Evaluation of the Water Stress-Inducible
... be responsible for over $10 billion in lost crop yield each year (Xu et al., 2014). It is estimated that by the year 2050, the global demand for crop foods will have increased by 100% (Tilman et al., 2011). Taken together with the effects of climate change, developing crop varieties with greater tol ...
... be responsible for over $10 billion in lost crop yield each year (Xu et al., 2014). It is estimated that by the year 2050, the global demand for crop foods will have increased by 100% (Tilman et al., 2011). Taken together with the effects of climate change, developing crop varieties with greater tol ...
Chapter 12 Recombinant DNA Technology Key Concepts
... gene into amino acid sequence by using the genetic code leads to comparisons with the protein products of known genes; and, from this knowledge, the function of the gene can often be inferred. Function can also be studied by direct modification of part of the gene's DNA sequence followed by the rein ...
... gene into amino acid sequence by using the genetic code leads to comparisons with the protein products of known genes; and, from this knowledge, the function of the gene can often be inferred. Function can also be studied by direct modification of part of the gene's DNA sequence followed by the rein ...
A single splice site mutation in human
... Fig. 1. ARHGAP11A and ARHGAP11B genomic, pre-mRNA, mRNA, and protein structures. (A) Gene structure and genomic context of human ARHGAP11A (top) and ARHGAP11B (bottom). Gray areas indicate the duplicated genomic region (40.642 Mb), which comprises the GOLGA8 and ARHGAP11 genes. Tick marks and number ...
... Fig. 1. ARHGAP11A and ARHGAP11B genomic, pre-mRNA, mRNA, and protein structures. (A) Gene structure and genomic context of human ARHGAP11A (top) and ARHGAP11B (bottom). Gray areas indicate the duplicated genomic region (40.642 Mb), which comprises the GOLGA8 and ARHGAP11 genes. Tick marks and number ...
PTC Genetics Lab Student Worksheet
... DNA coding sequence, the protein produced, and the protein’s function. Any person with a single functional allele can make the PTC receptor protein and therefore can taste the bitterness of PTC. Some studies have shown that when homozygous tasters (who carry two functional alleles) attempt to taste ...
... DNA coding sequence, the protein produced, and the protein’s function. Any person with a single functional allele can make the PTC receptor protein and therefore can taste the bitterness of PTC. Some studies have shown that when homozygous tasters (who carry two functional alleles) attempt to taste ...
DNA Hybridization: A Decade of Molecular Discourse in Hominoid
... gained an appreciation of the research in hominoid phylogeny, prior to the introduction of DNA hybridization. Second, the reader should now have a clear understanding of DNA hybridization. Not only are these points essential for an lillderstanding of any discussion on the contribution ofDNA hybridiz ...
... gained an appreciation of the research in hominoid phylogeny, prior to the introduction of DNA hybridization. Second, the reader should now have a clear understanding of DNA hybridization. Not only are these points essential for an lillderstanding of any discussion on the contribution ofDNA hybridiz ...
An Introduction to Genetic Analysis Chapter 20 Transposable
... mutated to a1, an allele for the colorless phenotype; at another locus, a dominant allele Dt (Dotted) had appeared. The effect of Dt was to produce pigmented dots in the otherwise colorless phenotype of a1/a1 (Figure 20-1). Thus, the original line was very probably A1/A1 ; dt/dt, and the mutations g ...
... mutated to a1, an allele for the colorless phenotype; at another locus, a dominant allele Dt (Dotted) had appeared. The effect of Dt was to produce pigmented dots in the otherwise colorless phenotype of a1/a1 (Figure 20-1). Thus, the original line was very probably A1/A1 ; dt/dt, and the mutations g ...
Molecular Basis of Heredity--ST03 1.2.7
... Systems Approach--ST01, STI02, STI03, & STI04 1. Analyze systems, including inputs and outputs, as well as subsystems. Structure and Organization of Living Systems--ST03 1.2.6 6. Understand that specific genes regulate the functions performed by structures within the cells of multi-cellular organism ...
... Systems Approach--ST01, STI02, STI03, & STI04 1. Analyze systems, including inputs and outputs, as well as subsystems. Structure and Organization of Living Systems--ST03 1.2.6 6. Understand that specific genes regulate the functions performed by structures within the cells of multi-cellular organism ...
Differential roles of TGIF family genes in mammalian reproduction Open Access
... embryogenesis [10] and both are co-repressors for TGFb receptor activated Smads by interacting with histone deacetylases (HDACs) [4]. TGIF2 shares similar DNA binding homeodomains to TGIF1, suggesting both proteins are likely to bind the same DNA sequence [4]. Human TGIF2 has 3 exons which have the ...
... embryogenesis [10] and both are co-repressors for TGFb receptor activated Smads by interacting with histone deacetylases (HDACs) [4]. TGIF2 shares similar DNA binding homeodomains to TGIF1, suggesting both proteins are likely to bind the same DNA sequence [4]. Human TGIF2 has 3 exons which have the ...
Chromatin insulators: lessons from the fly
... expression is then carried out by alterations in chromatin structure that are epigenetically inherited between cell generations. These changes in chromatin organization take place at the level of the 10 nm fibre and include covalent histone modifications, DNA methylation and alterations induced by A ...
... expression is then carried out by alterations in chromatin structure that are epigenetically inherited between cell generations. These changes in chromatin organization take place at the level of the 10 nm fibre and include covalent histone modifications, DNA methylation and alterations induced by A ...
Impact of nucleosome dynamics and histone modifications
... methylation can either repress or activate gene transcription. It can be also associated with eu- or heterochromatin depending on the target residue and the number of methyl groups added. Most studies of Arabidopsis KMTases have been carried out so far with the homologs of the trithorax and Polycomb ...
... methylation can either repress or activate gene transcription. It can be also associated with eu- or heterochromatin depending on the target residue and the number of methyl groups added. Most studies of Arabidopsis KMTases have been carried out so far with the homologs of the trithorax and Polycomb ...
CHAPTER 15 THE CHROMOSOMAL BASIS OF INHERITANCE
... while the other half contain a Y chromosome. • Females are the homogametic sex (XX); all ova carry an X chromosome. Whether an embryo develops into a male or female depends upon the presence of a Y chromosome. • A British research team has identified a gene, SRY (sex-determining region of Y), on the ...
... while the other half contain a Y chromosome. • Females are the homogametic sex (XX); all ova carry an X chromosome. Whether an embryo develops into a male or female depends upon the presence of a Y chromosome. • A British research team has identified a gene, SRY (sex-determining region of Y), on the ...
Slide 1
... DNA Tools An organism’s genome is the total DNA in the nucleus of each cell. DNA tools can be used to manipulate DNA and to isolate genes from the rest of the genome. ...
... DNA Tools An organism’s genome is the total DNA in the nucleus of each cell. DNA tools can be used to manipulate DNA and to isolate genes from the rest of the genome. ...
What makes the lac-pathway switch: identifying the fluctuations that
... nents of the lac-pathway on the switching rate, we put forward a simple scheme to control fluctuation amplitudes in silico. Take a particular component, e.g. lacY mRNA that is produced in units of 1 molecule at some rate. (This rate changes over time due to repressor binding and unbinding to the lac ...
... nents of the lac-pathway on the switching rate, we put forward a simple scheme to control fluctuation amplitudes in silico. Take a particular component, e.g. lacY mRNA that is produced in units of 1 molecule at some rate. (This rate changes over time due to repressor binding and unbinding to the lac ...
Transcriptional profiling of wheat caryopsis development using
... identified to be differentially expressed at the 6 different time-points examined, which covers the developmental stages from coenocytic endosperm to physiological maturity. Comparison of genes differentially expressed between two time-points revealed a dynamic transcript accumulation profile with m ...
... identified to be differentially expressed at the 6 different time-points examined, which covers the developmental stages from coenocytic endosperm to physiological maturity. Comparison of genes differentially expressed between two time-points revealed a dynamic transcript accumulation profile with m ...
Chapter 10 - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... Both cells were synchronized to a resting state The nucleus from the mammary cell was transferred to the enucleated egg cell An electric shock was applied to start cell division Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
... Both cells were synchronized to a resting state The nucleus from the mammary cell was transferred to the enucleated egg cell An electric shock was applied to start cell division Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
The Relationship Between DNA Replication and the
... the poor medium (Mandelstam et al., 1971). To test whether this was also the case with the wild-type, chloramphenicol was added to a growing culture (Asooabout 0.5). The drug was removed 1 h later when the bacteria were washed and resuspended in sporulation medium. This treatment with chloramphenico ...
... the poor medium (Mandelstam et al., 1971). To test whether this was also the case with the wild-type, chloramphenicol was added to a growing culture (Asooabout 0.5). The drug was removed 1 h later when the bacteria were washed and resuspended in sporulation medium. This treatment with chloramphenico ...
human tRNA(m22G26)dimethyltransferase: functional expression
... mediates the formation of one specific modification, but does so at more than one site (16–19). The yeast enzyme tRNA(m22G)dimethyltransferase, encoded by a single nuclear TRM1 gene (20,21) modifies G26 to m22G in both nuclear encoded and mitochondrial yeast tRNAs (21,22). TRM1 homologs from several ...
... mediates the formation of one specific modification, but does so at more than one site (16–19). The yeast enzyme tRNA(m22G)dimethyltransferase, encoded by a single nuclear TRM1 gene (20,21) modifies G26 to m22G in both nuclear encoded and mitochondrial yeast tRNAs (21,22). TRM1 homologs from several ...
Site-Specific Integration of Transgenes in
... Plant transformation has challenges such as random integration, multiple transgene copies, and unpredictable expression. Homologous recombination (Iida and Terada, 2005; Wright et al., 2005) and DNA recombinase-mediated site-specific integration (SSI) are promising technologies to address the challe ...
... Plant transformation has challenges such as random integration, multiple transgene copies, and unpredictable expression. Homologous recombination (Iida and Terada, 2005; Wright et al., 2005) and DNA recombinase-mediated site-specific integration (SSI) are promising technologies to address the challe ...
Functional tests of enhancer conservation between
... Expression patterns of orthologous genes are often conserved, even between distantly related organisms, suggesting that once established, developmental programs can be stably maintained over long periods of evolutionary time. Because many orthologous transcription factors are also functionally conse ...
... Expression patterns of orthologous genes are often conserved, even between distantly related organisms, suggesting that once established, developmental programs can be stably maintained over long periods of evolutionary time. Because many orthologous transcription factors are also functionally conse ...
PDF - Blood Journal
... expressed only in activated T lymphocytes.15 Both T-cell receptor stimulation and IL-2 treatment are able to induce ␣ chain gene expression. IL-2R␣ chain is required for the high-affinity binding of IL-2 and it is essential for optimal proliferative responses of the mature T cells.14,15 A human immu ...
... expressed only in activated T lymphocytes.15 Both T-cell receptor stimulation and IL-2 treatment are able to induce ␣ chain gene expression. IL-2R␣ chain is required for the high-affinity binding of IL-2 and it is essential for optimal proliferative responses of the mature T cells.14,15 A human immu ...
DNA SEQUENCING (using a Li
... methods, and their derivations. Both methods were first described in 1977. The first method (Maxam and Gilbert 1977) is based on specific chemical degradation of the DNA. The DNA is first end-labeled using 35s or 33P, followed by separation of the two strands on a gel. Four aliquots of the desired s ...
... methods, and their derivations. Both methods were first described in 1977. The first method (Maxam and Gilbert 1977) is based on specific chemical degradation of the DNA. The DNA is first end-labeled using 35s or 33P, followed by separation of the two strands on a gel. Four aliquots of the desired s ...
08_Human_chromosomes(plain)
... 5. DNA IS PACKAGED INTO CHROMATIN 5.1. DNA CAN BE HIGHLY COMPACTED If stretched to its full length, the DNA molecule of the largest human chromosome would be 85mm. Yet during mitosis and meiosis, this DNA molecule is compacted into a chromosome approximately 5µm long. Although this compaction makes ...
... 5. DNA IS PACKAGED INTO CHROMATIN 5.1. DNA CAN BE HIGHLY COMPACTED If stretched to its full length, the DNA molecule of the largest human chromosome would be 85mm. Yet during mitosis and meiosis, this DNA molecule is compacted into a chromosome approximately 5µm long. Although this compaction makes ...
The Modular Structure and Function of the Wheat HI Promoter with S
... found in the promoter regions of the TH315 and TH325 genes (Fig. 1). The Oct motif is conserved in almost all the plant histone gene promoters known to date, and it has been shown to be a positive cis-acting element in some plant H3 and H4 genes (Chaubet et al. 1996, Nakayama et al. 1992, Terada et ...
... found in the promoter regions of the TH315 and TH325 genes (Fig. 1). The Oct motif is conserved in almost all the plant histone gene promoters known to date, and it has been shown to be a positive cis-acting element in some plant H3 and H4 genes (Chaubet et al. 1996, Nakayama et al. 1992, Terada et ...
Primary transcript
A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The primary transcripts designated to be mRNAs are modified in preparation for translation. For example, a precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a type of primary transcript that becomes a messenger RNA (mRNA) after processing.There are several steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts. All these steps involve a series of interactions to initiate and complete the transcription of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Certain factors play key roles in the activation and inhibition of transcription, where they regulate primary transcript production. Transcription produces primary transcripts that are further modified by several processes. These processes include the 5' cap, 3'-polyadenylation, and alternative splicing. In particular, alternative splicing directly contributes to the diversity of mRNA found in cells. The modifications of primary transcripts have been further studied in research seeking greater knowledge of the role and significance of these transcripts. Experimental studies based on molecular changes to primary transcripts the processes before and after transcription have led to greater understanding of diseases involving primary transcripts.