Evolutionary relationships and diversification of barhl genes within
... situ hybridization (FISH). At 35 hpf, a few barhl2-FITC (in green) positive cells could be detected in the central retina, located within a broader domain of barhl1.2-Cy3 (in red) positive cells (Figure 2A, D and 2G). Within this domain, expression of barhl1.2 and barhl2 appears mostly non-overlappi ...
... situ hybridization (FISH). At 35 hpf, a few barhl2-FITC (in green) positive cells could be detected in the central retina, located within a broader domain of barhl1.2-Cy3 (in red) positive cells (Figure 2A, D and 2G). Within this domain, expression of barhl1.2 and barhl2 appears mostly non-overlappi ...
Microsynth GmbH
... thawing can degrade DNA over time. Even small amounts of nucleases can have a strong effect on DNA degradation, depending on temperature, storage conditions and time. In this case, only a re-isolation and purification of the DNA template will provide a better sequencing result. If PCR products are t ...
... thawing can degrade DNA over time. Even small amounts of nucleases can have a strong effect on DNA degradation, depending on temperature, storage conditions and time. In this case, only a re-isolation and purification of the DNA template will provide a better sequencing result. If PCR products are t ...
Chapter 12
... Since the vector has an origin of replication, it will be replicated by DNA polymerase inside the bacterium when the chromosome is replicated during ...
... Since the vector has an origin of replication, it will be replicated by DNA polymerase inside the bacterium when the chromosome is replicated during ...
Trouble Shooting Guide
... Even more important than quantity is the quality of your sample DNA. The cleaner the DNA the better; good results can be achieved even with small amounts of DNA. Conventional isolation methods (e.g. alkaline lysis followed by column purification) usually provide DNA samples with sufficient quality t ...
... Even more important than quantity is the quality of your sample DNA. The cleaner the DNA the better; good results can be achieved even with small amounts of DNA. Conventional isolation methods (e.g. alkaline lysis followed by column purification) usually provide DNA samples with sufficient quality t ...
Molecular Design of Expression Systems
... In eqs. (1)-(4), subscripts R and P denote repressor and product protein, respectively. To minimize the number of different parameters in these calculations, it has been assumed that the transcription rate constant (k,"), the translation rate constant (k,"),the mRNA decay rate constant (kd),and the ...
... In eqs. (1)-(4), subscripts R and P denote repressor and product protein, respectively. To minimize the number of different parameters in these calculations, it has been assumed that the transcription rate constant (k,"), the translation rate constant (k,"),the mRNA decay rate constant (kd),and the ...
Using a Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism to Predict
... bitter, salty, and umami (the taste of monosodium glutamate). Taste recognition is mediated by specialized taste cells that communicate with several brain regions through direct connections to sensory neurons. Taste perception is a two-step process. First, a taste molecule binds to a specific recept ...
... bitter, salty, and umami (the taste of monosodium glutamate). Taste recognition is mediated by specialized taste cells that communicate with several brain regions through direct connections to sensory neurons. Taste perception is a two-step process. First, a taste molecule binds to a specific recept ...
Natural genetic transformation: prevalence, mechanisms
... Available experimental data indicate that the pilus fiber is closely associated with an outer membrane protein channel formed by the secretin protein PilQ. Structural studies of PilQ suggest that this protein forms a homododecameric structure with a central cavity that serves as a pilus pore. Intere ...
... Available experimental data indicate that the pilus fiber is closely associated with an outer membrane protein channel formed by the secretin protein PilQ. Structural studies of PilQ suggest that this protein forms a homododecameric structure with a central cavity that serves as a pilus pore. Intere ...
Post-transcriptional control of c-erb B-2 overexpression
... Figure legend). Such results indicate that erb B-2 overexpression in SNU-1 cells was likely due to increased protein synthesis rate. To confirm this hypothesis, the synthesis rate of erb B2 protein in SNU-5 cells, closely related to SNU-1 cells, was carried out under the same experimental conditions ...
... Figure legend). Such results indicate that erb B-2 overexpression in SNU-1 cells was likely due to increased protein synthesis rate. To confirm this hypothesis, the synthesis rate of erb B2 protein in SNU-5 cells, closely related to SNU-1 cells, was carried out under the same experimental conditions ...
Blueprint of Life
... in colour. In unpolluted forests, pale moths are well camouflaged on the pale, lichencovered tree trunks. Dark moths stand out, therefore the birds eat them; white population survives and therefore dominate the population. In polluted forests near industrial cities tree trunks are blackened, the dar ...
... in colour. In unpolluted forests, pale moths are well camouflaged on the pale, lichencovered tree trunks. Dark moths stand out, therefore the birds eat them; white population survives and therefore dominate the population. In polluted forests near industrial cities tree trunks are blackened, the dar ...
PE_Ans_Bk8_e_public
... - there is no need to re-introduce the Bt gene into the Bt plants so they are protected throughout their life but insecticides have to be regularly applied to protect the plants - it costs less to grow Bt plants due to reduced insecticides application (c) ...
... - there is no need to re-introduce the Bt gene into the Bt plants so they are protected throughout their life but insecticides have to be regularly applied to protect the plants - it costs less to grow Bt plants due to reduced insecticides application (c) ...
Abstract - Biotechniques.org
... DNase treatment. The RNA was shown to be intact and suitable for further DNase treatment and first strand synthesis. PCR of the six neuroblastoma cell lines with primers for N-myc, Id2, survivin, and actin were performed as described in materials and methods (33 cycles) (Fig.2). PCR product from ce ...
... DNase treatment. The RNA was shown to be intact and suitable for further DNase treatment and first strand synthesis. PCR of the six neuroblastoma cell lines with primers for N-myc, Id2, survivin, and actin were performed as described in materials and methods (33 cycles) (Fig.2). PCR product from ce ...
Genes for two multicopper proteins required for Fe(III) oxide
... Childers et al., 2002; Mehta et al., 2006; Reguera et al., 2005). One of these, designated outer-membrane protein B (OmpB), is a putative multicopper protein (Mehta et al., 2006) that is loosely associated with the outer cell surface (Qian et al., 2007), and is required for the reduction of insolubl ...
... Childers et al., 2002; Mehta et al., 2006; Reguera et al., 2005). One of these, designated outer-membrane protein B (OmpB), is a putative multicopper protein (Mehta et al., 2006) that is loosely associated with the outer cell surface (Qian et al., 2007), and is required for the reduction of insolubl ...
Pulling forces acting on Hox gene clusters cause expression
... expression intensity systematically increases following the order Hoxd10,…,Hoxd13. The above features of Hox gene collinearity have been meticulously analyzed for more than 25 years in many organisms ranging from Drosophila to humans. Many attempts have been made to justify these surprising regulari ...
... expression intensity systematically increases following the order Hoxd10,…,Hoxd13. The above features of Hox gene collinearity have been meticulously analyzed for more than 25 years in many organisms ranging from Drosophila to humans. Many attempts have been made to justify these surprising regulari ...
A novel DNA modification by sulphur
... phosphoadenosine phosphosulphate (PAPS) reductaserelated protein in Pyrococcus abyssi and the same family of proteins from many other bacteria. Both enzymes are involved in sulphate reduction for the biosynthesis of sulphur-containing compounds such as cysteine by many microorganisms. ATP sulphuryla ...
... phosphoadenosine phosphosulphate (PAPS) reductaserelated protein in Pyrococcus abyssi and the same family of proteins from many other bacteria. Both enzymes are involved in sulphate reduction for the biosynthesis of sulphur-containing compounds such as cysteine by many microorganisms. ATP sulphuryla ...
Questions and Problems, 19.1 How can inducible and repressible
... from the structural gene (but still very close by; see Figure 19.5). (b) An I+O+Z+Y+ / I+OcZ+Y+ partial diploid would exhibit constitutive synthesis of -galactosidase and -galactoside permease, whereas an I+O+Z+Y+ / I-O+Z+Y+ partial diploid would be inducible for the synthesis of these enzymes. (c) ...
... from the structural gene (but still very close by; see Figure 19.5). (b) An I+O+Z+Y+ / I+OcZ+Y+ partial diploid would exhibit constitutive synthesis of -galactosidase and -galactoside permease, whereas an I+O+Z+Y+ / I-O+Z+Y+ partial diploid would be inducible for the synthesis of these enzymes. (c) ...
Title PPAR interprets a chromatin signature of - DR-NTU
... differentiated cells that form the adult organism is the foundational question of developmental biology. Because all the cells of the organism share the same genome inherited from the zygote, different epigenetic landscapes are the main distinctive genomic feature of differentiated cells. This point ...
... differentiated cells that form the adult organism is the foundational question of developmental biology. Because all the cells of the organism share the same genome inherited from the zygote, different epigenetic landscapes are the main distinctive genomic feature of differentiated cells. This point ...
The sequence of a gene encoding convicilin from pea
... start codon to stop codon thus contains six exons, of 661, 176, 75, 324, 283 and 197 bases respectively, and five introns, of 151, 103, 103, 88 and 97 bases respectively. The encoded amino acid sequence is 571 amino acids in length, and predicts a precursor polypeptide of Mr 66986; when the leader s ...
... start codon to stop codon thus contains six exons, of 661, 176, 75, 324, 283 and 197 bases respectively, and five introns, of 151, 103, 103, 88 and 97 bases respectively. The encoded amino acid sequence is 571 amino acids in length, and predicts a precursor polypeptide of Mr 66986; when the leader s ...
The agouti mouse model: an epigenetic
... around nucleosomes, covalent modifications of histone tails (e.g. acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation), and DNA methylation. The influence of regulatory small RNAs and micro RNAs on gene transcription is also increasingly recognized as a key mechanism of epigenetic gene regulation. Conventional ...
... around nucleosomes, covalent modifications of histone tails (e.g. acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation), and DNA methylation. The influence of regulatory small RNAs and micro RNAs on gene transcription is also increasingly recognized as a key mechanism of epigenetic gene regulation. Conventional ...
The Classical Genetic Switch in Lambda Phage- Lysis and
... In order to understand how switching happens between the lysis and lysogeny states in the lambda phage, we focus on two regulatory genes CI and cro and a regulatory region OR called the right operator as shown in Fig 3. During the lysogeny phase CI is switched ON and cro is OFF. The operator OR is c ...
... In order to understand how switching happens between the lysis and lysogeny states in the lambda phage, we focus on two regulatory genes CI and cro and a regulatory region OR called the right operator as shown in Fig 3. During the lysogeny phase CI is switched ON and cro is OFF. The operator OR is c ...
Identification of Bacterial Species Using Colony PCR
... what primase would normally synthesize. They tell the polymerase where to bind to start the replication process by providing the necessary free 3’ OH group and double stranded region. A set of primers will specify the exact region of DNA to be replicated. Primers that can be designed by the research ...
... what primase would normally synthesize. They tell the polymerase where to bind to start the replication process by providing the necessary free 3’ OH group and double stranded region. A set of primers will specify the exact region of DNA to be replicated. Primers that can be designed by the research ...
Identification of novel micro RNAs and their targets in Cocos
... MicroRNAs are endogenous, non-translated, small RNAs of ~21 nucleotides that are processed from stem-loop regions of long transcripts. MicroRNA is responsible for regulation of gene expression of diverse aspects of plant development at the post-transcriptional level. Coconut is one of the major pere ...
... MicroRNAs are endogenous, non-translated, small RNAs of ~21 nucleotides that are processed from stem-loop regions of long transcripts. MicroRNA is responsible for regulation of gene expression of diverse aspects of plant development at the post-transcriptional level. Coconut is one of the major pere ...
New Developments in the Embryology Laboratory
... nucleus (small nuclear RNAs)and in the nucleolus (small nucleolar RNAs) are important components of transcriptomics • Proportion of mRNAs in a transcriptome account for only 1-2% of total RNA content in somatic cells ...
... nucleus (small nuclear RNAs)and in the nucleolus (small nucleolar RNAs) are important components of transcriptomics • Proportion of mRNAs in a transcriptome account for only 1-2% of total RNA content in somatic cells ...
SM 2 Gen Evn
... In prokaryotes – control should be explained in terms of feedback control within the operon. This is to include the use of the terms: inhibitor (regulator) gene, inhibitor (repressor) protein, promoter, operator, structural gene. The role of the inhibitor in blocking the pathway of RNA polymerase ne ...
... In prokaryotes – control should be explained in terms of feedback control within the operon. This is to include the use of the terms: inhibitor (regulator) gene, inhibitor (repressor) protein, promoter, operator, structural gene. The role of the inhibitor in blocking the pathway of RNA polymerase ne ...
Review Molecular Biology in Arteriosclerosis Research
... atherogenic process and should provide insight into ways of preventing and treating arteriosclerosis. (Arteriosclerosis 5:213-227, May/June 1985) ...
... atherogenic process and should provide insight into ways of preventing and treating arteriosclerosis. (Arteriosclerosis 5:213-227, May/June 1985) ...
Evaluation of the Water Stress-Inducible
... be responsible for over $10 billion in lost crop yield each year (Xu et al., 2014). It is estimated that by the year 2050, the global demand for crop foods will have increased by 100% (Tilman et al., 2011). Taken together with the effects of climate change, developing crop varieties with greater tol ...
... be responsible for over $10 billion in lost crop yield each year (Xu et al., 2014). It is estimated that by the year 2050, the global demand for crop foods will have increased by 100% (Tilman et al., 2011). Taken together with the effects of climate change, developing crop varieties with greater tol ...
Primary transcript
A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The primary transcripts designated to be mRNAs are modified in preparation for translation. For example, a precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a type of primary transcript that becomes a messenger RNA (mRNA) after processing.There are several steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts. All these steps involve a series of interactions to initiate and complete the transcription of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Certain factors play key roles in the activation and inhibition of transcription, where they regulate primary transcript production. Transcription produces primary transcripts that are further modified by several processes. These processes include the 5' cap, 3'-polyadenylation, and alternative splicing. In particular, alternative splicing directly contributes to the diversity of mRNA found in cells. The modifications of primary transcripts have been further studied in research seeking greater knowledge of the role and significance of these transcripts. Experimental studies based on molecular changes to primary transcripts the processes before and after transcription have led to greater understanding of diseases involving primary transcripts.