Available
... The synthesis of citrulline requires a prior activation of carbon and nitrogen as carbamoyl phosphate (CP). The activation step requires 2 equivalents of ATP and the mitochondrial matrix enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-I (CPS-I). There are two CP synthetases: a mitochondrial enzyme, CPS-I, whi ...
... The synthesis of citrulline requires a prior activation of carbon and nitrogen as carbamoyl phosphate (CP). The activation step requires 2 equivalents of ATP and the mitochondrial matrix enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-I (CPS-I). There are two CP synthetases: a mitochondrial enzyme, CPS-I, whi ...
lec33_2013 - Andrew.cmu.edu
... In most organisms the electrons from these compounds are deposited on oxygen, reducing it to water. Note that the oxygen only serves as a final acceptor of electrons in this process, the actual synthesis of ATP is from a proton gradient across the inner membrane that is generated during the transfer ...
... In most organisms the electrons from these compounds are deposited on oxygen, reducing it to water. Note that the oxygen only serves as a final acceptor of electrons in this process, the actual synthesis of ATP is from a proton gradient across the inner membrane that is generated during the transfer ...
Metabolic Diversity
... reactions (photosystems I(P700) and II(P680)) • Use light to generate both ATP and NADPH • Electron transfer in photosystem I produces H+ gradient (also cyclic photophosphorylation) ...
... reactions (photosystems I(P700) and II(P680)) • Use light to generate both ATP and NADPH • Electron transfer in photosystem I produces H+ gradient (also cyclic photophosphorylation) ...
Master Entrance Exam
... 10. 1000 bps DNA coding sequences can make protein roughly (A) 23 (B) 27 (C) 33 (D) 37 (E) 43 kilodalton II. 是非題 (每題 2 分) Yes or No for answer 1. Lipid components of membranes do not readily move from one side of a bilayer to the other. 2. In the Citrate-Pyruvate Cycle, the step that generates NADPH ...
... 10. 1000 bps DNA coding sequences can make protein roughly (A) 23 (B) 27 (C) 33 (D) 37 (E) 43 kilodalton II. 是非題 (每題 2 分) Yes or No for answer 1. Lipid components of membranes do not readily move from one side of a bilayer to the other. 2. In the Citrate-Pyruvate Cycle, the step that generates NADPH ...
Chapter 8 Notes – Energy and Metabolism
... ____________________ is achieved by a rotary motor driven by a _____________________. ...
... ____________________ is achieved by a rotary motor driven by a _____________________. ...
Bacterial Metabolism
... (notice that it require 2 different, parallel pathways to finally generate both pyruvic acid molecules…) ...
... (notice that it require 2 different, parallel pathways to finally generate both pyruvic acid molecules…) ...
Study Guide Cellular Respiration
... First formed acid is Citric Acid and at the end 4C acid is regenerated – so the name Citric Acid Cycle. It was discovered by Hans Kreb. 38. Overall Reaction of Krebs Cycle or Citric Acid Cycle: ...
... First formed acid is Citric Acid and at the end 4C acid is regenerated – so the name Citric Acid Cycle. It was discovered by Hans Kreb. 38. Overall Reaction of Krebs Cycle or Citric Acid Cycle: ...
AP Biology Cell Respiration Quiz Study Guide
... 5. What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain? 6. From what macromolecules would you obtain the highest amount of ATP? 7. What is chemiosmosis? 8. Which respiratory process generates the most ATP? 9. Why is ATP such a useful energy storage/transfer molecule? 10. How is the e ...
... 5. What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain? 6. From what macromolecules would you obtain the highest amount of ATP? 7. What is chemiosmosis? 8. Which respiratory process generates the most ATP? 9. Why is ATP such a useful energy storage/transfer molecule? 10. How is the e ...
Cellular Respiration
... • The energy needed is provided by the breakdown of sugars in food to form ATP (cellular respiration) • CR requires Oxygen, but after some time cells are unable to provide the needed amount of oxygen, and lactic acid fermentation occurs. • When lactic acid builds up, the muscles feel sore and fatigu ...
... • The energy needed is provided by the breakdown of sugars in food to form ATP (cellular respiration) • CR requires Oxygen, but after some time cells are unable to provide the needed amount of oxygen, and lactic acid fermentation occurs. • When lactic acid builds up, the muscles feel sore and fatigu ...
Metabolism of fats and proteins
... What are the important functions of these biomolecules? Is oxygen required for the electron transport chain to function? If so, what is its role? The electron transport chain is where oxidative phosphorylation occurs. Where does the oxidation occur? How about the phosphorylation? ...
... What are the important functions of these biomolecules? Is oxygen required for the electron transport chain to function? If so, what is its role? The electron transport chain is where oxidative phosphorylation occurs. Where does the oxidation occur? How about the phosphorylation? ...
File
... phosphorylate two molecules of ADP. Two pyruvate molecules are formed by removing two phosphate groups from each molecule. These phosphate groups are given to ADP molecules and form ATP. ...
... phosphorylate two molecules of ADP. Two pyruvate molecules are formed by removing two phosphate groups from each molecule. These phosphate groups are given to ADP molecules and form ATP. ...
acetyl CoA
... where, in a series of steps, the molecule isoxidized to CO2 while at the same time reducing NAD to NADH. ...
... where, in a series of steps, the molecule isoxidized to CO2 while at the same time reducing NAD to NADH. ...
Lecture #10 – 9/26 – Dr. Hirsh
... There is a relatively small yield of energy from Glycolysis. More energy yield from Krebs as ATP and energy equivalents (NADH, FADH2) Form ATP by “burning” NADH through respiration (oxidative phosphorylation) This is a redox reaction with NADH as an intermediate; reduced A (AH2) has a higher energy ...
... There is a relatively small yield of energy from Glycolysis. More energy yield from Krebs as ATP and energy equivalents (NADH, FADH2) Form ATP by “burning” NADH through respiration (oxidative phosphorylation) This is a redox reaction with NADH as an intermediate; reduced A (AH2) has a higher energy ...
Answer Key
... What is the final electron acceptor at the end of Electron Transport? oxygen What happens to the NADH’s produced during glycolysis and Krebs cycle? If oxygen is present, goes to ETC. No oxygen onto fermentation. What high energy electron carriers are used in respiration? NAD+ and FAD How are these d ...
... What is the final electron acceptor at the end of Electron Transport? oxygen What happens to the NADH’s produced during glycolysis and Krebs cycle? If oxygen is present, goes to ETC. No oxygen onto fermentation. What high energy electron carriers are used in respiration? NAD+ and FAD How are these d ...
cell energy test review
... 13. Where do the Kreb’s cycle and the electron transport system take place? 14 What happens to the H+ produced in the citric acid cycle? 15. In what part of aerobic respiration are the most ATP produced? 16. How are the equations for photosynthesis and aerobic respiration related? ...
... 13. Where do the Kreb’s cycle and the electron transport system take place? 14 What happens to the H+ produced in the citric acid cycle? 15. In what part of aerobic respiration are the most ATP produced? 16. How are the equations for photosynthesis and aerobic respiration related? ...
cellular respiration - Aurora City Schools
... organisms form alcohol and CO2 by the following process: Pyruvic acid + NADH2 → CO2 + ethanol + NAD+ Lactic acid fermentation – Skeletal muscle cells of mammals and some bacteria produce lactic acid. Lactic acid is a harmful chemical than needs to be removed from the muscle ...
... organisms form alcohol and CO2 by the following process: Pyruvic acid + NADH2 → CO2 + ethanol + NAD+ Lactic acid fermentation – Skeletal muscle cells of mammals and some bacteria produce lactic acid. Lactic acid is a harmful chemical than needs to be removed from the muscle ...
fatty acid synthesis
... activity of acyl-carnitine transferase. Mice lacking ACC2 have less body fat in spite if increased food intake - consistent with enhanced FA oxidation in these animals. Thus, malonyl-CoA produced by ACC-2 is exclusively involved in regulation of fatty acid oxidation (by inhibiting acycarnitine trans ...
... activity of acyl-carnitine transferase. Mice lacking ACC2 have less body fat in spite if increased food intake - consistent with enhanced FA oxidation in these animals. Thus, malonyl-CoA produced by ACC-2 is exclusively involved in regulation of fatty acid oxidation (by inhibiting acycarnitine trans ...
Metabolic Diversity
... • Can store enough energy to drive the synthesis of ATP Acetyl-S-CoA + H2O +ADP+Pi ==> acetate + HS-CoA + ATP ...
... • Can store enough energy to drive the synthesis of ATP Acetyl-S-CoA + H2O +ADP+Pi ==> acetate + HS-CoA + ATP ...
Fatty Acid Catabolism
... – Run through beta oxidation SEVEN times • 7 QH2 = 10.5 ATP • 7NADH = 17.5 ATP ...
... – Run through beta oxidation SEVEN times • 7 QH2 = 10.5 ATP • 7NADH = 17.5 ATP ...
Cellular Respiration PowerPoint review
... Occurs in the MATRIX of the mitochondria Pyruvic Acid from Glycolysis enters to form 1 ATP 3 NADH 1 FADH2 CO2 (which is released when we exhale!!) AKA….Citric Acid Cycle ...
... Occurs in the MATRIX of the mitochondria Pyruvic Acid from Glycolysis enters to form 1 ATP 3 NADH 1 FADH2 CO2 (which is released when we exhale!!) AKA….Citric Acid Cycle ...
GLYCOLYSIS
... GLYCOLYSIS: The anaerobic breakdown of glucose This chart outlines the steps in the biochemical pathway called glycolysis. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells GLUCOSE ...
... GLYCOLYSIS: The anaerobic breakdown of glucose This chart outlines the steps in the biochemical pathway called glycolysis. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells GLUCOSE ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.