Energy Metabolism and Mitochondria
... The process of glycolysis and citric acid cycle generates high-energy electrons that are carried by the NADH and FADH2 molecules. The NADH (and FADH2) molecules transfer their electrons via multiple electron carriers that are components of the electron transport chain. These are located in the mitoc ...
... The process of glycolysis and citric acid cycle generates high-energy electrons that are carried by the NADH and FADH2 molecules. The NADH (and FADH2) molecules transfer their electrons via multiple electron carriers that are components of the electron transport chain. These are located in the mitoc ...
(18 pts) Pyruvate can be converted to a variety of othe
... possible to make those different products from the same starting molecule.) The molecule could undergo any of a variety of different chemical reactions. Each would lead to a different product. Starting with pyruvate, for example, a carbon-carbon bond break would lead to ethanol and carbon dioxide. R ...
... possible to make those different products from the same starting molecule.) The molecule could undergo any of a variety of different chemical reactions. Each would lead to a different product. Starting with pyruvate, for example, a carbon-carbon bond break would lead to ethanol and carbon dioxide. R ...
Metabolic Processes Unit
... Reduce Co-enzymes (What is the role of NADH?) 4 Steps of Cellular Respiration o Glycolysis (How does glycolysis differ from the other 3 steps?) o Pyruvate oxidation (What 3 changes occur during this stage?) o Kreb’s Cycle (Where is the CO2 generated in cellular respiration?) o Electron Transport Cha ...
... Reduce Co-enzymes (What is the role of NADH?) 4 Steps of Cellular Respiration o Glycolysis (How does glycolysis differ from the other 3 steps?) o Pyruvate oxidation (What 3 changes occur during this stage?) o Kreb’s Cycle (Where is the CO2 generated in cellular respiration?) o Electron Transport Cha ...
ch3b_SP13x
... – Yield raw materials (amino acids, etc) and chemical energy (NADH, ATP) – Convergent: diverse starting materials broken down to conserved set of ...
... – Yield raw materials (amino acids, etc) and chemical energy (NADH, ATP) – Convergent: diverse starting materials broken down to conserved set of ...
bio II ch 8 brookings guided pp
... = using energy from breaking a chemical bond to add MITOCHONDRION aP directly from a phosphorylated molecule to ADP without a proton gradient ...
... = using energy from breaking a chemical bond to add MITOCHONDRION aP directly from a phosphorylated molecule to ADP without a proton gradient ...
1 of 3 Biochemistry Final exam Block 3, 2008 Name Answer all of
... (a) At rest, plenty of O2 is being delivered to the muscle, and pyruvate formed during glycolysis is oxidized to acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Acetyl groups then enter the citric acid cycle and are oxidized to CO2. (b) Under the conditions of all-out exertion, skeletal muscle can ...
... (a) At rest, plenty of O2 is being delivered to the muscle, and pyruvate formed during glycolysis is oxidized to acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Acetyl groups then enter the citric acid cycle and are oxidized to CO2. (b) Under the conditions of all-out exertion, skeletal muscle can ...
Cellular Respiration
... Acetyl-CoA enters the cycle and binds to a four-carbon molecule, forming a six-carbon molecule Two carbons are removed as CO2 and their electrons donated to NAD+ ...
... Acetyl-CoA enters the cycle and binds to a four-carbon molecule, forming a six-carbon molecule Two carbons are removed as CO2 and their electrons donated to NAD+ ...
Cell Energetics - Practice Test - Biology
... a. photosynthesis. b. glycolysis. c. electron transport. d. fermentation. ____ 17. Which of the following is a product of the Krebs cycle? a. carbon dioxide b. oxygen c. lactic acid d. glucose ____ 18. Which of the following statements is true of ATP? a. It stores energy as glucose. b. It transfers ...
... a. photosynthesis. b. glycolysis. c. electron transport. d. fermentation. ____ 17. Which of the following is a product of the Krebs cycle? a. carbon dioxide b. oxygen c. lactic acid d. glucose ____ 18. Which of the following statements is true of ATP? a. It stores energy as glucose. b. It transfers ...
Biobowl
... 40. When pyruvate is oxidized to __________, this molecule enters the Kreb’s cycle. 41. As a result of electron transport in mitochondria, protons accumulate in the 42. When acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate, it forms 6-C ___________. 43. How many molecules of ATP are generated from cell respira ...
... 40. When pyruvate is oxidized to __________, this molecule enters the Kreb’s cycle. 41. As a result of electron transport in mitochondria, protons accumulate in the 42. When acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate, it forms 6-C ___________. 43. How many molecules of ATP are generated from cell respira ...
combne etc citric photo
... 1. Oxidation of organic fuels (fatty acids, glucose, and some amino acids) yields acetyl-CoA. 2. Oxidation of acetyl groups in the citric acid cycle includes four steps in which electrons are abstracted. 3. Electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 are funneled into a respiratory chain, ultimately reducin ...
... 1. Oxidation of organic fuels (fatty acids, glucose, and some amino acids) yields acetyl-CoA. 2. Oxidation of acetyl groups in the citric acid cycle includes four steps in which electrons are abstracted. 3. Electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 are funneled into a respiratory chain, ultimately reducin ...
Chapter 5 Bacterial Metabolism
... • Enzymes – are a group of organic compounds made of proteins that increase the rate of a chemical reaction. • Enzymes are reusable. • One enzyme is used for one reaction. • The substance acted on by an enzymes is called the substrate. • Product formed is called the product. ...
... • Enzymes – are a group of organic compounds made of proteins that increase the rate of a chemical reaction. • Enzymes are reusable. • One enzyme is used for one reaction. • The substance acted on by an enzymes is called the substrate. • Product formed is called the product. ...
Chapter 8
... • Enzymes in the cytoplasm catalyze several steps in glucose breakdown – Glucose is first phosphorylated in energyrequiring steps, then the six-carbon intermediate is split to form two molecules of PGAL (which gives a phosphate to make ATP) – Enzymes remove H+ and electrons from PGAL and transfer th ...
... • Enzymes in the cytoplasm catalyze several steps in glucose breakdown – Glucose is first phosphorylated in energyrequiring steps, then the six-carbon intermediate is split to form two molecules of PGAL (which gives a phosphate to make ATP) – Enzymes remove H+ and electrons from PGAL and transfer th ...
AP Biology Cellular Respiration Notes 9.1
... Oxidative: The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain. (Creating a H+ gradient and using it to drive ATP Synthase.) 9.15 In general terms, explain how the exergonic “slide” of electrons down the electron transport chain is coupled to the enderg ...
... Oxidative: The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain. (Creating a H+ gradient and using it to drive ATP Synthase.) 9.15 In general terms, explain how the exergonic “slide” of electrons down the electron transport chain is coupled to the enderg ...
Answers to exam 1 review #2
... 29. Mitochondria doesn't have which of the following: a. inner matrix b. adenosine triphosphate c. acetyl coA d. inner membrane e. guanine 30. Mitochondria doesn't do which of the following. a. cellular respiration b. formation of energy intermediates c. breakdown of glucose d. glycolysis e. citric ...
... 29. Mitochondria doesn't have which of the following: a. inner matrix b. adenosine triphosphate c. acetyl coA d. inner membrane e. guanine 30. Mitochondria doesn't do which of the following. a. cellular respiration b. formation of energy intermediates c. breakdown of glucose d. glycolysis e. citric ...
Cellular Respiration Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle
... 3 step oxidation process releases 2 CO2 (count the carbons!) reduces 2 NAD 2 NADH (moves e ) produces 2 acetyl CoA ...
... 3 step oxidation process releases 2 CO2 (count the carbons!) reduces 2 NAD 2 NADH (moves e ) produces 2 acetyl CoA ...
lecture notes-metabolism pathways-complete notes
... • Under aerobic conditions • Taking place - in mitochondria in eucaryotes - associated with membrane-bound enzymes in procaryotes • Pyruvate produced in glycolysis (EMP) pathway transfer its reducing power to NAD+. http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/krebs.html ...
... • Under aerobic conditions • Taking place - in mitochondria in eucaryotes - associated with membrane-bound enzymes in procaryotes • Pyruvate produced in glycolysis (EMP) pathway transfer its reducing power to NAD+. http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/krebs.html ...
H 2 O
... • Died-August 1, 1970 in Berlin, Germany • He won a Nobel prize in Physiology and Medicine for his Warburg effect in 1931. ...
... • Died-August 1, 1970 in Berlin, Germany • He won a Nobel prize in Physiology and Medicine for his Warburg effect in 1931. ...
Cellular Respiration Chapter 9
... Pyruvic Acid from Glycolysis enters to form 1 ATP 3 NADH 1 FADH2 CO2 (which is released when we exhale!!) AKA….Citric Acid Cycle ...
... Pyruvic Acid from Glycolysis enters to form 1 ATP 3 NADH 1 FADH2 CO2 (which is released when we exhale!!) AKA….Citric Acid Cycle ...
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA), Krebs Cycle
... acetyl CoA. The irreversibility of the reaction explains why glucose can not be formed from acetyl CoA in ...
... acetyl CoA. The irreversibility of the reaction explains why glucose can not be formed from acetyl CoA in ...
Cell Respiration
... reduced to 2 molecules of water. ETC makes no ATP directly. Its function is to break the large drop in energy from food molecules down to oxygen into small manageable steps. The actual production of ATP comes from a protein complex, ATP synthase, that adds a phosphate onto ADP making ATP. The ETC us ...
... reduced to 2 molecules of water. ETC makes no ATP directly. Its function is to break the large drop in energy from food molecules down to oxygen into small manageable steps. The actual production of ATP comes from a protein complex, ATP synthase, that adds a phosphate onto ADP making ATP. The ETC us ...
CHAPTER 6
... Essential Question How is pyruvate oxidized under aerobic conditions Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to acetyl-CoA and oxidized to CO2 in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle ...
... Essential Question How is pyruvate oxidized under aerobic conditions Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to acetyl-CoA and oxidized to CO2 in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle ...
Test 1
... D) supply NADH. E) supply pentoses and NADPH. 4. Which one of the following types of mechanisms is not known to play a role in the reversible alteration of enzyme activity? A) Activation by cleavage of an inactive zymogen B) Allosteric response to a regulatory molecule C) Alteration of the synthesis ...
... D) supply NADH. E) supply pentoses and NADPH. 4. Which one of the following types of mechanisms is not known to play a role in the reversible alteration of enzyme activity? A) Activation by cleavage of an inactive zymogen B) Allosteric response to a regulatory molecule C) Alteration of the synthesis ...
The Process of Cellular Respiration
... • Occurs if oxygen is NOT present: anaerobic • Glycolysis generates 2 ATP whether oxygen is present (aerobic) or not • But there must be a supply of NAD+ to accept electrons • Since NADH can not transfer electrons to oxygen in the electron transport chain, the electrons are transferred to pyruvate i ...
... • Occurs if oxygen is NOT present: anaerobic • Glycolysis generates 2 ATP whether oxygen is present (aerobic) or not • But there must be a supply of NAD+ to accept electrons • Since NADH can not transfer electrons to oxygen in the electron transport chain, the electrons are transferred to pyruvate i ...
Slide 1
... GLUCONEOGENESIS Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from glucogenic precursors which are not of carbohydrate origin (gluconeogenic precursors) It occurs during prolonged fasting to synthesize glucose for tissues requiring continuous supply of glucose as a source of energy: Brain, RBCs, Kidn ...
... GLUCONEOGENESIS Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from glucogenic precursors which are not of carbohydrate origin (gluconeogenic precursors) It occurs during prolonged fasting to synthesize glucose for tissues requiring continuous supply of glucose as a source of energy: Brain, RBCs, Kidn ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.