Supplemental Table 1 and Figure Legends
... ** evaluated by immunohistochemistry (ER, cut off= 10% positive cells; PR, cut off_10% positive cells) according to Hammond M.E. et al . J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:2784-95. ...
... ** evaluated by immunohistochemistry (ER, cut off= 10% positive cells; PR, cut off_10% positive cells) according to Hammond M.E. et al . J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:2784-95. ...
EOBII Controls Flower Opening by Functioning as
... and pigmentation. In fact, transcription of the genes associated with anthocyanin production is downregulated at the onset of anthesis by an unknown mechanism, and the application of GA is insufficient to prevent the decline in transcripts because the floral tissue has become insensitive to GA (Weis ...
... and pigmentation. In fact, transcription of the genes associated with anthocyanin production is downregulated at the onset of anthesis by an unknown mechanism, and the application of GA is insufficient to prevent the decline in transcripts because the floral tissue has become insensitive to GA (Weis ...
Brooker Chapter 15
... Transcription factor proteins contain regions, called domains, that have specific functions ...
... Transcription factor proteins contain regions, called domains, that have specific functions ...
Final Report
... is that Limulus embryos would be injected with double stranded RNA molecules designed to silence ColA, SoxE, and SoxD. Knocking down expression of each of these genes individually will test the hypothesis that they play essential roles in horseshoe crab cartilage development. To begin these experime ...
... is that Limulus embryos would be injected with double stranded RNA molecules designed to silence ColA, SoxE, and SoxD. Knocking down expression of each of these genes individually will test the hypothesis that they play essential roles in horseshoe crab cartilage development. To begin these experime ...
Combined expression patterns of QTL
... For instance, catecholamines up (catsup) is associated with naturally occurring variation in multiple traits such as locomotor behavior and longevity (Carbone et al., 2006), Additionally, we also tested two genes that are either up-regulated (CG10383) and down-regulated (cyp6a13) early in the heat-s ...
... For instance, catecholamines up (catsup) is associated with naturally occurring variation in multiple traits such as locomotor behavior and longevity (Carbone et al., 2006), Additionally, we also tested two genes that are either up-regulated (CG10383) and down-regulated (cyp6a13) early in the heat-s ...
K -Channel Transgenes Reduce K Currents in Paramecium
... (Doyle et al. 1998). Some channels are homotetramers, especially those overexpressed heterologously from a single subunit gene, whereas others appear to be heterotetramers. Jegla and Salkoff (1995) first described two K⫹-channel sequences from a Paramecium tetraurelia genomic library. We have expand ...
... (Doyle et al. 1998). Some channels are homotetramers, especially those overexpressed heterologously from a single subunit gene, whereas others appear to be heterotetramers. Jegla and Salkoff (1995) first described two K⫹-channel sequences from a Paramecium tetraurelia genomic library. We have expand ...
current micro 40/5 - Bashan Foundation
... and also by PCR. Total RNA from A. nidulans was prepared in a different way (K.-P. Michel, D-Bielefeld, personal communication) from 20 ml cells, which were harvested by centrifugation (10 min, 4000 g, 4°C), washed in 1 ml Bgl1 medium, centrifuged, and resuspended in 100 µl TE buffer. After addition ...
... and also by PCR. Total RNA from A. nidulans was prepared in a different way (K.-P. Michel, D-Bielefeld, personal communication) from 20 ml cells, which were harvested by centrifugation (10 min, 4000 g, 4°C), washed in 1 ml Bgl1 medium, centrifuged, and resuspended in 100 µl TE buffer. After addition ...
Document
... environment as needed (not continuously). Constitutive genes Continuously expressed. ...
... environment as needed (not continuously). Constitutive genes Continuously expressed. ...
Sex Chromosomes
... • Deletion at the 5' of Xist (RepA) had no effect on cell survival. • DRepA construct expressed a transcript that clusters to the X chromosome, indicating that RepA is not responsible for proper localization on Xi. Conclusion: - The RepA containing region is responsible for X inacivation. - Transcri ...
... • Deletion at the 5' of Xist (RepA) had no effect on cell survival. • DRepA construct expressed a transcript that clusters to the X chromosome, indicating that RepA is not responsible for proper localization on Xi. Conclusion: - The RepA containing region is responsible for X inacivation. - Transcri ...
Nucleic Acids: RNA and chemistry
... # base-pairs of DNA in the gene… because that’s how transcription works BUT the number of bases in the unmodified mRNA > # bases in the final mRNA that actually codes for a protein SO there needs to be a process for getting rid of the unwanted bases in the mRNA: that’s what splicing is! ...
... # base-pairs of DNA in the gene… because that’s how transcription works BUT the number of bases in the unmodified mRNA > # bases in the final mRNA that actually codes for a protein SO there needs to be a process for getting rid of the unwanted bases in the mRNA: that’s what splicing is! ...
Restriction fragment differential display of pediocin
... Pediocin PA-1, which is a bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria, has potential as a biopreservative of food. However, such use may lead to the development of resistance in the target organism. Gene expression in two independent pediocin-resistant mutants of Listeria monocytogenes 412 was comp ...
... Pediocin PA-1, which is a bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria, has potential as a biopreservative of food. However, such use may lead to the development of resistance in the target organism. Gene expression in two independent pediocin-resistant mutants of Listeria monocytogenes 412 was comp ...
MicroRNA-mediated regulation of flower development in grasses
... develop bract-like structures – palea and lemma. Reproductive organs are enclosed by round lodicule that not only protects reproductive organs but also plays an important role during flower opening. The first genetic model for floral organ development was proposed 25 years ago and it was based on th ...
... develop bract-like structures – palea and lemma. Reproductive organs are enclosed by round lodicule that not only protects reproductive organs but also plays an important role during flower opening. The first genetic model for floral organ development was proposed 25 years ago and it was based on th ...
Maimbo, M., Ohnishi, K., Hikichi, Y., Yoshioka, H. and Kiba, A.
... RsRGs showed no similarity with any other known genes and thus might represent novel genes related to plant defense responses. To identify RsRGs that are essential for defense responses, potato virus X (PVX) vector-mediated virus-induced gene silencing was performed in Nicotiana benthamiana. We prev ...
... RsRGs showed no similarity with any other known genes and thus might represent novel genes related to plant defense responses. To identify RsRGs that are essential for defense responses, potato virus X (PVX) vector-mediated virus-induced gene silencing was performed in Nicotiana benthamiana. We prev ...
Regulation of the C. elegans molt by pqn-47
... Hormone, a sesquiterpenoid, which determines if a molt will be larval to larval or larval to adult (metamorphic). The titer of ecdysone regulates the secretion of Eclosion Hormones, which stimulate the behaviors required for the animal to escape its old cuticle, or ecdyse. The titer of the steroid h ...
... Hormone, a sesquiterpenoid, which determines if a molt will be larval to larval or larval to adult (metamorphic). The titer of ecdysone regulates the secretion of Eclosion Hormones, which stimulate the behaviors required for the animal to escape its old cuticle, or ecdyse. The titer of the steroid h ...
Mutations in the MicroRNA Complementarity Site
... ICU4 gene, which we previously mapped to chromosome 1 between the T27K12-Sp6 and nga128 microsatellite markers (Serrano-Cartagena et al., 2000). The genotyping of 130 icu4-1 homozygotes selected from an F2 mapping population derived from a Columbia-0 (Col-0) 3 icu4-1/icu4-1 cross allowed us to narro ...
... ICU4 gene, which we previously mapped to chromosome 1 between the T27K12-Sp6 and nga128 microsatellite markers (Serrano-Cartagena et al., 2000). The genotyping of 130 icu4-1 homozygotes selected from an F2 mapping population derived from a Columbia-0 (Col-0) 3 icu4-1/icu4-1 cross allowed us to narro ...
Antisense Transcript and RNA Processing
... product, the b-subunit of ATP synthase (Stern et al., 1991). Using this conditional phenotype, the nuclear suppressor crp3 was isolated (Levy et al., 1997). crp3 displayed multiple defects in cpRNA 39 processing, suggesting that cpRNA stability resulted from an interaction between RNA cis-elements a ...
... product, the b-subunit of ATP synthase (Stern et al., 1991). Using this conditional phenotype, the nuclear suppressor crp3 was isolated (Levy et al., 1997). crp3 displayed multiple defects in cpRNA 39 processing, suggesting that cpRNA stability resulted from an interaction between RNA cis-elements a ...
Splicing regulation: a structural biology perspective
... The spliceosome and his associated proteins is a highly dynamic RNP machine involving a complicated network of RNA-RNA, RNA-protein and protein-protein interactions. Mass spectrometric analyses of affinity-purified spliceosomal complexes indicate that the total number of spliceosome-associated facto ...
... The spliceosome and his associated proteins is a highly dynamic RNP machine involving a complicated network of RNA-RNA, RNA-protein and protein-protein interactions. Mass spectrometric analyses of affinity-purified spliceosomal complexes indicate that the total number of spliceosome-associated facto ...
Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) genesig
... Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) is a highly contagious disease of young chickens caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), characterized by immunosuppression and mortality generally at 3 to 6 weeks of age. The disease was first discovered in Gum ...
... Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) is a highly contagious disease of young chickens caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), characterized by immunosuppression and mortality generally at 3 to 6 weeks of age. The disease was first discovered in Gum ...
Six3, a murine homologue of the sine oculis gene, demarcates the
... 1A). Northern blot analysis (Fig. 1B) of E10.5 poly(A) mRNA showed that Six3 produces two transcripts of approximately 3.2 and 2.7 kb. This indicates that the isolated Six3 cDNA is not full length; however, sequence analysis reveals that it contains the complete coding region. As can be seen in Fig. ...
... 1A). Northern blot analysis (Fig. 1B) of E10.5 poly(A) mRNA showed that Six3 produces two transcripts of approximately 3.2 and 2.7 kb. This indicates that the isolated Six3 cDNA is not full length; however, sequence analysis reveals that it contains the complete coding region. As can be seen in Fig. ...
Symposium Poster - uospur
... Abstract: Defects in the development and formation of synapses can cause neuronal and synaptic overgrowth, which can lead to many neurological disorders including autism. Previous studies have shown that defective FMR1 and ADAR genes result in synaptic overgrowth in Drosophila neuromuscular junction ...
... Abstract: Defects in the development and formation of synapses can cause neuronal and synaptic overgrowth, which can lead to many neurological disorders including autism. Previous studies have shown that defective FMR1 and ADAR genes result in synaptic overgrowth in Drosophila neuromuscular junction ...
The Modular Structure and Function of the Wheat HI Promoter with S
... found in the promoter regions of the TH315 and TH325 genes (Fig. 1). The Oct motif is conserved in almost all the plant histone gene promoters known to date, and it has been shown to be a positive cis-acting element in some plant H3 and H4 genes (Chaubet et al. 1996, Nakayama et al. 1992, Terada et ...
... found in the promoter regions of the TH315 and TH325 genes (Fig. 1). The Oct motif is conserved in almost all the plant histone gene promoters known to date, and it has been shown to be a positive cis-acting element in some plant H3 and H4 genes (Chaubet et al. 1996, Nakayama et al. 1992, Terada et ...
Supplementary Information (doc 82K)
... ribosomal subunits, 80S monosome and polysome peaks are indicated. (A, B bottom panels) Effect of temperature stress on sense (s) and antisense (as) LSU γ rRNA fragmentation. Total RNA extracted from unstressed and temperature-stressed L. infantum promastigotes was isolated from sucrose gradient fra ...
... ribosomal subunits, 80S monosome and polysome peaks are indicated. (A, B bottom panels) Effect of temperature stress on sense (s) and antisense (as) LSU γ rRNA fragmentation. Total RNA extracted from unstressed and temperature-stressed L. infantum promastigotes was isolated from sucrose gradient fra ...
X chromosome gene expression in human tissues
... expression of the PLCXD1 and CSF2RA genes was found in females compared with males for only the stomach and lung tissue, respectively. The degree of sequence homology between the X- and the Y-chromosome copies should be considered particularly when interpreting pseudoautosomal gene microarray data. ...
... expression of the PLCXD1 and CSF2RA genes was found in females compared with males for only the stomach and lung tissue, respectively. The degree of sequence homology between the X- and the Y-chromosome copies should be considered particularly when interpreting pseudoautosomal gene microarray data. ...
RNA interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. Historically, it was known by other names, including co-suppression, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and quelling. Only after these apparently unrelated processes were fully understood did it become clear that they all described the RNAi phenomenon. Andrew Fire and Craig C. Mello shared the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on RNA interference in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which they published in 1998.Two types of small ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules – microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) – are central to RNA interference. RNAs are the direct products of genes, and these small RNAs can bind to other specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules and either increase or decrease their activity, for example by preventing an mRNA from producing a protein. RNA interference has an important role in defending cells against parasitic nucleotide sequences – viruses and transposons. It also influences development.The RNAi pathway is found in many eukaryotes, including animals, and is initiated by the enzyme Dicer, which cleaves long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules into short double-stranded fragments of ~20 nucleotide siRNAs. Each siRNA is unwound into two single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs), the passenger strand and the guide strand. The passenger strand is degraded and the guide strand is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The most well-studied outcome is post-transcriptional gene silencing, which occurs when the guide strand pairs with a complementary sequence in a messenger RNA molecule and induces cleavage by Argonaute, the catalytic component of the RISC complex. In some organisms, this process spreads systemically, despite the initially limited molar concentrations of siRNA.RNAi is a valuable research tool, both in cell culture and in living organisms, because synthetic dsRNA introduced into cells can selectively and robustly induce suppression of specific genes of interest. RNAi may be used for large-scale screens that systematically shut down each gene in the cell, which can help to identify the components necessary for a particular cellular process or an event such as cell division. The pathway is also used as a practical tool in biotechnology, medicine and insecticides.