Novel In Vitro Method for Screening Inhibitors of Protein Translation
... and IRES- Red Firefly (RFF) mRNA’s were simultaneously expressed in IVT, TLuc expression was again inhibited by m7GDP, whereas RFF expression was unaffected, suggesting specificity of m7GDP inhibition towards capped mRNA’s. IRES-RFF mRNA expression in these experiments could potentially serve as int ...
... and IRES- Red Firefly (RFF) mRNA’s were simultaneously expressed in IVT, TLuc expression was again inhibited by m7GDP, whereas RFF expression was unaffected, suggesting specificity of m7GDP inhibition towards capped mRNA’s. IRES-RFF mRNA expression in these experiments could potentially serve as int ...
Pleiotropic control of glucose and hormone responses by PRL1, a
... be active in prl1, but not in wild-type plants grown in the absence of cytokinin. The sucrose synthase (SUS1), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), anionic peroxidase (PERA), and peroxidase C (PERC) genes showed derepression in the absence and enhanced induction in the presence of cytokinin in prl1, but the ...
... be active in prl1, but not in wild-type plants grown in the absence of cytokinin. The sucrose synthase (SUS1), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), anionic peroxidase (PERA), and peroxidase C (PERC) genes showed derepression in the absence and enhanced induction in the presence of cytokinin in prl1, but the ...
Trends in Plant Science
... tories using different mutant screens identified pers. commun.; H. Kim and T. Delaney, unpubSAR activation additional mutant alleles at this locus6,7. lished). These findings suggest that NIM1/NPR1 In the early 1990s, Arabidopsis thaliana The NIM1/NPR1 gene was cloned inde- and bZIP transcription fa ...
... tories using different mutant screens identified pers. commun.; H. Kim and T. Delaney, unpubSAR activation additional mutant alleles at this locus6,7. lished). These findings suggest that NIM1/NPR1 In the early 1990s, Arabidopsis thaliana The NIM1/NPR1 gene was cloned inde- and bZIP transcription fa ...
Brooker Chapter 12 - Volunteer State Community College
... gene expression Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
... gene expression Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
TAR-RNA binding by HIV-1 Tat protein is
... that SELEX can be a powerful tool for the selection of nucleic acid sequences having very high affinity for a variety of biological molecules, including HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (43). Nolte’s 38mer L-RNA, originally developed as a ligand for L-arginine, is sequence-wise unrelated to TAR and binds ...
... that SELEX can be a powerful tool for the selection of nucleic acid sequences having very high affinity for a variety of biological molecules, including HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (43). Nolte’s 38mer L-RNA, originally developed as a ligand for L-arginine, is sequence-wise unrelated to TAR and binds ...
GENE REGULATION AT THE PROMOTER LEVEL
... region of the gene actually does cause the change in shape of the DNA strand seen in this diagram, but not in the previous diagram.) That other regulatory sequence is called the CAP site. cAMP = cyclic AMP; CAP = cAMP activator protein; CAP site = DNA site where CAP binds Here is how it all works: ( ...
... region of the gene actually does cause the change in shape of the DNA strand seen in this diagram, but not in the previous diagram.) That other regulatory sequence is called the CAP site. cAMP = cyclic AMP; CAP = cAMP activator protein; CAP site = DNA site where CAP binds Here is how it all works: ( ...
Disruption of the Rice Plastid Ribosomal Protein S20 Leads to
... The asl1 mutant is an albino, seedling-lethal mutant isolated from japonica rice Jiahua1 irradiated with 60Co gamma rays. Although asl1 seeds germinated, all leaves of mutant plants exhibited an albino phenotype (Figure 1A) and the seedlings did not survive past the fourleaf stage (Figure 1B). In ad ...
... The asl1 mutant is an albino, seedling-lethal mutant isolated from japonica rice Jiahua1 irradiated with 60Co gamma rays. Although asl1 seeds germinated, all leaves of mutant plants exhibited an albino phenotype (Figure 1A) and the seedlings did not survive past the fourleaf stage (Figure 1B). In ad ...
Slide 1
... Most of the work of making RNA takes place during transcription. During transcription, segments of DNA serve as templates to produce complementary RNA molecules. The base sequences of the transcribed RNA complement the base sequences of the template DNA. In prokaryotes, RNA synthesis and protein syn ...
... Most of the work of making RNA takes place during transcription. During transcription, segments of DNA serve as templates to produce complementary RNA molecules. The base sequences of the transcribed RNA complement the base sequences of the template DNA. In prokaryotes, RNA synthesis and protein syn ...
RNA and Protein Synthesis
... RNA Editing Like a writer’s first draft, RNA molecules sometimes require a bit of editing before they are ready to be read. These pre-mRNA molecules have bits and pieces cut out of them before they can go into action. The portions that are cut out and discarded are called introns. In eukaryotes, intr ...
... RNA Editing Like a writer’s first draft, RNA molecules sometimes require a bit of editing before they are ready to be read. These pre-mRNA molecules have bits and pieces cut out of them before they can go into action. The portions that are cut out and discarded are called introns. In eukaryotes, intr ...
Identification and Analysis of Dicer Associated Proteins in
... mechanism of miRNA-mediated repression. Different models were proposed, supporting the idea of translational repression either at the level of initiation or at a post-initiation level. In addition, there is evidence for miRNA-induced mRNA degradation that occurs independently of Agos’ RNase H activi ...
... mechanism of miRNA-mediated repression. Different models were proposed, supporting the idea of translational repression either at the level of initiation or at a post-initiation level. In addition, there is evidence for miRNA-induced mRNA degradation that occurs independently of Agos’ RNase H activi ...
Document
... DNA contains the information needed to make proteins. However, DNA is too large to leave the nucleus. RNA acts as a set of working instructions for ribosomes to make proteins. This process is also known as gene expression. Gene expression is a regulated process. ...
... DNA contains the information needed to make proteins. However, DNA is too large to leave the nucleus. RNA acts as a set of working instructions for ribosomes to make proteins. This process is also known as gene expression. Gene expression is a regulated process. ...
488KB - The Doudna Lab - University of California, Berkeley
... The positioning loop in Dicer is structurally analogous to RNA- the bulged substrate were slightly enriched in 25-nt fragments relative binding motif 4 (RBM4) in bacterial RNase III, which has also to 11- and 12-nt fragments, suggesting that the bulge causes Dicer been implicated in substrate bindin ...
... The positioning loop in Dicer is structurally analogous to RNA- the bulged substrate were slightly enriched in 25-nt fragments relative binding motif 4 (RBM4) in bacterial RNase III, which has also to 11- and 12-nt fragments, suggesting that the bulge causes Dicer been implicated in substrate bindin ...
Monoallelic Expression and Dominance
... S haplotype by allowing pollen of the recessive genotype to elude the S haplotype-specific stigmatic surveillance mediated by SRK. In fact, “pollenrecessive” alleles attain high frequencies in populations (Uyenoyama, 2000). Elucidation of the molecular basis of S haplotype recessiveness in pollen is ...
... S haplotype by allowing pollen of the recessive genotype to elude the S haplotype-specific stigmatic surveillance mediated by SRK. In fact, “pollenrecessive” alleles attain high frequencies in populations (Uyenoyama, 2000). Elucidation of the molecular basis of S haplotype recessiveness in pollen is ...
Full Text - Genome Biology and Evolution
... evolution, the incorporation of viral genes into the genome benefited placental development. This can be supported by the differences in morphological diversity observed in mammalian placentas: discoid placenta for humans, mice, and rabbits; zonary placenta for carnivores; cotyledonary placenta for ...
... evolution, the incorporation of viral genes into the genome benefited placental development. This can be supported by the differences in morphological diversity observed in mammalian placentas: discoid placenta for humans, mice, and rabbits; zonary placenta for carnivores; cotyledonary placenta for ...
The structure of RNase E at the core of the RNA
... described in the main text. Phe67, Phe57 and Lys112 of the S1 domain form a basesequestering pocket, and substitution of any of these with Ala was found to abolish catalytic activity of RNase E in vivo15. These observations corroborate the in vitro observations of Diwa and Belasco16. An analysis of ...
... described in the main text. Phe67, Phe57 and Lys112 of the S1 domain form a basesequestering pocket, and substitution of any of these with Ala was found to abolish catalytic activity of RNase E in vivo15. These observations corroborate the in vitro observations of Diwa and Belasco16. An analysis of ...
Turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA can be separated into two distinct
... infection . In the case of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) it has been shewn that the functional message for coat protein synthesis is a small RNA (the IMC) which is produced in vivo from the fullilength RNA of the virion by either specific cleavage or partial transcription . Although the full-length RNA ...
... infection . In the case of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) it has been shewn that the functional message for coat protein synthesis is a small RNA (the IMC) which is produced in vivo from the fullilength RNA of the virion by either specific cleavage or partial transcription . Although the full-length RNA ...
A Small GTPase of the Rab Family Is Required for Root Hair
... aligned with Rab11 sequences from other legumes and the two members of Arabidopsis with the highest sequence similarity (see Supplemental Figure 1B online). Protein sequences are highly conserved among species, with 97% sequence similarity between the common bean and soybean members. Sequence motifs ...
... aligned with Rab11 sequences from other legumes and the two members of Arabidopsis with the highest sequence similarity (see Supplemental Figure 1B online). Protein sequences are highly conserved among species, with 97% sequence similarity between the common bean and soybean members. Sequence motifs ...
RiboMAX(TM) Large Scale RNA Production Systems
... In vitro transcription reactions are used to synthesize microgram amounts of RNA probes from recombinant DNA templates. Most transcription reactions designed to generate RNA probes are optimized to maximize incorporation of radiolabeled ribonucleotides rather than to produce large amounts of RNA. Ho ...
... In vitro transcription reactions are used to synthesize microgram amounts of RNA probes from recombinant DNA templates. Most transcription reactions designed to generate RNA probes are optimized to maximize incorporation of radiolabeled ribonucleotides rather than to produce large amounts of RNA. Ho ...
Translation: RNA-protein
... – nearly universal: shared by the simplest bacteria, plants, fungi and animals ...
... – nearly universal: shared by the simplest bacteria, plants, fungi and animals ...
Vital Genes in the Heterochromatin of
... degenerate transposons. Moreover, about one hundred predicted genes that escaped previous genetic analyses have been associated with the proximal regions of chromosome arms but it remains to be determined how many of these genes are actually located within the heterochromatin. In this overview, we p ...
... degenerate transposons. Moreover, about one hundred predicted genes that escaped previous genetic analyses have been associated with the proximal regions of chromosome arms but it remains to be determined how many of these genes are actually located within the heterochromatin. In this overview, we p ...
Looking at Kaposi`s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus–host
... Moreover, they demonstrated that the tumor suppressor miRNAs in the let-7 family and miR-220/221 are downregulated in KSHV-associated cancers, including PEL and KS (O’Hara et al., ...
... Moreover, they demonstrated that the tumor suppressor miRNAs in the let-7 family and miR-220/221 are downregulated in KSHV-associated cancers, including PEL and KS (O’Hara et al., ...
Identification of a novel testis‐specific gene and its potential roles in
... ent organs and tissues is based primarily on differential gene expression. While “housekeeping genes” that contribute to basic structural or metabolic cellular functions are expressed ubiquitously throughout the body, “tissuespecific” genes that contribute to specialized functions in differentiated ...
... ent organs and tissues is based primarily on differential gene expression. While “housekeeping genes” that contribute to basic structural or metabolic cellular functions are expressed ubiquitously throughout the body, “tissuespecific” genes that contribute to specialized functions in differentiated ...
Chapter 10 - Everglades High School
... Intervening DNA in Eukaryotic Genes • In eukaryotes, many genes are interrupted by introns—long segments of nucleotides that have no coding information. • Exons are the portions of a gene that are translated (expressed) into proteins. • After a eukaryotic gene is transcribed, the introns in the resu ...
... Intervening DNA in Eukaryotic Genes • In eukaryotes, many genes are interrupted by introns—long segments of nucleotides that have no coding information. • Exons are the portions of a gene that are translated (expressed) into proteins. • After a eukaryotic gene is transcribed, the introns in the resu ...
Ribosome stalls at trp codons, allowing 2+3 pairing Transcription
... Enzymes acting in pathway to produce tryptophan. Gene order correlates with order of reactions in pathway. Premature termination of transcription when trp levels are high ...
... Enzymes acting in pathway to produce tryptophan. Gene order correlates with order of reactions in pathway. Premature termination of transcription when trp levels are high ...
RNA interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. Historically, it was known by other names, including co-suppression, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and quelling. Only after these apparently unrelated processes were fully understood did it become clear that they all described the RNAi phenomenon. Andrew Fire and Craig C. Mello shared the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on RNA interference in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which they published in 1998.Two types of small ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules – microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) – are central to RNA interference. RNAs are the direct products of genes, and these small RNAs can bind to other specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules and either increase or decrease their activity, for example by preventing an mRNA from producing a protein. RNA interference has an important role in defending cells against parasitic nucleotide sequences – viruses and transposons. It also influences development.The RNAi pathway is found in many eukaryotes, including animals, and is initiated by the enzyme Dicer, which cleaves long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules into short double-stranded fragments of ~20 nucleotide siRNAs. Each siRNA is unwound into two single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs), the passenger strand and the guide strand. The passenger strand is degraded and the guide strand is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The most well-studied outcome is post-transcriptional gene silencing, which occurs when the guide strand pairs with a complementary sequence in a messenger RNA molecule and induces cleavage by Argonaute, the catalytic component of the RISC complex. In some organisms, this process spreads systemically, despite the initially limited molar concentrations of siRNA.RNAi is a valuable research tool, both in cell culture and in living organisms, because synthetic dsRNA introduced into cells can selectively and robustly induce suppression of specific genes of interest. RNAi may be used for large-scale screens that systematically shut down each gene in the cell, which can help to identify the components necessary for a particular cellular process or an event such as cell division. The pathway is also used as a practical tool in biotechnology, medicine and insecticides.