Functional analyses of genetic pathways controlling
... sufficient to rescue stamen, but not petal, identity in Arabidopsis (Lamb and Irish, 2003). By contrast, other studies have shown that ectopic overexpression of a monocot paleoAP3 gene can rescue both petal and stamen development, suggesting that levels of paleoAP3 gene expression might be important ...
... sufficient to rescue stamen, but not petal, identity in Arabidopsis (Lamb and Irish, 2003). By contrast, other studies have shown that ectopic overexpression of a monocot paleoAP3 gene can rescue both petal and stamen development, suggesting that levels of paleoAP3 gene expression might be important ...
Phylogenetic Affinity of Mitochondria of Euglena
... RNA molecules called guide RNAs mediate the uridine insertion/deletion type of RNA editing (Simpson et al. 1993). It is known that these guide RNA molecules can be capped in vitro with guanylyl transferase and GTP (Blum and Simpson 1990). To search for similar RNA species in E. gracilis mitochondria ...
... RNA molecules called guide RNAs mediate the uridine insertion/deletion type of RNA editing (Simpson et al. 1993). It is known that these guide RNA molecules can be capped in vitro with guanylyl transferase and GTP (Blum and Simpson 1990). To search for similar RNA species in E. gracilis mitochondria ...
RNA Amplification and cDNA Synthesis for qRT
... resuspension for 1 minute. The cell lysates were placed on ice. RNA amplification and cDNA synthesis The MessageBOOSTER Kit reaction was performed directly in the cell lysates. As shown in Fig. 1, an oligo(dT) primer containing a T7 promoter and MMLV Reverse Transcriptase were used to synthesize fir ...
... resuspension for 1 minute. The cell lysates were placed on ice. RNA amplification and cDNA synthesis The MessageBOOSTER Kit reaction was performed directly in the cell lysates. As shown in Fig. 1, an oligo(dT) primer containing a T7 promoter and MMLV Reverse Transcriptase were used to synthesize fir ...
shRNA FAQ - Functional Genomics Facility
... stable transfection of the shRNA as well as production of lentiviral particles. Stable gene silencing is selected using the puromycinselectable marker while self-inactivating replication incompetent viral particles can be produced in packaging cells (HEK293T) by cotransfection with compatible packag ...
... stable transfection of the shRNA as well as production of lentiviral particles. Stable gene silencing is selected using the puromycinselectable marker while self-inactivating replication incompetent viral particles can be produced in packaging cells (HEK293T) by cotransfection with compatible packag ...
History and Function
... phosphodiester on the 3’-side of a pyrimidine residue ONE-DIMENSIONAL DIFFUSION The abilitiy to diffuse in one dimension can accelerate the formation of a site-specific interaction within a linear biopolymer by up to 103fold. Such facilitated diffusion is used by transcription factors and restrictio ...
... phosphodiester on the 3’-side of a pyrimidine residue ONE-DIMENSIONAL DIFFUSION The abilitiy to diffuse in one dimension can accelerate the formation of a site-specific interaction within a linear biopolymer by up to 103fold. Such facilitated diffusion is used by transcription factors and restrictio ...
Full-Text PDF
... together and where their separate abilities not only reinforced each other’s survival, but allowed life to more quickly climb the ladder of complexity. Essential for our approach is the following: Starting with small molecules (easily) derived from prebiotic chemistry, we will try to reconstruct a p ...
... together and where their separate abilities not only reinforced each other’s survival, but allowed life to more quickly climb the ladder of complexity. Essential for our approach is the following: Starting with small molecules (easily) derived from prebiotic chemistry, we will try to reconstruct a p ...
Dissecting the protein–RNA interface
... package was used to select a single structure with the best resolution in cases where proteins in different complexes had >30% sequence identity (with all other options set to their default) (11). After processing with PISCES, 122 non-redundant complexes were obtained. It was necessary to distinguis ...
... package was used to select a single structure with the best resolution in cases where proteins in different complexes had >30% sequence identity (with all other options set to their default) (11). After processing with PISCES, 122 non-redundant complexes were obtained. It was necessary to distinguis ...
Imprinted gene detection in Arabidopsis thaliana
... information about the parental origin of alleles to the offspring, and, depending on the gene, restrict its expression (transcription into mRNA) to only either the maternally or the paternally inherited alleles. Imprinted genes of the former category are called maternally expressed, while the latter ...
... information about the parental origin of alleles to the offspring, and, depending on the gene, restrict its expression (transcription into mRNA) to only either the maternally or the paternally inherited alleles. Imprinted genes of the former category are called maternally expressed, while the latter ...
Genetics ppt 1
... Codons: Triplets of Bases • The flow of information from gene to protein is based on a triplet code: a series of nonoverlapping, three-nucleotide words • These triplets are the smallest units of uniform length that can code for all the amino acids • Example: AGT at a particular position on a DNA st ...
... Codons: Triplets of Bases • The flow of information from gene to protein is based on a triplet code: a series of nonoverlapping, three-nucleotide words • These triplets are the smallest units of uniform length that can code for all the amino acids • Example: AGT at a particular position on a DNA st ...
Sequences 5` to Translation Start Regulate
... show a high level of nucleotide sequence homology among all petunia rbcS genes are hatched. Experiments described in the preceding paper (Dean et al., 1989) using fusions between SSU301 and SSU911 showed that sequences downstream of the coding region contribute significantly to the quantitative diff ...
... show a high level of nucleotide sequence homology among all petunia rbcS genes are hatched. Experiments described in the preceding paper (Dean et al., 1989) using fusions between SSU301 and SSU911 showed that sequences downstream of the coding region contribute significantly to the quantitative diff ...
Nuclear–chloroplast
... genes. Although little is known about the splicing machinery of the plastid introns, nuclear mutants such as ac20, crs1 and crs2 [11,12] have indicated an essential, or at least a direct, role for nuclear factors in mRNA splicing. It has been shown that RNA editing is involved in producing a functio ...
... genes. Although little is known about the splicing machinery of the plastid introns, nuclear mutants such as ac20, crs1 and crs2 [11,12] have indicated an essential, or at least a direct, role for nuclear factors in mRNA splicing. It has been shown that RNA editing is involved in producing a functio ...
Crystal Structures of Two Viral IRES RNA Domains Bound to the
... normal growth under physiological conditions as well as responses to internal or external stresses. Viruses do not have their own translation apparatus and have to use the host’s ribosome to synthesize their viral proteins. During viral infections, host cells down-regulate capdependent initiation as ...
... normal growth under physiological conditions as well as responses to internal or external stresses. Viruses do not have their own translation apparatus and have to use the host’s ribosome to synthesize their viral proteins. During viral infections, host cells down-regulate capdependent initiation as ...
Chapter 8
... Activity of any given enhancer is specific for the promoter of its target gene. Specificity is maintained partly by insulators, which divide chromosomes into independent domains and prevent enhancers from acting on promoters located in an adjacent domain. ...
... Activity of any given enhancer is specific for the promoter of its target gene. Specificity is maintained partly by insulators, which divide chromosomes into independent domains and prevent enhancers from acting on promoters located in an adjacent domain. ...
Initiation of transcription by Pol II Separate basal and activated
... Activated transcription by Pol II enhancers are sequences 5’ to TATAA transcriptional activators bind them • have distinct DNA binding and activation domains • activation domain interacts with mediator • helps assemble initiation complex on TATAA ...
... Activated transcription by Pol II enhancers are sequences 5’ to TATAA transcriptional activators bind them • have distinct DNA binding and activation domains • activation domain interacts with mediator • helps assemble initiation complex on TATAA ...
Transcription Translation 2017 p2.notebook
... a. facilitate the export of mRNA from nucleus b. protect mRNA from attack from cellular enzymes c. help ribosome bind to mRNA 4. RNA Splicing: process where introns are removed and exons are adhered together a. intron: non coded regions b. exons: coding regions (will be translated) c. ...
... a. facilitate the export of mRNA from nucleus b. protect mRNA from attack from cellular enzymes c. help ribosome bind to mRNA 4. RNA Splicing: process where introns are removed and exons are adhered together a. intron: non coded regions b. exons: coding regions (will be translated) c. ...
E NEWS -
... between different species conducted by a team of scientists from Vanderbilt University and Portland State University in Oregon. The researchers were investigating a gene that produces a type of enzyme found in tears, saliva, milk and mucus called a lysozyme. This particular lysozyme possesses broad- ...
... between different species conducted by a team of scientists from Vanderbilt University and Portland State University in Oregon. The researchers were investigating a gene that produces a type of enzyme found in tears, saliva, milk and mucus called a lysozyme. This particular lysozyme possesses broad- ...
The complete nucleotide sequence of the chick a
... t h i s heating step s u b s t a n t i a l l y improved the resolution of individual bands over background in the sequence l a d d e r . ...
... t h i s heating step s u b s t a n t i a l l y improved the resolution of individual bands over background in the sequence l a d d e r . ...
A Conserved Molecular Framework for Compound Leaf Development
... ChCUC3). Distinction between members of the two clades extends outside the NAC domain as all members of the NAM clade contained a putative binding site for miR164, which was absent in the members of the CUC3 clade. The predicted PsNAM1 and PsNAM2 proteins showed 95.2% similarity suggesting that they ...
... ChCUC3). Distinction between members of the two clades extends outside the NAC domain as all members of the NAM clade contained a putative binding site for miR164, which was absent in the members of the CUC3 clade. The predicted PsNAM1 and PsNAM2 proteins showed 95.2% similarity suggesting that they ...
The expression of a chromoplast-specific lycopene beta cyclase
... strongly in flower stigmas where it activates and boosts b-carotene accumulation. The CstLcyB1 transcript, however, was present in leaves, tepals, and stigmas at lower levels. In vivo assays in transgenic Arabidopsis demonstrated lycopene b-cyclase activity of CstLcyB2a. CstLcyB2a is a CstLcyB1 para ...
... strongly in flower stigmas where it activates and boosts b-carotene accumulation. The CstLcyB1 transcript, however, was present in leaves, tepals, and stigmas at lower levels. In vivo assays in transgenic Arabidopsis demonstrated lycopene b-cyclase activity of CstLcyB2a. CstLcyB2a is a CstLcyB1 para ...
manual HiScribe T7 In Vitro Transcription Kit E2030
... Why cloned templates have to be linearized prior to transcription? Why can't I simply transcribe the circular plasmid containing my target sequence? T7 RNA Polymerase is an extremely processive enzyme, and will continue to transcribe around a circular template multiple times without disassociating, ...
... Why cloned templates have to be linearized prior to transcription? Why can't I simply transcribe the circular plasmid containing my target sequence? T7 RNA Polymerase is an extremely processive enzyme, and will continue to transcribe around a circular template multiple times without disassociating, ...
Supplemental Information
... coli or S. venezuelae RNA if active nuclease P1 was omitted, or if active nuclease P1 treatment was replaced with incubation in formamide and/or 10 mM EDTA at 95°C, conditions expected to abrogate RNA secondary structure. These results suggest that the species in Supplementary Fig. 5 arise from nucl ...
... coli or S. venezuelae RNA if active nuclease P1 was omitted, or if active nuclease P1 treatment was replaced with incubation in formamide and/or 10 mM EDTA at 95°C, conditions expected to abrogate RNA secondary structure. These results suggest that the species in Supplementary Fig. 5 arise from nucl ...
Epigenetic inheritance of expression states in plant development
... Polycomb group (PcG) proteins maintain a repressed state of gene expression over many cell divisions. The recent characterisation of several PcG proteins from plants revealed a remarkable structural and functional conservation of PcG proteins between different kingdoms. In both plants and animals, h ...
... Polycomb group (PcG) proteins maintain a repressed state of gene expression over many cell divisions. The recent characterisation of several PcG proteins from plants revealed a remarkable structural and functional conservation of PcG proteins between different kingdoms. In both plants and animals, h ...
mRNA Export - e
... The finding that TREX components ALY and THOC5 selectively export transcripts encoding proteins that mediate such essential emergency responses as DNA repair by homologous recombination and the heat shock response emphasizes the importance of selective mRNA export for cell survival. Whereas THOC2 an ...
... The finding that TREX components ALY and THOC5 selectively export transcripts encoding proteins that mediate such essential emergency responses as DNA repair by homologous recombination and the heat shock response emphasizes the importance of selective mRNA export for cell survival. Whereas THOC2 an ...
Plant/Fungi Total RNA Purification 96-Well Kit
... Norgen’s Plant/Fungi Total RNA Purification 96-Well Kit provides a rapid method for the highthroughput isolation of total RNA from plants and fungi. The RNA is preferentially purified from other cellular components such as proteins, without the use of phenol or chloroform. The purified RNA is of the ...
... Norgen’s Plant/Fungi Total RNA Purification 96-Well Kit provides a rapid method for the highthroughput isolation of total RNA from plants and fungi. The RNA is preferentially purified from other cellular components such as proteins, without the use of phenol or chloroform. The purified RNA is of the ...
tRNA Core Hypothesis for the Transition from the RNA World to the
... by complementarity between nucleotides. Amino acids in prebiotic conditions were abundant, but their incorporation to primitive forms of life should have been dependent on the chemical interaction with the ribozymes, which introduced a compositional bias induced by hydropathic correlations between a ...
... by complementarity between nucleotides. Amino acids in prebiotic conditions were abundant, but their incorporation to primitive forms of life should have been dependent on the chemical interaction with the ribozymes, which introduced a compositional bias induced by hydropathic correlations between a ...
RNA interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. Historically, it was known by other names, including co-suppression, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and quelling. Only after these apparently unrelated processes were fully understood did it become clear that they all described the RNAi phenomenon. Andrew Fire and Craig C. Mello shared the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on RNA interference in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which they published in 1998.Two types of small ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules – microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) – are central to RNA interference. RNAs are the direct products of genes, and these small RNAs can bind to other specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules and either increase or decrease their activity, for example by preventing an mRNA from producing a protein. RNA interference has an important role in defending cells against parasitic nucleotide sequences – viruses and transposons. It also influences development.The RNAi pathway is found in many eukaryotes, including animals, and is initiated by the enzyme Dicer, which cleaves long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules into short double-stranded fragments of ~20 nucleotide siRNAs. Each siRNA is unwound into two single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs), the passenger strand and the guide strand. The passenger strand is degraded and the guide strand is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The most well-studied outcome is post-transcriptional gene silencing, which occurs when the guide strand pairs with a complementary sequence in a messenger RNA molecule and induces cleavage by Argonaute, the catalytic component of the RISC complex. In some organisms, this process spreads systemically, despite the initially limited molar concentrations of siRNA.RNAi is a valuable research tool, both in cell culture and in living organisms, because synthetic dsRNA introduced into cells can selectively and robustly induce suppression of specific genes of interest. RNAi may be used for large-scale screens that systematically shut down each gene in the cell, which can help to identify the components necessary for a particular cellular process or an event such as cell division. The pathway is also used as a practical tool in biotechnology, medicine and insecticides.