Identification and Analysis of Arabidopsis Expressed Sequence
... is approximately 1.5 kb. Although the sequence of the JAW RNA is not known, it has been characterized as a ncRNA based on its expression in the presence of, and linkage to, an activation tag (Weigel et al., 2000). The other ncRNA candidates were implicated as ncRNAs from analyses of cDNAs correspond ...
... is approximately 1.5 kb. Although the sequence of the JAW RNA is not known, it has been characterized as a ncRNA based on its expression in the presence of, and linkage to, an activation tag (Weigel et al., 2000). The other ncRNA candidates were implicated as ncRNAs from analyses of cDNAs correspond ...
Is HP1 an RNA detector that functions both in repression and
... Heterochromatin is defined as regions of compact chromatin that persist throughout the cell cycle (Heitz, 1928). The earliest cytological observations of heterochromatin were followed by ribonucleotide labeling experiments that showed it to be transcriptionally inert relative to the more typical euc ...
... Heterochromatin is defined as regions of compact chromatin that persist throughout the cell cycle (Heitz, 1928). The earliest cytological observations of heterochromatin were followed by ribonucleotide labeling experiments that showed it to be transcriptionally inert relative to the more typical euc ...
Partial Sequence Analysis of the 5S to 18S rRNA Gene Region of
... FIG. 2. Nucleotide sequence of maize mtDNA containing the 3' end of 18S rRNA gene, the 5S rRNA gene, and flanking sequences is shown. The regions at the end of 18S rRNA gene are numbered from zero. The beginning and end of the 5S rRNA gene are at number 109 and 234. The sequence of the maize ct (chl ...
... FIG. 2. Nucleotide sequence of maize mtDNA containing the 3' end of 18S rRNA gene, the 5S rRNA gene, and flanking sequences is shown. The regions at the end of 18S rRNA gene are numbered from zero. The beginning and end of the 5S rRNA gene are at number 109 and 234. The sequence of the maize ct (chl ...
Supplemental Information
... reflect changes in the normal levels of Wnt signaling. Therefore, unlike egfr/let-23(lf); vab-8(lf) double mutants, the sos-1(ku231) mutants should not be any more dependent on Wnt signaling than wild-type animals. Consistent with this model, the sos-1(ku231) underinduced phenotype is exacerbated by ...
... reflect changes in the normal levels of Wnt signaling. Therefore, unlike egfr/let-23(lf); vab-8(lf) double mutants, the sos-1(ku231) mutants should not be any more dependent on Wnt signaling than wild-type animals. Consistent with this model, the sos-1(ku231) underinduced phenotype is exacerbated by ...
Nonconventional Initiation Complex Assembly by STAT and NF
... Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the enzyme encoded by the Nos2 gene ...
... Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the enzyme encoded by the Nos2 gene ...
Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus genesig
... Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) is an RNA virus of the Novirhabdovirus genus which causes Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis (IHN), a chronic disease of Salmonoid fish. The linear, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome of this virus 11,131 nucleotides long and encodes six genes. F ...
... Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) is an RNA virus of the Novirhabdovirus genus which causes Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis (IHN), a chronic disease of Salmonoid fish. The linear, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome of this virus 11,131 nucleotides long and encodes six genes. F ...
a server for analyzing and predicting RNA
... protein–RNA complex. The output is a display of the sequence of each chain in the complex, with a label for each residue; ‘þ’ for residues that are within the specified distance cutoff and ‘’ for residues that do not have any atoms within the distance cutoff. The calculated RNA-binding residues are al ...
... protein–RNA complex. The output is a display of the sequence of each chain in the complex, with a label for each residue; ‘þ’ for residues that are within the specified distance cutoff and ‘’ for residues that do not have any atoms within the distance cutoff. The calculated RNA-binding residues are al ...
An S Receptor Kinase Gene in Self-Compatible
... locus, there is considerable DNA sequence homology between the SLG and SRK genes, with the 5'end of the SRK gene showing m90% DNA homology with the SLG gene (Stein et al., 1991; Goring and Rothstein, 1992). By analogy to other receptor kinases, the protein domain coded for by this part of the gene w ...
... locus, there is considerable DNA sequence homology between the SLG and SRK genes, with the 5'end of the SRK gene showing m90% DNA homology with the SLG gene (Stein et al., 1991; Goring and Rothstein, 1992). By analogy to other receptor kinases, the protein domain coded for by this part of the gene w ...
Transcription regulation of the Escherichia coli pcnB gene coding for
... does not introduce any long-lasting conformational alterations to this enzyme (Szalewska-Palasz 2008). The second eVector of the stringent response is the DksA protein, which was found as an indispensable factor for ppGpp-mediated eVects on ribosomal promoters in vivo (Paul et al. 2004). This protei ...
... does not introduce any long-lasting conformational alterations to this enzyme (Szalewska-Palasz 2008). The second eVector of the stringent response is the DksA protein, which was found as an indispensable factor for ppGpp-mediated eVects on ribosomal promoters in vivo (Paul et al. 2004). This protei ...
RNA interference pathways display high rates of adaptive protein
... between C. nigoni and C. afra, and excluded regions that were greater than 6 standard deviations from the mean divergence. Published reference assemblies were not available for Apis cerana and Heliconius hecale. To generate outgroup sequences for these species we iteratively remapped reads (H. hecal ...
... between C. nigoni and C. afra, and excluded regions that were greater than 6 standard deviations from the mean divergence. Published reference assemblies were not available for Apis cerana and Heliconius hecale. To generate outgroup sequences for these species we iteratively remapped reads (H. hecal ...
PDF
... seconds, with t=0 corresponding to pronuclear meeting unless stated otherwise, and scale bars represent 10 µm. See also supplementary material Movies 1 and 2. (C,D) Kymographs of the areas marked by dashed white rectangles in A and B. The white line delineates the position of the nuclear envelopes o ...
... seconds, with t=0 corresponding to pronuclear meeting unless stated otherwise, and scale bars represent 10 µm. See also supplementary material Movies 1 and 2. (C,D) Kymographs of the areas marked by dashed white rectangles in A and B. The white line delineates the position of the nuclear envelopes o ...
Catalog No. SAMPLE: 5 preps GF-RD
... maximum speed for 3 minutes after addition of Elution Buffer addition of Wash Buffer 2. ...
... maximum speed for 3 minutes after addition of Elution Buffer addition of Wash Buffer 2. ...
Chapter 17 Lecture PowerPoint - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... • Translation is the process by which ribosomes read the genetic message in mRNA and produce a protein product according to the message • Ribosomes are protein factories • Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) play an important role as adaptors that can bind and amino acid at one end and interact with the mRNA at t ...
... • Translation is the process by which ribosomes read the genetic message in mRNA and produce a protein product according to the message • Ribosomes are protein factories • Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) play an important role as adaptors that can bind and amino acid at one end and interact with the mRNA at t ...
PDF
... anterior boundary of expression within the first abdominal segment. Where tested, this lies at the parasegmental boundary defined by engrailed expression, suggesting that, at least in this case, the precise co-ordination of segmentation and homeotic ...
... anterior boundary of expression within the first abdominal segment. Where tested, this lies at the parasegmental boundary defined by engrailed expression, suggesting that, at least in this case, the precise co-ordination of segmentation and homeotic ...
TCGR: A Novel DNA/RNA Visualization Technique
... If each cell in an organism contains the same DNA – How does each cell behave differently? Why do cells behave differently during childhood development? What causes some cells to act differently – such as during disease? DNA contains many genes, but only a few are being transcribed – why? O ...
... If each cell in an organism contains the same DNA – How does each cell behave differently? Why do cells behave differently during childhood development? What causes some cells to act differently – such as during disease? DNA contains many genes, but only a few are being transcribed – why? O ...
Making protein (translation)
... Part II: Translation • Using the length of messenger RNA to assemble amino acids into proteins. • Takes place in a ribosome. ...
... Part II: Translation • Using the length of messenger RNA to assemble amino acids into proteins. • Takes place in a ribosome. ...
lac
... lacZ lacY lacA Its own promoter and encodes a repressor DNA protein. Transcription It is not part of the operon mRNA ...
... lacZ lacY lacA Its own promoter and encodes a repressor DNA protein. Transcription It is not part of the operon mRNA ...
Sequence±structure±function studies of tRNA
... SPOUT superfamily includes only a few characterized RNAspeci®c enzymes with 2¢-O-ribose or guanosine-N1 modi®cation speci®city that will not be discussed further in this article. The Rossmann-fold superfamily (hereafter referred to as `MTases') groups together enzymes acting on RNA, DNA, proteins, l ...
... SPOUT superfamily includes only a few characterized RNAspeci®c enzymes with 2¢-O-ribose or guanosine-N1 modi®cation speci®city that will not be discussed further in this article. The Rossmann-fold superfamily (hereafter referred to as `MTases') groups together enzymes acting on RNA, DNA, proteins, l ...
Sequence Alignment - Bilkent University
... not displayed to save space. Gaps in the alignment of mRNAs represent introns in the DNA. Four exons (marked I, II, III, and IV) are inferred from the presented alignment. Exon II is an alternative internal exon, contained entirely within an Alu repeat. Exon III is a constitutive internal exon, foun ...
... not displayed to save space. Gaps in the alignment of mRNAs represent introns in the DNA. Four exons (marked I, II, III, and IV) are inferred from the presented alignment. Exon II is an alternative internal exon, contained entirely within an Alu repeat. Exon III is a constitutive internal exon, foun ...
Small aminoacyl transfer centers at GU within a larger RNA
... surrounding sequences, activity remains detectable. In fact, aminoacylated product accumulation appears to be a sensitive monitor of structure at the site of the ribozyme, perhaps usable for this purpose in other experiments. Accordingly, these results suggest that higher order structure within larg ...
... surrounding sequences, activity remains detectable. In fact, aminoacylated product accumulation appears to be a sensitive monitor of structure at the site of the ribozyme, perhaps usable for this purpose in other experiments. Accordingly, these results suggest that higher order structure within larg ...
Teacher Guide: Gene Expression. By Ann Brokaw.
... expression process. Also included is information about RNA serving as a catalyst for cellular processes and its role in interfering with the gene expression process. (More information on RNA interference can be found in the Gene Regulation curriculum guide.) “Transcription” helps students visualize ...
... expression process. Also included is information about RNA serving as a catalyst for cellular processes and its role in interfering with the gene expression process. (More information on RNA interference can be found in the Gene Regulation curriculum guide.) “Transcription” helps students visualize ...
From Molecular Systems to Simple Cells: a - TBI
... temporal and hierarchical organizations. From the level of stoichiometric related molecules to the cells of even the simplest organisms, there are several levels of increasing complexity each of them linked with the others by feedback loops and/or spacial vecinity. How these reactions emerged in the ...
... temporal and hierarchical organizations. From the level of stoichiometric related molecules to the cells of even the simplest organisms, there are several levels of increasing complexity each of them linked with the others by feedback loops and/or spacial vecinity. How these reactions emerged in the ...
Involvement of HLS1 in Sugar and Auxin
... a variety of genes that control growth and development, e.g. seed germination, post-germinative growth, floral transition, leaf senescence and development of storage organs such as seeds or tubers (Bernier et al. 1993, Koch 1996, Jackson 1999, Smeekens 2000, Rolland et al. 2002, Borisjuk et al. 2004 ...
... a variety of genes that control growth and development, e.g. seed germination, post-germinative growth, floral transition, leaf senescence and development of storage organs such as seeds or tubers (Bernier et al. 1993, Koch 1996, Jackson 1999, Smeekens 2000, Rolland et al. 2002, Borisjuk et al. 2004 ...
DRACULA2 is a dynamic nucleoporin with a role in
... and dra2-1 (0 h) were transferred to white plus far-red light (W+FR) for 1 h. Data represent mean±s.e. bioluminescence measurements from at least 20 seedlings relative to the activity levels in PBL seedlings at 0 h. (B) Representative 7-day-old PBL and dra2-1 seedlings grown under W. (C) Length of h ...
... and dra2-1 (0 h) were transferred to white plus far-red light (W+FR) for 1 h. Data represent mean±s.e. bioluminescence measurements from at least 20 seedlings relative to the activity levels in PBL seedlings at 0 h. (B) Representative 7-day-old PBL and dra2-1 seedlings grown under W. (C) Length of h ...
RNA silencing movement in plants - IMBB
... silencing pathways has only been partially elucidated for RDR6 and RDR2. A term favoured for noncharacterized RNA inducers of silencing is that of ‘aberrant’ RNA, where aberrancy may be a qualitative feature (problematic 3 or 5 ends, secondary structure etc.) (Herr et al., 2006; Luo and Chen, 2007 ...
... silencing pathways has only been partially elucidated for RDR6 and RDR2. A term favoured for noncharacterized RNA inducers of silencing is that of ‘aberrant’ RNA, where aberrancy may be a qualitative feature (problematic 3 or 5 ends, secondary structure etc.) (Herr et al., 2006; Luo and Chen, 2007 ...
RNA interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. Historically, it was known by other names, including co-suppression, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and quelling. Only after these apparently unrelated processes were fully understood did it become clear that they all described the RNAi phenomenon. Andrew Fire and Craig C. Mello shared the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on RNA interference in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which they published in 1998.Two types of small ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules – microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) – are central to RNA interference. RNAs are the direct products of genes, and these small RNAs can bind to other specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules and either increase or decrease their activity, for example by preventing an mRNA from producing a protein. RNA interference has an important role in defending cells against parasitic nucleotide sequences – viruses and transposons. It also influences development.The RNAi pathway is found in many eukaryotes, including animals, and is initiated by the enzyme Dicer, which cleaves long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules into short double-stranded fragments of ~20 nucleotide siRNAs. Each siRNA is unwound into two single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs), the passenger strand and the guide strand. The passenger strand is degraded and the guide strand is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The most well-studied outcome is post-transcriptional gene silencing, which occurs when the guide strand pairs with a complementary sequence in a messenger RNA molecule and induces cleavage by Argonaute, the catalytic component of the RISC complex. In some organisms, this process spreads systemically, despite the initially limited molar concentrations of siRNA.RNAi is a valuable research tool, both in cell culture and in living organisms, because synthetic dsRNA introduced into cells can selectively and robustly induce suppression of specific genes of interest. RNAi may be used for large-scale screens that systematically shut down each gene in the cell, which can help to identify the components necessary for a particular cellular process or an event such as cell division. The pathway is also used as a practical tool in biotechnology, medicine and insecticides.