Application of a Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Method to
... a better choice if the processing time is critical. The DNA Stool method took half the time for DNA extraction, and the increase in Ct value was only 1-2 cycles. For spiked egg samples, the Ct values from the CTAB method were 23 for the ricin and 18S rRNA genes, but the Ct values for both ricin and ...
... a better choice if the processing time is critical. The DNA Stool method took half the time for DNA extraction, and the increase in Ct value was only 1-2 cycles. For spiked egg samples, the Ct values from the CTAB method were 23 for the ricin and 18S rRNA genes, but the Ct values for both ricin and ...
Cells, Development, Chromosomes
... DNA wrapped 1 3/4 times around a core of 8 histone proteins (small and very conserved in evolution). A string of beads. – Modifications of the histones, such as adding acetyl or phosphate groups, affects how tightly condensed the chromatin is, which affects whether it can be transcribed or not. ...
... DNA wrapped 1 3/4 times around a core of 8 histone proteins (small and very conserved in evolution). A string of beads. – Modifications of the histones, such as adding acetyl or phosphate groups, affects how tightly condensed the chromatin is, which affects whether it can be transcribed or not. ...
Protein splicing elements: inteins and exteins
... Sloan-Kettering, Molecular Biology Program, New York, NY 10021, 5University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 and 6Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research, NY State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA Received November 24, 1993, Revised and Accepted February 28, 1994 ...
... Sloan-Kettering, Molecular Biology Program, New York, NY 10021, 5University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 and 6Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research, NY State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA Received November 24, 1993, Revised and Accepted February 28, 1994 ...
glycan associated protein of Legionella (PpiA)
... PCR amplification. A 523 bp fragment encoding solely PpiA13 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the bio-med Thermocycler 60 (Braun, Göttingen, Germany). Primers were selected according the sequence published by Ludwig et a/.: 13 5'GCCGGATCGTTTTATAAACTGGG 3' (position 116-139) and ...
... PCR amplification. A 523 bp fragment encoding solely PpiA13 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the bio-med Thermocycler 60 (Braun, Göttingen, Germany). Primers were selected according the sequence published by Ludwig et a/.: 13 5'GCCGGATCGTTTTATAAACTGGG 3' (position 116-139) and ...
Regulation of Stage I1 of Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis
... The finding that the expression of sporulation operons is strikingly different in strains carrying two different mutations, apparently in spoOJ, will be considered later (Discussion). Eflects of mutations in spoIIA on spore formation, sporulation phenotype, the formation of alkaline phosphatase and ...
... The finding that the expression of sporulation operons is strikingly different in strains carrying two different mutations, apparently in spoOJ, will be considered later (Discussion). Eflects of mutations in spoIIA on spore formation, sporulation phenotype, the formation of alkaline phosphatase and ...
Restriction Enzyme Digest and Plasmid mapping
... This excercise introduces you to some important principles of genetic engineering. Specifically, the functions of restriction enzymes and their use as molecular biology tools will be stressed. Using agarose gel electrophoresis, you will examine the digestion patterns and determine the sizes of unkno ...
... This excercise introduces you to some important principles of genetic engineering. Specifically, the functions of restriction enzymes and their use as molecular biology tools will be stressed. Using agarose gel electrophoresis, you will examine the digestion patterns and determine the sizes of unkno ...
lab6
... • In a species-independent manner., the GO project has developed three structured controlled vocabularies (ontologies) that describe gene products in terms of their associated ...
... • In a species-independent manner., the GO project has developed three structured controlled vocabularies (ontologies) that describe gene products in terms of their associated ...
Genetics - Michael
... Having established that DNA contains genes, Chapter 3 examines the structure of a gene, and how this information it stored and utilized by the cell. The processes of transcription and translation are covered in this chapter, as well as an introduction to DNA replication. The study of DNA replication ...
... Having established that DNA contains genes, Chapter 3 examines the structure of a gene, and how this information it stored and utilized by the cell. The processes of transcription and translation are covered in this chapter, as well as an introduction to DNA replication. The study of DNA replication ...
Characterization of the wheat gene encoding a grain
... Some LTPs were found to be expressed in several grain tissues. For example, two grain-specific maize genes of unknown function, ZmEBE-1 and ZmEBE-2, were found to be expressed in the embryo sac before pollination and later after pollination in both ETC and ESR cells of the developing endosperm (Magn ...
... Some LTPs were found to be expressed in several grain tissues. For example, two grain-specific maize genes of unknown function, ZmEBE-1 and ZmEBE-2, were found to be expressed in the embryo sac before pollination and later after pollination in both ETC and ESR cells of the developing endosperm (Magn ...
Alisch RS, Wang T, Chopra P, Visootsak J, Conneely KN, Warren ST . Genome-wide analysis validates aberrant methylation in fragile X syndrome is specific to the FMR1 locus. BMC Med Genet. 2013 Jan 29;14:18. doi: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-18.
... hypermethylation and silencing of this locus. Although a dramatic increase in DNA methylation of the FMR1 full mutation allele is well documented, the extent to which these changes affect DNA methylation throughout the rest of the genome has gone unexplored. Methods: Here we examined genome-wide met ...
... hypermethylation and silencing of this locus. Although a dramatic increase in DNA methylation of the FMR1 full mutation allele is well documented, the extent to which these changes affect DNA methylation throughout the rest of the genome has gone unexplored. Methods: Here we examined genome-wide met ...
achondroplasia
... who also has the condition. If one parent has the condition and the other does not, there is a 50 percent chance that their child will be affected. If both parents have achondroplasia, there is a 50 percent chance that the child will inherit the condition, a 25 percent chance that the child will not ...
... who also has the condition. If one parent has the condition and the other does not, there is a 50 percent chance that their child will be affected. If both parents have achondroplasia, there is a 50 percent chance that the child will inherit the condition, a 25 percent chance that the child will not ...
2014 Human Biology Higher (Revised) Finalised Marking
... 3) They present antigens on their surface to stimulate the specific immune response. 4) They release cytokines which stimulate the specific immune response / attract more phagocytes. 5) They engulf antigen/antibody complexes (produced by B-lymphocytes). Any 2 from 5 ...
... 3) They present antigens on their surface to stimulate the specific immune response. 4) They release cytokines which stimulate the specific immune response / attract more phagocytes. 5) They engulf antigen/antibody complexes (produced by B-lymphocytes). Any 2 from 5 ...
pdf - University of Pennsylvania
... requires formation of a bipartite secondary structure consisting of two stem-loops (Crucs et al., 2000). Smaug (Smg) protein interacts with one stem-loop and is required for repression of nos translation in the early embryo (Smibert et al., 1996; Dahanukar et al., 1999; Smibert et al., 1999). We hav ...
... requires formation of a bipartite secondary structure consisting of two stem-loops (Crucs et al., 2000). Smaug (Smg) protein interacts with one stem-loop and is required for repression of nos translation in the early embryo (Smibert et al., 1996; Dahanukar et al., 1999; Smibert et al., 1999). We hav ...
Phosphate Utilization Efficiency Correlates with Expression of Low
... of HvPHT1;1. The first gene encoding a protein was identical to HvPHT1;1 (Fig. 3A) but differed in the 3# untranslated region (UTR). We designated this new HvPHT1 gene as HvPHT1;9 (GenBank accession no. AM904733). The transcript of HvPHT1;9 had a 56nucleotide deletion in the 3# UTR compared with tha ...
... of HvPHT1;1. The first gene encoding a protein was identical to HvPHT1;1 (Fig. 3A) but differed in the 3# untranslated region (UTR). We designated this new HvPHT1 gene as HvPHT1;9 (GenBank accession no. AM904733). The transcript of HvPHT1;9 had a 56nucleotide deletion in the 3# UTR compared with tha ...
University of Groningen DNA-based asymmetric catalysis
... chemistry in 1989. In Nature, RNA catalyzes reactions as part of the ribosome in the synthesis of proteins, and RNA cleaves phosphodiester bonds of other RNAs. Artificial RNAzymes have been isolated from random pools of RNAs, via rational and iterative methods such as in vitro selection procedures, ...
... chemistry in 1989. In Nature, RNA catalyzes reactions as part of the ribosome in the synthesis of proteins, and RNA cleaves phosphodiester bonds of other RNAs. Artificial RNAzymes have been isolated from random pools of RNAs, via rational and iterative methods such as in vitro selection procedures, ...
Significance of bacterial identification by molecular
... stretch of DNA (usually fewer than 3000 bp) to be amplified by about a million-fold. In practical terms it amplifies enough specific copies to be able to carry out any number of other molecular biology applications e.g. size determination (in bases) and its nucleotide sequence. The particular stretc ...
... stretch of DNA (usually fewer than 3000 bp) to be amplified by about a million-fold. In practical terms it amplifies enough specific copies to be able to carry out any number of other molecular biology applications e.g. size determination (in bases) and its nucleotide sequence. The particular stretc ...
The molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and
... been recovered from breeding lines without intentional intervention: the maize T-cytoplasm; the pol cytoplasm of B. napus (which arose in the cultivar Polima); the male-sterile cytoplasm of Phaseolus; and the S-cytoplasm of onion. Because plants that carry a CMS cytoplasm plus the appropriate restor ...
... been recovered from breeding lines without intentional intervention: the maize T-cytoplasm; the pol cytoplasm of B. napus (which arose in the cultivar Polima); the male-sterile cytoplasm of Phaseolus; and the S-cytoplasm of onion. Because plants that carry a CMS cytoplasm plus the appropriate restor ...
The Roles of the Quorum-Sensing System in the Release of
... bacterial extracellular DNA required for early biofilm formation (9,18). The presence of DNA in membrane blebs has been reported in a few Gram-negative bacteria, including P. aeruginosa. Additionally, it has been reported that biofilm formation is controlled by the QS (14,19) and that the las QS con ...
... bacterial extracellular DNA required for early biofilm formation (9,18). The presence of DNA in membrane blebs has been reported in a few Gram-negative bacteria, including P. aeruginosa. Additionally, it has been reported that biofilm formation is controlled by the QS (14,19) and that the las QS con ...
Root organization and gene expression patterns
... An important difference between root tips of various species is the organization of cells in the root apical meristem (RAM). Popham (1966) categorized roots into six types and two subtypes, all of these incorporating one of two common developmental schemes open and closed apical organization. In clo ...
... An important difference between root tips of various species is the organization of cells in the root apical meristem (RAM). Popham (1966) categorized roots into six types and two subtypes, all of these incorporating one of two common developmental schemes open and closed apical organization. In clo ...
Exercise II - GEP Community Server
... more plant genome sequences on the Red Line but take things a bit further. All of the available evidence is analyzed in Apollo. Like DNA Subway, Apollo allows you to view the evidence for a particular gene. But Apollo is more than a DNA viewer; it is also a genome editor. In this exercise you will e ...
... more plant genome sequences on the Red Line but take things a bit further. All of the available evidence is analyzed in Apollo. Like DNA Subway, Apollo allows you to view the evidence for a particular gene. But Apollo is more than a DNA viewer; it is also a genome editor. In this exercise you will e ...
alternatively-spliced protein sequences derived
... The results of similarity searches performed against a protein database (using algorithms such as FASTA and BLAST) will clearly be affected by the choice of the isoform whose sequence is displayed for each protein in the database. Improved results might be obtained if such comparisons were run again ...
... The results of similarity searches performed against a protein database (using algorithms such as FASTA and BLAST) will clearly be affected by the choice of the isoform whose sequence is displayed for each protein in the database. Improved results might be obtained if such comparisons were run again ...
Seed specific polycomb group gene and methods of use for same
... mother cell, and 3) adventitious embryony-embryo develops directly from a somatic cell. In most forms of apomixis, pseudogamy or fertiliZation of the polar nuclei to produce endosperm is necessary for seed viability. These types of apomixis have economic potential because they can cause any genotype ...
... mother cell, and 3) adventitious embryony-embryo develops directly from a somatic cell. In most forms of apomixis, pseudogamy or fertiliZation of the polar nuclei to produce endosperm is necessary for seed viability. These types of apomixis have economic potential because they can cause any genotype ...
The eukaryotic genome: a system regulated at different hierarchical
... between its active and inactive state should be present. Such regulatory elements may recruit histone-modifying enzymes, causing a change in the functional state of chromatin in the domain (see below). LCRs fulfil this role. These often-complex sequence elements can switch genomic domains containing ...
... between its active and inactive state should be present. Such regulatory elements may recruit histone-modifying enzymes, causing a change in the functional state of chromatin in the domain (see below). LCRs fulfil this role. These often-complex sequence elements can switch genomic domains containing ...
Primary transcript
A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The primary transcripts designated to be mRNAs are modified in preparation for translation. For example, a precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a type of primary transcript that becomes a messenger RNA (mRNA) after processing.There are several steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts. All these steps involve a series of interactions to initiate and complete the transcription of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Certain factors play key roles in the activation and inhibition of transcription, where they regulate primary transcript production. Transcription produces primary transcripts that are further modified by several processes. These processes include the 5' cap, 3'-polyadenylation, and alternative splicing. In particular, alternative splicing directly contributes to the diversity of mRNA found in cells. The modifications of primary transcripts have been further studied in research seeking greater knowledge of the role and significance of these transcripts. Experimental studies based on molecular changes to primary transcripts the processes before and after transcription have led to greater understanding of diseases involving primary transcripts.