Identification of Genes Mediating Drosophila Follicle Cell Progenitor
... 36 hr later, and stained with anti-GFP (green fluorescent protein) antibodies. Stage 10 follicles were mounted and GFP variegation patterns were compared between control (Bal/+) and heterozygous deficiency mutants (Df/+). (C) Example of a stage 10 follicle with a normal variegation pattern (Ctrl, left ...
... 36 hr later, and stained with anti-GFP (green fluorescent protein) antibodies. Stage 10 follicles were mounted and GFP variegation patterns were compared between control (Bal/+) and heterozygous deficiency mutants (Df/+). (C) Example of a stage 10 follicle with a normal variegation pattern (Ctrl, left ...
and paralogue-specific functions of acyl-CoA
... SE-901 87, Sweden, and ‡Nevada Cancer Institute, Las Vegas, NV 89135, U.S.A. ...
... SE-901 87, Sweden, and ‡Nevada Cancer Institute, Las Vegas, NV 89135, U.S.A. ...
Serine/Arginine-rich proteins Physcomitrella patens Andreas Ring
... chloronemal filaments are produced, from which caulonemal filaments can be branched. Buds originate from caulonema, which later develops into a leafy gametophyte and thus completing the life cycle of P. patens. The moss P. patens has the key attributes for being a good model system, namely it is eas ...
... chloronemal filaments are produced, from which caulonemal filaments can be branched. Buds originate from caulonema, which later develops into a leafy gametophyte and thus completing the life cycle of P. patens. The moss P. patens has the key attributes for being a good model system, namely it is eas ...
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... be established, using a combination of enzymes found in various diverse, unrelated organisms. These novel pigmentation pathways can then lead to the expression of blue or black pigments that have never before been found in any flower. ...
... be established, using a combination of enzymes found in various diverse, unrelated organisms. These novel pigmentation pathways can then lead to the expression of blue or black pigments that have never before been found in any flower. ...
AtREM1, a Member of a New Family of B3 Domain
... (Franco-Zorrilla et al., 1999), AtREM1 (REM1) also belongs to a gene family in Arabidopsis. Genomic DNA sequences from the Arabidopsis Genome Initiative have revealed the existence of at least 23 sequences characterized by the presence of duplicated REM domains (Table I; Fig. 2). Many of them also h ...
... (Franco-Zorrilla et al., 1999), AtREM1 (REM1) also belongs to a gene family in Arabidopsis. Genomic DNA sequences from the Arabidopsis Genome Initiative have revealed the existence of at least 23 sequences characterized by the presence of duplicated REM domains (Table I; Fig. 2). Many of them also h ...
Recombination in large RNA viruses: Coronaviruses
... Experimental evidence in tissue culture indicated that recombination can generate new viruses, even when no specific selection pressures were applied, as long as these recombinants have evolutionary advantages.8 The effects of recombination on the evolution of coronavirus DI RNAs have also been demo ...
... Experimental evidence in tissue culture indicated that recombination can generate new viruses, even when no specific selection pressures were applied, as long as these recombinants have evolutionary advantages.8 The effects of recombination on the evolution of coronavirus DI RNAs have also been demo ...
Two Genes with Similarity to Bacterial Response Regulators Are
... response regulator receiver domain at the C terminus. These proteins have been referred to as hybrid kinases. One exception is ERS (for ethylene response sensor), a member of the Arabidopsis ETR gene family, which is comprised solely of a histidine kinase and a putative ethylene binding domain. Seve ...
... response regulator receiver domain at the C terminus. These proteins have been referred to as hybrid kinases. One exception is ERS (for ethylene response sensor), a member of the Arabidopsis ETR gene family, which is comprised solely of a histidine kinase and a putative ethylene binding domain. Seve ...
Key Words
... Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, bases, polypeptide Do Now: Transcription and Translation are two processes involved in protein synthesis. Compare and contrast Replication, Transcription and Translation. For each process explain: 1. Where does it occur? 2. What is the goal? 3. Which m ...
... Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, bases, polypeptide Do Now: Transcription and Translation are two processes involved in protein synthesis. Compare and contrast Replication, Transcription and Translation. For each process explain: 1. Where does it occur? 2. What is the goal? 3. Which m ...
RNA Splicing
... splicing. ie.,one of its proteins,U1-70k interacts with protein ASF/SF2(an SR class general splicing factor) causing U1 snRNA to base pair with the 5’ site by a single stranded region at 5’ terminus (4 to 6 bases complementary with splice site). • Complementarity between U1 snRNA and 5’ splice site ...
... splicing. ie.,one of its proteins,U1-70k interacts with protein ASF/SF2(an SR class general splicing factor) causing U1 snRNA to base pair with the 5’ site by a single stranded region at 5’ terminus (4 to 6 bases complementary with splice site). • Complementarity between U1 snRNA and 5’ splice site ...
COP9: A New Genetic Locus lnvolved in Light
... and a domain homologous to the p subunit of trimeric G-proteins (Deng et al., 1992). This nove1 structure suggests that the COR gene product not only has the potential to directly bind DNA through its Zn binding domain, it may also have the ability to interact with other protein components through i ...
... and a domain homologous to the p subunit of trimeric G-proteins (Deng et al., 1992). This nove1 structure suggests that the COR gene product not only has the potential to directly bind DNA through its Zn binding domain, it may also have the ability to interact with other protein components through i ...
Human, yeast and hybrid 3-phosphoglycerate kinase gene
... produced by units c and e on high copy number plasmids in yeast. IFN-ol DNA was used as a common probe. Lanes 1-4 were also analyzed with yPGK DNA as a probe to show that loading of mRNA is essentially identical (see part B of lanes 1-4). Loading is measured by the intensity of the 1500 nucleotide c ...
... produced by units c and e on high copy number plasmids in yeast. IFN-ol DNA was used as a common probe. Lanes 1-4 were also analyzed with yPGK DNA as a probe to show that loading of mRNA is essentially identical (see part B of lanes 1-4). Loading is measured by the intensity of the 1500 nucleotide c ...
How Does DNA Determine the Traits of an Organism
... How Does DNA Determine the Traits of an Organism? Introduction: In this simulation, you will examine the DNA sequence of a fictitious organism the Snork. Snorks were discovered on the planet Dee Enae in a distant solar system. Snorks only have one chromosome with eight genes on it. Your job is to an ...
... How Does DNA Determine the Traits of an Organism? Introduction: In this simulation, you will examine the DNA sequence of a fictitious organism the Snork. Snorks were discovered on the planet Dee Enae in a distant solar system. Snorks only have one chromosome with eight genes on it. Your job is to an ...
Gene Codon Composition Determines Differentiation
... similar half-life, demonstrating that L1 protein production is posttranscriptionally regulated. We demonstrate further that KCs substantially change their tRNA profiles upon differentiation. Aminoacyl-tRNAs from differentiated KCs but not undifferentiated KCs enhanced the translation of authentic L1 ...
... similar half-life, demonstrating that L1 protein production is posttranscriptionally regulated. We demonstrate further that KCs substantially change their tRNA profiles upon differentiation. Aminoacyl-tRNAs from differentiated KCs but not undifferentiated KCs enhanced the translation of authentic L1 ...
Origin of amino acid homochirality: Relationship with the RNA world
... However, although none of these possibilities can be completely denied, biological homochirality should be considered in terms of the evolution of life on the Earth (Bailey, 1998). I will focus on the origin of the homochirality of amino acids based on the aminoacylation of primitive tRNA. It is def ...
... However, although none of these possibilities can be completely denied, biological homochirality should be considered in terms of the evolution of life on the Earth (Bailey, 1998). I will focus on the origin of the homochirality of amino acids based on the aminoacylation of primitive tRNA. It is def ...
Identification of genes from flat oyster Ostrea
... quantitative real time PCR. Quantitative real time PCR is commonly used to study gene expression due to high sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility and broad dynamic range [3-5]. Level of gene expression is determined by quantifying the relative amount of target mRNA between different conditions, ...
... quantitative real time PCR. Quantitative real time PCR is commonly used to study gene expression due to high sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility and broad dynamic range [3-5]. Level of gene expression is determined by quantifying the relative amount of target mRNA between different conditions, ...
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... which it is associated in sheep (‘Callipyge’ means ‘beautiful bottom’) [27]. Many similarities have been identified between the PWS–AS and CLPG loci. For example, the CLPG locus also contains multiple paternally expressed genes, including DLK1 (overexpression of which causes the CPLG phenotype [28,2 ...
... which it is associated in sheep (‘Callipyge’ means ‘beautiful bottom’) [27]. Many similarities have been identified between the PWS–AS and CLPG loci. For example, the CLPG locus also contains multiple paternally expressed genes, including DLK1 (overexpression of which causes the CPLG phenotype [28,2 ...
NUCLEIC ACID CATALYSTS: COMPARING THE MECHANISMS OF
... site-specific cleavage ability of the DNAzyme has potential medicinal applications. DNA and RNA enzymes can be used to target and cleave specific strands of RNA that have negative effects, such as viral RNA (6). Additionally, a better understanding of nucleic acids and proteins can help scientists u ...
... site-specific cleavage ability of the DNAzyme has potential medicinal applications. DNA and RNA enzymes can be used to target and cleave specific strands of RNA that have negative effects, such as viral RNA (6). Additionally, a better understanding of nucleic acids and proteins can help scientists u ...
Title PPAR interprets a chromatin signature of - DR-NTU
... Embryogenesis in PPARb-null mice has not been studied in detail, possibly because defects in placenta formation may complicate the analysis [15]; however, no gross gastrulation or differentiation defects have been reported to date. This gap suggests that either PPARb functions in early mouse embryog ...
... Embryogenesis in PPARb-null mice has not been studied in detail, possibly because defects in placenta formation may complicate the analysis [15]; however, no gross gastrulation or differentiation defects have been reported to date. This gap suggests that either PPARb functions in early mouse embryog ...
PPR2263, a DYW-Subgroup Pentatricopeptide
... common underlying molecular function in the form of sequencespecific associations with RNA that govern various steps in RNA metabolism, such as cleavage, splicing, stability, editing, and translation (Schmitz-Linneweber and Small, 2008; Fujii and Small, 2011). The term RNA editing describes a set of ...
... common underlying molecular function in the form of sequencespecific associations with RNA that govern various steps in RNA metabolism, such as cleavage, splicing, stability, editing, and translation (Schmitz-Linneweber and Small, 2008; Fujii and Small, 2011). The term RNA editing describes a set of ...
chapter 17 notes
... Evolution of the Genetic Code • The genetic code is nearly universal – Shared by organisms from the simplest bacteria to the most complex animals ...
... Evolution of the Genetic Code • The genetic code is nearly universal – Shared by organisms from the simplest bacteria to the most complex animals ...
RNA interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. Historically, it was known by other names, including co-suppression, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and quelling. Only after these apparently unrelated processes were fully understood did it become clear that they all described the RNAi phenomenon. Andrew Fire and Craig C. Mello shared the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on RNA interference in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which they published in 1998.Two types of small ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules – microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) – are central to RNA interference. RNAs are the direct products of genes, and these small RNAs can bind to other specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules and either increase or decrease their activity, for example by preventing an mRNA from producing a protein. RNA interference has an important role in defending cells against parasitic nucleotide sequences – viruses and transposons. It also influences development.The RNAi pathway is found in many eukaryotes, including animals, and is initiated by the enzyme Dicer, which cleaves long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules into short double-stranded fragments of ~20 nucleotide siRNAs. Each siRNA is unwound into two single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs), the passenger strand and the guide strand. The passenger strand is degraded and the guide strand is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The most well-studied outcome is post-transcriptional gene silencing, which occurs when the guide strand pairs with a complementary sequence in a messenger RNA molecule and induces cleavage by Argonaute, the catalytic component of the RISC complex. In some organisms, this process spreads systemically, despite the initially limited molar concentrations of siRNA.RNAi is a valuable research tool, both in cell culture and in living organisms, because synthetic dsRNA introduced into cells can selectively and robustly induce suppression of specific genes of interest. RNAi may be used for large-scale screens that systematically shut down each gene in the cell, which can help to identify the components necessary for a particular cellular process or an event such as cell division. The pathway is also used as a practical tool in biotechnology, medicine and insecticides.