA polymerase II have short sequence elements 20.13 Some promoter-binding proteins are repressors 20.14 Enhancers contain bidirectional elements that assist initiation 20.15 Independent domains bind DNA and activate transcription 20.16 The two hybrid assay detects protein-protei ...
... 20.12 Promoters for RNA polymerase II have short sequence elements 20.13 Some promoter-binding proteins are repressors 20.14 Enhancers contain bidirectional elements that assist initiation 20.15 Independent domains bind DNA and activate transcription 20.16 The two hybrid assay detects protein-protei ...
Transcription & Translation
... Messenger RNA (mRNA) – carries the genetic information (codons) from DNA Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) – carries amino acids contains anti-codon Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) – a structural component of ribosomes ...
... Messenger RNA (mRNA) – carries the genetic information (codons) from DNA Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) – carries amino acids contains anti-codon Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) – a structural component of ribosomes ...
Full Paper - Biotechniques.org
... previously reported sequences of the PEX5 gene. Although the 1.2kb sequence reported does not represent the entire PEX5 gene, it provides evidence that such a homologue does exist in rats, and that the techniques reported herein are sufficient to isolate and identify this gene. The tetratrico peptid ...
... previously reported sequences of the PEX5 gene. Although the 1.2kb sequence reported does not represent the entire PEX5 gene, it provides evidence that such a homologue does exist in rats, and that the techniques reported herein are sufficient to isolate and identify this gene. The tetratrico peptid ...
PDF file
... cap structure, G(59)ppp(59)N (11, 12). BVP and the triphosphatase domains of the capping enzymes contain the signature HCX5R active site motif common to all PTPs and are thought to employ a catalytic mechanism similar to that used by PTPs to dephosphorylate proteins (2– 4, 10, 13, 14). BVP differs f ...
... cap structure, G(59)ppp(59)N (11, 12). BVP and the triphosphatase domains of the capping enzymes contain the signature HCX5R active site motif common to all PTPs and are thought to employ a catalytic mechanism similar to that used by PTPs to dephosphorylate proteins (2– 4, 10, 13, 14). BVP differs f ...
RNA base–amino acid interaction strengths derived
... consider multiple structures as well as only relative values among the four bases, many differences such as those arising from the greater stiffness of the RNA backbone relative to DNA might be important. There are still some remaining differences but the present considerations are only semi-quantit ...
... consider multiple structures as well as only relative values among the four bases, many differences such as those arising from the greater stiffness of the RNA backbone relative to DNA might be important. There are still some remaining differences but the present considerations are only semi-quantit ...
in trans
... Local eQTL: “near” the affected gene Distant eQTL: “far” from the affected gene cis effect: often taken to mean on the DNA molecule affected trans effect: often taken to mean takes effect through the protein/RNA PHYSIOLOGY ...
... Local eQTL: “near” the affected gene Distant eQTL: “far” from the affected gene cis effect: often taken to mean on the DNA molecule affected trans effect: often taken to mean takes effect through the protein/RNA PHYSIOLOGY ...
Optimization of the RT-PCR Method Using the TitanTM One Tube
... In this method both the cDNA synthesis and the amplification are performed with an optimized buffer and the respective enzyme one after the other, but without any more addition of reagents. A distinction is made between two approaches: a. The use of T. thermophilus-(Tth-)DNA polymerase which, like r ...
... In this method both the cDNA synthesis and the amplification are performed with an optimized buffer and the respective enzyme one after the other, but without any more addition of reagents. A distinction is made between two approaches: a. The use of T. thermophilus-(Tth-)DNA polymerase which, like r ...
Life: The Science of Biology, 10e
... How do eukaryotes coordinate expression of sets of genes? Most have their own promoters, and may be far apart in the genome. If the genes have common regulatory sequences, they can be regulated by the same transcription factors. ...
... How do eukaryotes coordinate expression of sets of genes? Most have their own promoters, and may be far apart in the genome. If the genes have common regulatory sequences, they can be regulated by the same transcription factors. ...
(Heterobasidion annosum) in
... molecular aspects of the host response to the pathogen infection have been relatively little examined. Typically, plant defence mechanisms comprise preformed and inducible physical and chemical barriers. Preformed physical barriers include thorns, bark and cuticular waxes, and chemical defences comp ...
... molecular aspects of the host response to the pathogen infection have been relatively little examined. Typically, plant defence mechanisms comprise preformed and inducible physical and chemical barriers. Preformed physical barriers include thorns, bark and cuticular waxes, and chemical defences comp ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... is activated independently of flavonoids. Furthermore, it was found that mature pea nodules contain inhibitors of induced nod gene transcription but that NodD604 was insensitive to these compounds. In situ RNA hybridization on sections from P. sativum and Vicia hirsuta nodules showed that transcript ...
... is activated independently of flavonoids. Furthermore, it was found that mature pea nodules contain inhibitors of induced nod gene transcription but that NodD604 was insensitive to these compounds. In situ RNA hybridization on sections from P. sativum and Vicia hirsuta nodules showed that transcript ...
to linear sequence of 20 amino acids.
... Prokaryotes - In polycistronic mRNA coded by an operon, each coding region must have Shine-Delgarno sequence and AUG ...
... Prokaryotes - In polycistronic mRNA coded by an operon, each coding region must have Shine-Delgarno sequence and AUG ...
View our poster (1.1 MB PDF)
... Figure 1. RNA interference (RNAi) is a highly evolutionarily conserved mechanism of gene regulation. RNAi occurs at the post-transcriptional level and is triggered by short double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), known as short interfering RNA (siRNA), which is endogenously processed from long dsRNA by the RNa ...
... Figure 1. RNA interference (RNAi) is a highly evolutionarily conserved mechanism of gene regulation. RNAi occurs at the post-transcriptional level and is triggered by short double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), known as short interfering RNA (siRNA), which is endogenously processed from long dsRNA by the RNa ...
RNA interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. Historically, it was known by other names, including co-suppression, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and quelling. Only after these apparently unrelated processes were fully understood did it become clear that they all described the RNAi phenomenon. Andrew Fire and Craig C. Mello shared the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on RNA interference in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which they published in 1998.Two types of small ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules – microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) – are central to RNA interference. RNAs are the direct products of genes, and these small RNAs can bind to other specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules and either increase or decrease their activity, for example by preventing an mRNA from producing a protein. RNA interference has an important role in defending cells against parasitic nucleotide sequences – viruses and transposons. It also influences development.The RNAi pathway is found in many eukaryotes, including animals, and is initiated by the enzyme Dicer, which cleaves long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules into short double-stranded fragments of ~20 nucleotide siRNAs. Each siRNA is unwound into two single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs), the passenger strand and the guide strand. The passenger strand is degraded and the guide strand is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The most well-studied outcome is post-transcriptional gene silencing, which occurs when the guide strand pairs with a complementary sequence in a messenger RNA molecule and induces cleavage by Argonaute, the catalytic component of the RISC complex. In some organisms, this process spreads systemically, despite the initially limited molar concentrations of siRNA.RNAi is a valuable research tool, both in cell culture and in living organisms, because synthetic dsRNA introduced into cells can selectively and robustly induce suppression of specific genes of interest. RNAi may be used for large-scale screens that systematically shut down each gene in the cell, which can help to identify the components necessary for a particular cellular process or an event such as cell division. The pathway is also used as a practical tool in biotechnology, medicine and insecticides.