Novel Function of the Eukaryotic Polypeptide
... carboxy-terminal domains 2 and 3 failed to bind eRF1. Moreover, GSPT/eRF3 lacking the unique amino-terminal region could bind to RF1, indicating that the carboxyterminal site of the EF1α-like domain (presumably domains 2 and 3) constitutes an eRF1-binding region. This is consistent with the finding ...
... carboxy-terminal domains 2 and 3 failed to bind eRF1. Moreover, GSPT/eRF3 lacking the unique amino-terminal region could bind to RF1, indicating that the carboxyterminal site of the EF1α-like domain (presumably domains 2 and 3) constitutes an eRF1-binding region. This is consistent with the finding ...
Is targeted modification of cytokinin regulatory gene activity in Rapid
... IPT gene family member warrants further investigation. Increased longevity of leaves is considered a target for increasing seed yield (Ma et al., 2008), but source leaves do need to senesce to provide resource for the developing pods and seeds. Consequently, selecting plants with increased IPT3 expr ...
... IPT gene family member warrants further investigation. Increased longevity of leaves is considered a target for increasing seed yield (Ma et al., 2008), but source leaves do need to senesce to provide resource for the developing pods and seeds. Consequently, selecting plants with increased IPT3 expr ...
Transcription - Shippensburg University
... Codons: Triplets of Bases • The flow of information from gene to protein is based on a triplet code: a series of nonoverlapping, three-nucleotide words • These triplets are the smallest units of uniform length that can code for all the amino acids • Example: AGT at a particular position on a DNA st ...
... Codons: Triplets of Bases • The flow of information from gene to protein is based on a triplet code: a series of nonoverlapping, three-nucleotide words • These triplets are the smallest units of uniform length that can code for all the amino acids • Example: AGT at a particular position on a DNA st ...
VIRUS STRUCTURE
... types on the basis of their capsid architecture as revealed by electron microscopy and a technique called x-ray ...
... types on the basis of their capsid architecture as revealed by electron microscopy and a technique called x-ray ...
Document
... Okay now you have a nucleotide. Nucleotides form nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides. You put each nucleotide linked together to get a polymer. This polymer of nucleotides is a nucleic acid. The nucleotide is linked 3’-5’ by phosphodiester bridge. It is fused from 3’-5’. ...
... Okay now you have a nucleotide. Nucleotides form nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides. You put each nucleotide linked together to get a polymer. This polymer of nucleotides is a nucleic acid. The nucleotide is linked 3’-5’ by phosphodiester bridge. It is fused from 3’-5’. ...
Lesson Overview
... In transcription, segments of DNA serve as templates to produce complementary RNA molecules. The base sequences of the transcribed RNA complement the base sequences of the template DNA. ...
... In transcription, segments of DNA serve as templates to produce complementary RNA molecules. The base sequences of the transcribed RNA complement the base sequences of the template DNA. ...
Supplementary Information - Word file (63 KB )
... intron". It is expected to cause retention of this intron, and hence premature translation termination of EGFL7 at amino acid 69. Red triangle = an intron upstream of the targeted exon. Randomized controls for the two antisense oligos are: Con-47 =5'-ACGACGGTCACGATGAATGGAGAGT-3' Con195=5'-CATTGTTCAT ...
... intron". It is expected to cause retention of this intron, and hence premature translation termination of EGFL7 at amino acid 69. Red triangle = an intron upstream of the targeted exon. Randomized controls for the two antisense oligos are: Con-47 =5'-ACGACGGTCACGATGAATGGAGAGT-3' Con195=5'-CATTGTTCAT ...
Posttranscriptional Control of Chloroplast Gene Expression
... chloroplast mRNA. A particularly striking example is provided by the genetic analysis of the maturation of the psaA mRNA of Chlamydomonas, a process that requires at least 14 nuclear loci. If these findings are extrapolated to the entire chloroplast genome with a total number of approximately 120 ge ...
... chloroplast mRNA. A particularly striking example is provided by the genetic analysis of the maturation of the psaA mRNA of Chlamydomonas, a process that requires at least 14 nuclear loci. If these findings are extrapolated to the entire chloroplast genome with a total number of approximately 120 ge ...
Transcriptional Repression of Hox Genes by C. elegans HP1/HPL
... play central roles in the formation of higher-order chromatin structure and gene expression. Recent studies have shown a physical interaction between H1 and HP1; however, the biological role of histone H1 and HP1 is not well understood. Additionally, the function of HP1 and H1 isoform interactions i ...
... play central roles in the formation of higher-order chromatin structure and gene expression. Recent studies have shown a physical interaction between H1 and HP1; however, the biological role of histone H1 and HP1 is not well understood. Additionally, the function of HP1 and H1 isoform interactions i ...
... To determine the identity of the eDNA inserts, they were subcloned into pGEM-4Z plasmid vector and sequenced from both orientations using the dideoxy chain termination method [19]. A search of the gene data bank revealed extensive sequence homology between one of the inserts and the L-chain inhibito ...
Molecular Physiological Analysis of the Two Plastidic ATP/ADP
... similar biochemical properties. To analyze the function of both isoforms on the molecular level, we examined the expression pattern of both genes by northern-blot analysis and promoter-b-glucuronidase fusions. AtNTT1 represents a sugar-induced gene mainly expressed in stem and roots, whereas AtNTT2 ...
... similar biochemical properties. To analyze the function of both isoforms on the molecular level, we examined the expression pattern of both genes by northern-blot analysis and promoter-b-glucuronidase fusions. AtNTT1 represents a sugar-induced gene mainly expressed in stem and roots, whereas AtNTT2 ...
Darnell, JC, Warren, ST and Darnell, RB: The fragile X mental retardation protein, FMRP, recognizes G-quartets. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 10:49-52 (2004).
... of the protein, which revealed that the FMRP harbors several RNA-binding motifs [Ashley et al., 1993; Gibson et al., 1993; Siomi et al., 1993]. These include two tandem KH domains, so named for their homology to the RNA-binding protein hnRNP-K, and a less well-defined element consisting of repeats of ...
... of the protein, which revealed that the FMRP harbors several RNA-binding motifs [Ashley et al., 1993; Gibson et al., 1993; Siomi et al., 1993]. These include two tandem KH domains, so named for their homology to the RNA-binding protein hnRNP-K, and a less well-defined element consisting of repeats of ...
Drosophila genome takes flight
... design of specific genetic screens to disrupt gene X and its homologue(s). Information obtained from the genome will also lead to the development of new approaches in functional genomics. In particular, the identification of all transcriptional units will allow the construction of a complete Drosoph ...
... design of specific genetic screens to disrupt gene X and its homologue(s). Information obtained from the genome will also lead to the development of new approaches in functional genomics. In particular, the identification of all transcriptional units will allow the construction of a complete Drosoph ...
Chapter 3 Kinetic analysis of ribozyme cleavage
... in trans by adding an oligomer containing the 5 -portion of the strand and the scissile phosphate. This recombinant approach is general and can transform single-turnover ribozymes into true enzymes that turnover substrate. Therapeutic applications are then possible; for example, the substrate could ...
... in trans by adding an oligomer containing the 5 -portion of the strand and the scissile phosphate. This recombinant approach is general and can transform single-turnover ribozymes into true enzymes that turnover substrate. Therapeutic applications are then possible; for example, the substrate could ...
Androgenic control of nucleic acid and protein synthesis in male
... those employed in comparable investiga- cholesterol into both androgenic and estrotions on the action of estrogenic hormones genic steroids, as well as adrenocortical on various structures in the female genital hormones. tract. (Comparatively little attention has ( 2 ) Whereas estrogenic activity is ...
... those employed in comparable investiga- cholesterol into both androgenic and estrotions on the action of estrogenic hormones genic steroids, as well as adrenocortical on various structures in the female genital hormones. tract. (Comparatively little attention has ( 2 ) Whereas estrogenic activity is ...
Gene Expression Profiling During Asexual Development of the Late
... reaction assays confirmed the robustness of the array results and showed that similar patterns of differential expression were obtained regardless of whether hyphae were from laboratory media or infected tomato. Differentially expressed genes encode potential cellular regulators, especially protein ...
... reaction assays confirmed the robustness of the array results and showed that similar patterns of differential expression were obtained regardless of whether hyphae were from laboratory media or infected tomato. Differentially expressed genes encode potential cellular regulators, especially protein ...
Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology (2001) 59, 33-43
... In apple, several studies have been reported on PR-10 members, most of them in relation to the allergic nature of these proteins [36, 41]. However, a cDNA named API5, encoding a PR-10 protein and accumulating during fruit ripening was characterized [21], whereas the promoter of the gene encoding API ...
... In apple, several studies have been reported on PR-10 members, most of them in relation to the allergic nature of these proteins [36, 41]. However, a cDNA named API5, encoding a PR-10 protein and accumulating during fruit ripening was characterized [21], whereas the promoter of the gene encoding API ...
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE FUNCTION OF THE DROSOPHILA
... male specific ABD-B in these somatic cells is essential to the development of the male gonad (DeFalco et al., 2003). In males, fertility is dependent on the Jak/Stat pathway expression in the germ cells (Sheng et al., 2009) In the larval stage, sexual differences in the gonad are visible as these ce ...
... male specific ABD-B in these somatic cells is essential to the development of the male gonad (DeFalco et al., 2003). In males, fertility is dependent on the Jak/Stat pathway expression in the germ cells (Sheng et al., 2009) In the larval stage, sexual differences in the gonad are visible as these ce ...
Figure S2 - Development
... rescue anterior terminal defects in terminal class mutants; bcd and the terminal system have common downstream targets) (Schaeffer et al., 2000), zygotic anterior terminal genes are also influenced by bcd. A loss-of-function bcd allele is expected to have different effects on anterior terminal devel ...
... rescue anterior terminal defects in terminal class mutants; bcd and the terminal system have common downstream targets) (Schaeffer et al., 2000), zygotic anterior terminal genes are also influenced by bcd. A loss-of-function bcd allele is expected to have different effects on anterior terminal devel ...
Tobacco TTG2 regulates vegetative growth and seed production via
... seed production, and related physiological responses such as floral anthocyanin synthesis and flower colorization [19]. In contrast, growth and development are greatly enhanced in NtTTG2-overexpressing TTG2+:RFP lines [19], which accumulate the NtTTG2-RFP fusion protein in both the cytoplasm and nuc ...
... seed production, and related physiological responses such as floral anthocyanin synthesis and flower colorization [19]. In contrast, growth and development are greatly enhanced in NtTTG2-overexpressing TTG2+:RFP lines [19], which accumulate the NtTTG2-RFP fusion protein in both the cytoplasm and nuc ...
Epigenetic Inactivation of Chalcone Synthase-A
... of DNA methylation in the affected promoters, as well as changes in histone modification. The siRNAs may also direct DNA methylation in the nucleus (for a review, see Matzke et al. 2004). Like siRNAs, small RNAs called micro RNAs also negatively regulate the expression of endogenous genes through ei ...
... of DNA methylation in the affected promoters, as well as changes in histone modification. The siRNAs may also direct DNA methylation in the nucleus (for a review, see Matzke et al. 2004). Like siRNAs, small RNAs called micro RNAs also negatively regulate the expression of endogenous genes through ei ...
Molecular genetics of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in plants
... from pepper (ref. 5 ) and violaxanthin deepoxidase (VDE) from lettuce (ref. 6 ) . Alternative ways for gene isolation take advantage of various genetic methods that do not rely on protein purification. In the carotenoid biosynthesis field these methods have been utilized first in prokaryotic systems ...
... from pepper (ref. 5 ) and violaxanthin deepoxidase (VDE) from lettuce (ref. 6 ) . Alternative ways for gene isolation take advantage of various genetic methods that do not rely on protein purification. In the carotenoid biosynthesis field these methods have been utilized first in prokaryotic systems ...
Having it both ways: transcription factors that bind DNA and RNA
... transcription factors, but for which subsequent research has shown apparent RNA-binding activities and functions (Table 2). With the expectation that such `moonlighting' by DNA-binding proteins might be more common than previously imagined, we highlight some old and new examples of this phenomenon. ...
... transcription factors, but for which subsequent research has shown apparent RNA-binding activities and functions (Table 2). With the expectation that such `moonlighting' by DNA-binding proteins might be more common than previously imagined, we highlight some old and new examples of this phenomenon. ...
evolution and mechanism of translation in chloroplasts
... Chloroplasts are plant organelles that contain the entire machinery for the process of photosynthesis. In addition, chloroplasts possess their own genome, multiple copies of circular double-stranded DNA molecules, typically 150 kb in size, with over 100 different genes. According to the endosymbioti ...
... Chloroplasts are plant organelles that contain the entire machinery for the process of photosynthesis. In addition, chloroplasts possess their own genome, multiple copies of circular double-stranded DNA molecules, typically 150 kb in size, with over 100 different genes. According to the endosymbioti ...
RNA interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. Historically, it was known by other names, including co-suppression, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and quelling. Only after these apparently unrelated processes were fully understood did it become clear that they all described the RNAi phenomenon. Andrew Fire and Craig C. Mello shared the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on RNA interference in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which they published in 1998.Two types of small ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules – microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) – are central to RNA interference. RNAs are the direct products of genes, and these small RNAs can bind to other specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules and either increase or decrease their activity, for example by preventing an mRNA from producing a protein. RNA interference has an important role in defending cells against parasitic nucleotide sequences – viruses and transposons. It also influences development.The RNAi pathway is found in many eukaryotes, including animals, and is initiated by the enzyme Dicer, which cleaves long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules into short double-stranded fragments of ~20 nucleotide siRNAs. Each siRNA is unwound into two single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs), the passenger strand and the guide strand. The passenger strand is degraded and the guide strand is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The most well-studied outcome is post-transcriptional gene silencing, which occurs when the guide strand pairs with a complementary sequence in a messenger RNA molecule and induces cleavage by Argonaute, the catalytic component of the RISC complex. In some organisms, this process spreads systemically, despite the initially limited molar concentrations of siRNA.RNAi is a valuable research tool, both in cell culture and in living organisms, because synthetic dsRNA introduced into cells can selectively and robustly induce suppression of specific genes of interest. RNAi may be used for large-scale screens that systematically shut down each gene in the cell, which can help to identify the components necessary for a particular cellular process or an event such as cell division. The pathway is also used as a practical tool in biotechnology, medicine and insecticides.