Gene Expression Vocabulary
... 4. Transcription: the information in DNA is transferred to mRNA 5. Translation: the information in mRNA is used to make a protein 6. RNA polymerase: an enzyme that begins transcription 7. Promoter: a specific sequence of DNA that acts as a “start” signal for transcription 8. Terminator: a sequence o ...
... 4. Transcription: the information in DNA is transferred to mRNA 5. Translation: the information in mRNA is used to make a protein 6. RNA polymerase: an enzyme that begins transcription 7. Promoter: a specific sequence of DNA that acts as a “start” signal for transcription 8. Terminator: a sequence o ...
Fighting enemies under the ground
... results in the loss of function of the targeted gene. This phenomenon is termed as RNAmediated interference or, shortly, RNAi. The cells of organisms such as nematodes, plants and human do not produce dsRNA. However, many viruses produce dsRNA. Thus, the RNAi machinery seems to have evolved as a def ...
... results in the loss of function of the targeted gene. This phenomenon is termed as RNAmediated interference or, shortly, RNAi. The cells of organisms such as nematodes, plants and human do not produce dsRNA. However, many viruses produce dsRNA. Thus, the RNAi machinery seems to have evolved as a def ...
Supplementary Information (doc 33K)
... Construction of recombinant Lentivirus vectors with shRNA for hCINAP The siRNA sequence for hCINAP (5’-CAGAGUAGUUGAUGAGUUA-3’) was selected after screening ...
... Construction of recombinant Lentivirus vectors with shRNA for hCINAP The siRNA sequence for hCINAP (5’-CAGAGUAGUUGAUGAGUUA-3’) was selected after screening ...
Name
... Fill in the blank to complete each statement. 1. The process of making proteins is called protein ...
... Fill in the blank to complete each statement. 1. The process of making proteins is called protein ...
Gene silencing - Get Biotech Smart
... • If we want to stop that protein from being made we can disable the sense strand of RNA • RNA can become double stranded • What is needed is an “antisense” strand of RNA to bind with the “sense” strand ...
... • If we want to stop that protein from being made we can disable the sense strand of RNA • RNA can become double stranded • What is needed is an “antisense” strand of RNA to bind with the “sense” strand ...
Multiple choice questions
... Are always in front of genes Consist of consensus sequences Are binding sites for RNA polymerases Are rich in G and C nucleotides Are only found with protein-coding genes Are very similar in prokaryotes and eukaryotes ...
... Are always in front of genes Consist of consensus sequences Are binding sites for RNA polymerases Are rich in G and C nucleotides Are only found with protein-coding genes Are very similar in prokaryotes and eukaryotes ...
Streptavidin is a small bacterial protein that binds
... cellular pathway that is commonly referred to as the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. First, the dsRNAs get processed into 20-25 nucleotide (nt) small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by an RNase III-like enzyme called Dicer (initiation step). Then, the siRNAs assemble into endoribonuclease-containing comp ...
... cellular pathway that is commonly referred to as the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. First, the dsRNAs get processed into 20-25 nucleotide (nt) small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by an RNase III-like enzyme called Dicer (initiation step). Then, the siRNAs assemble into endoribonuclease-containing comp ...
Mentor: James A. MacKay Students: Amanda Williams, Holly Sofka
... Students: Amanda Williams, Holly Sofka Project Description: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is believed to be an important molecule in the evolution of life and has functionally taken on many important biological roles. Given the many functions of RNA, molecular recognition of RNA represents an attractive go ...
... Students: Amanda Williams, Holly Sofka Project Description: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is believed to be an important molecule in the evolution of life and has functionally taken on many important biological roles. Given the many functions of RNA, molecular recognition of RNA represents an attractive go ...
Recovery and analysis of old/ancient DNA: molecular archaeology
... •doesn’t interfere with transcription initiation or elongation (it is possible to target a single gene in an operon) (i.e. RNAi is a post-transcriptional phenomena) •the targeted mRNA is degraded (i.e. it can’t be detected by probes) •dsRNA can cross cellular boundaries (i.e. there is a transport me ...
... •doesn’t interfere with transcription initiation or elongation (it is possible to target a single gene in an operon) (i.e. RNAi is a post-transcriptional phenomena) •the targeted mRNA is degraded (i.e. it can’t be detected by probes) •dsRNA can cross cellular boundaries (i.e. there is a transport me ...
RNA Interference Provides New Approach for Finding Cancer Genes
... mechanism. They’ve now made short hairpin RNAs that can silence every gene in the human and mouse genomes. For their experiments reported in Science, the pair first identified 3,000 genes important in cell signaling, growth, and other essential processes. Next, they inserted a genetic code for short h ...
... mechanism. They’ve now made short hairpin RNAs that can silence every gene in the human and mouse genomes. For their experiments reported in Science, the pair first identified 3,000 genes important in cell signaling, growth, and other essential processes. Next, they inserted a genetic code for short h ...
Glossary
... intermediate precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs), transported to the cytoplasm where they are further cleaved by the Dicer-TRBP complex, and then released as miRNA duplexes. miRNA duplexes are incorporated into Argonaute (Ago) family proteins, from which one of the two strands of the duplex is discarded, ...
... intermediate precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs), transported to the cytoplasm where they are further cleaved by the Dicer-TRBP complex, and then released as miRNA duplexes. miRNA duplexes are incorporated into Argonaute (Ago) family proteins, from which one of the two strands of the duplex is discarded, ...
Transcription and Translation
... A group of genes that are regulated together. They usually have a related function. Lac Operon turns off expression by binding to the operator. ...
... A group of genes that are regulated together. They usually have a related function. Lac Operon turns off expression by binding to the operator. ...
Lecture 9
... – Two days after that, the plate was inspected for the presence of F1 adults (normally >100), their overall body morphology and the presence of F2 progeny. • Partially penetrant embryonic lethality and subtle developmental defects were not scored in this analysis. • dsRNAs that gave rise to defects ...
... – Two days after that, the plate was inspected for the presence of F1 adults (normally >100), their overall body morphology and the presence of F2 progeny. • Partially penetrant embryonic lethality and subtle developmental defects were not scored in this analysis. • dsRNAs that gave rise to defects ...
P310 Trypanosoma brucei PUF RNA binding proteins Katelyn Fenn
... oxidase (COX) complex of the trypanosome respiratory chain, which is developmentally regulated. Previous studies revealed that these genes were regulated via signals in the mRNA 3’ untranslated regions (UTRs). In yeast, COX gene expression is regulated by a PUF RNA binding protein. PUF proteins are ...
... oxidase (COX) complex of the trypanosome respiratory chain, which is developmentally regulated. Previous studies revealed that these genes were regulated via signals in the mRNA 3’ untranslated regions (UTRs). In yeast, COX gene expression is regulated by a PUF RNA binding protein. PUF proteins are ...
Major Functions
... A gene is a stretch of DNA that contains the information to produce a particular product (usually a protein). ...
... A gene is a stretch of DNA that contains the information to produce a particular product (usually a protein). ...
Chapter 11
... length with separate catalytic and substrate binding domains. Comparing to protein therapeutics, it is less likely to evoke an immune response. The substrate-binding site combines by complementarity. The catalytic portion cleaves the target RNA at a specific site, thereby protein production is ...
... length with separate catalytic and substrate binding domains. Comparing to protein therapeutics, it is less likely to evoke an immune response. The substrate-binding site combines by complementarity. The catalytic portion cleaves the target RNA at a specific site, thereby protein production is ...
Presentation title: Introduction to RNA
... copies of each gene, as RNA, will differ due to the different functional requirement of each tissue type. An important area of research within genetics is to study the genome in‐action, through RNA. For example, by comparing the quantities of each gene’s RNA betwe ...
... copies of each gene, as RNA, will differ due to the different functional requirement of each tissue type. An important area of research within genetics is to study the genome in‐action, through RNA. For example, by comparing the quantities of each gene’s RNA betwe ...
Control of Gene Expression
... Complementary strands bind to one another Gene sequence may allow formation of a ...
... Complementary strands bind to one another Gene sequence may allow formation of a ...
Chapter 13
... The duplex may block initiation of translation, cause termination of transcription, or create a target for an endonuclease. ...
... The duplex may block initiation of translation, cause termination of transcription, or create a target for an endonuclease. ...
Slide 1
... Small interfering RNAs corresponding to the al-1 dsRNA.The transformants 1, 24 and 42 show a clear accumulation of siRNA. The RNA was extracted from cultures either in quinic induced (i) or noninduced conditions (ni). The 6xw is a Neurospora silenced strain with multiple copies of transgene, used as ...
... Small interfering RNAs corresponding to the al-1 dsRNA.The transformants 1, 24 and 42 show a clear accumulation of siRNA. The RNA was extracted from cultures either in quinic induced (i) or noninduced conditions (ni). The 6xw is a Neurospora silenced strain with multiple copies of transgene, used as ...
RNA interference - genemol de Jean
... RNAi is a specific process, known as the RNA interference machinery. It appears that the machinery, once it finds a double-stranded RNA molecule, cuts it up with an endonuclease (Dicer), separates the two strands, and then proceeds to destroy other single-stranded RNA molecules that are complementa ...
... RNAi is a specific process, known as the RNA interference machinery. It appears that the machinery, once it finds a double-stranded RNA molecule, cuts it up with an endonuclease (Dicer), separates the two strands, and then proceeds to destroy other single-stranded RNA molecules that are complementa ...
RNA interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. Historically, it was known by other names, including co-suppression, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and quelling. Only after these apparently unrelated processes were fully understood did it become clear that they all described the RNAi phenomenon. Andrew Fire and Craig C. Mello shared the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on RNA interference in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which they published in 1998.Two types of small ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules – microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) – are central to RNA interference. RNAs are the direct products of genes, and these small RNAs can bind to other specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules and either increase or decrease their activity, for example by preventing an mRNA from producing a protein. RNA interference has an important role in defending cells against parasitic nucleotide sequences – viruses and transposons. It also influences development.The RNAi pathway is found in many eukaryotes, including animals, and is initiated by the enzyme Dicer, which cleaves long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules into short double-stranded fragments of ~20 nucleotide siRNAs. Each siRNA is unwound into two single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs), the passenger strand and the guide strand. The passenger strand is degraded and the guide strand is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The most well-studied outcome is post-transcriptional gene silencing, which occurs when the guide strand pairs with a complementary sequence in a messenger RNA molecule and induces cleavage by Argonaute, the catalytic component of the RISC complex. In some organisms, this process spreads systemically, despite the initially limited molar concentrations of siRNA.RNAi is a valuable research tool, both in cell culture and in living organisms, because synthetic dsRNA introduced into cells can selectively and robustly induce suppression of specific genes of interest. RNAi may be used for large-scale screens that systematically shut down each gene in the cell, which can help to identify the components necessary for a particular cellular process or an event such as cell division. The pathway is also used as a practical tool in biotechnology, medicine and insecticides.