PASS MOCK EXAM
... 39. n a biochemical reaction, reactants may be converted into products. The extent to which this occurs spontaneously is expressed as which of the following? a. ∆G b. Keq c. Temperature d. All of the above 40. A properly folded protein contains which amino acid in its core depth? a. Lys b. ...
... 39. n a biochemical reaction, reactants may be converted into products. The extent to which this occurs spontaneously is expressed as which of the following? a. ∆G b. Keq c. Temperature d. All of the above 40. A properly folded protein contains which amino acid in its core depth? a. Lys b. ...
Jeopardy Review Enzyme/Energetics
... The process by which living things release the energy stored in food molecules ...
... The process by which living things release the energy stored in food molecules ...
AP Biology Cellular Respiration Notes 9.1
... production of ATP by chemiosmosis. 1. Electrons are made available in the Citric Acid cycle. 2. The first protein in the ETC is reduced when it accepts e-‘s 3. The proteins of the ETC are arranged by increasing electronegativity 4. The proteins pull the e- back and forth across the membrane “exergon ...
... production of ATP by chemiosmosis. 1. Electrons are made available in the Citric Acid cycle. 2. The first protein in the ETC is reduced when it accepts e-‘s 3. The proteins of the ETC are arranged by increasing electronegativity 4. The proteins pull the e- back and forth across the membrane “exergon ...
Cellular Respiration
... Regenerates NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue Fermentation produces NO ATP Glycolysis uses NAD+ to produce 2 ATP ...
... Regenerates NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue Fermentation produces NO ATP Glycolysis uses NAD+ to produce 2 ATP ...
Metabolism PPT File
... • Metabolism is the total of all the chemical processes that take place in the body. These chemical processes convert the food you eat into the energy and ...
... • Metabolism is the total of all the chemical processes that take place in the body. These chemical processes convert the food you eat into the energy and ...
Unit 2 Test Review
... Loses 2 CO2 3 NAD+ reduced to NADH 1 FAD reduced to FADH2 carbon compound converted back to Oxaloacetate to receive another Acetyl CoA o Occurs in the matrix of mitochondria o Overall energy yield (per glucose): 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2ATP Stage 4: Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis o NADH ...
... Loses 2 CO2 3 NAD+ reduced to NADH 1 FAD reduced to FADH2 carbon compound converted back to Oxaloacetate to receive another Acetyl CoA o Occurs in the matrix of mitochondria o Overall energy yield (per glucose): 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2ATP Stage 4: Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis o NADH ...
Bio260 Exam1.1 MW review
... • Define metabolism and describe the difference between anabolism and catabolism. • Define enzymes and their characteristics. – Understand the factors that influence enzyme activity: temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and inhibitors. – Understand competitive and noncompetitive inhibition. ...
... • Define metabolism and describe the difference between anabolism and catabolism. • Define enzymes and their characteristics. – Understand the factors that influence enzyme activity: temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and inhibitors. – Understand competitive and noncompetitive inhibition. ...
8.1 – Cell Respiration
... This is also called the citric acid cycle. After the link reaction, the acetyl CoA reacts with oxaloacetate [OAA], with the result of CoA and citrate. Citrate then gives off two molecules of CO2 in separate decarboxylation reactions. A molecule of ATP is formed at substrate level. NADH2 is converted ...
... This is also called the citric acid cycle. After the link reaction, the acetyl CoA reacts with oxaloacetate [OAA], with the result of CoA and citrate. Citrate then gives off two molecules of CO2 in separate decarboxylation reactions. A molecule of ATP is formed at substrate level. NADH2 is converted ...
Document
... muscle returns to resting length. Titin is the largest polypeptide known (34,350 amino acids in length). It spans from the M to Z lines. ...
... muscle returns to resting length. Titin is the largest polypeptide known (34,350 amino acids in length). It spans from the M to Z lines. ...
The TCA Cycle
... a. In reality, it consists of five enzyme-catalyzed reactions. b. The first is catalyzed by E1, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). TPP takes pyruvate in and reacts it with thiamine. Thiamine attacks the alpha carbon of pyruvate, causing the release of CO 2, and causing the formation of an intermediate th ...
... a. In reality, it consists of five enzyme-catalyzed reactions. b. The first is catalyzed by E1, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). TPP takes pyruvate in and reacts it with thiamine. Thiamine attacks the alpha carbon of pyruvate, causing the release of CO 2, and causing the formation of an intermediate th ...
Cellular Respiration (Chapter 8) Outline The Killers Are Coming
... 3. Most of the molecules are recycled to conserve oxaloacetate for continuous processing of acetyl-CoA. ...
... 3. Most of the molecules are recycled to conserve oxaloacetate for continuous processing of acetyl-CoA. ...
Part 2 - Saddleback College
... Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) – energy rich molecule which will be shuttled to the ETC & undergo oxidative phosphorylation to yield more (Think: Disney dollars - can only get this energy converted to ATP at the ETC) ...
... Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) – energy rich molecule which will be shuttled to the ETC & undergo oxidative phosphorylation to yield more (Think: Disney dollars - can only get this energy converted to ATP at the ETC) ...
3. GLYCOLYSIS
... up into mitochondria, and after conversion to acety-CoA is oxidized to CO2 by the citric acid cycle. • The reducing equivalents from the NADH+H+ formed in glycolysis are taken up into mitochontria for oxidation. ...
... up into mitochondria, and after conversion to acety-CoA is oxidized to CO2 by the citric acid cycle. • The reducing equivalents from the NADH+H+ formed in glycolysis are taken up into mitochontria for oxidation. ...
ReadingStudyGuide1.W97
... place, what is the fate of the carbon atoms that are cleaved from the pyruvate in the process of making acetyl CoA? 11. Are ATP and/or NADH produced when pyruvate is converted into Acetyl CoA? If so, how many? 12. Each acetyl CoA has how many carbon atoms in its structure? If both molecules of acety ...
... place, what is the fate of the carbon atoms that are cleaved from the pyruvate in the process of making acetyl CoA? 11. Are ATP and/or NADH produced when pyruvate is converted into Acetyl CoA? If so, how many? 12. Each acetyl CoA has how many carbon atoms in its structure? If both molecules of acety ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY - Illinois State University
... Feed-forward activation • Metabolite early in the pathway activates an enzyme further down the pathway ...
... Feed-forward activation • Metabolite early in the pathway activates an enzyme further down the pathway ...
Prescott`s Microbiology, 9th Edition 12 Anabolism: The Use of
... 2. The carboxylation phase—the enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco) catalyzes the addition of carbon dioxide to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, forming two molecules of 3phosphoglycerate 3. The reduction phase—3-phosphoglycerate is reduced to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 4. The ...
... 2. The carboxylation phase—the enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco) catalyzes the addition of carbon dioxide to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, forming two molecules of 3phosphoglycerate 3. The reduction phase—3-phosphoglycerate is reduced to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 4. The ...
Overview of Energy and Metabolism
... ATP production from Carbohydrates Eelectron Transport Chain A series of Oxidative Phosphorylation reactions Oxidation = the removal of electrons from a molecule and results in a decrease in the energy content of the molecule. Because most biological reactions involve the loss of hydrogen atoms, the ...
... ATP production from Carbohydrates Eelectron Transport Chain A series of Oxidative Phosphorylation reactions Oxidation = the removal of electrons from a molecule and results in a decrease in the energy content of the molecule. Because most biological reactions involve the loss of hydrogen atoms, the ...
REVIEW - CELL RESPIRATION
... AEROBIC ____________________________________________________________________ ANAEROBIC ...
... AEROBIC ____________________________________________________________________ ANAEROBIC ...
Respiration
... • One 6C glucose is hydrolyzed into 2 (3C) pyruvates • Energy released is used for substrate level phosphorilation of 2 molecules of ATP. • Hydrogen electrons reduce 2 NAD+ to 2 NADH + 2H+ – NADH + H+ will proceed to the electron transport chain in the mitochondria, where their energy will power the ...
... • One 6C glucose is hydrolyzed into 2 (3C) pyruvates • Energy released is used for substrate level phosphorilation of 2 molecules of ATP. • Hydrogen electrons reduce 2 NAD+ to 2 NADH + 2H+ – NADH + H+ will proceed to the electron transport chain in the mitochondria, where their energy will power the ...
Name KEY Block Date Ch 8 – Photosynthesis + Ch 9 – Cellular
... a. Glycolysis - Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid b. Krebs Cycle -Pyruvic acid is added to a cycle of chemical reactions where it is broken own into carbon dioxide in order to from the energy carriers FADH2, more NADH and ATP c. Electron transport (chain) - Energy carriers NADH ...
... a. Glycolysis - Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid b. Krebs Cycle -Pyruvic acid is added to a cycle of chemical reactions where it is broken own into carbon dioxide in order to from the energy carriers FADH2, more NADH and ATP c. Electron transport (chain) - Energy carriers NADH ...
Perspectives in Nutrition, 8th Edition
... metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, beta-oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport system. 4. Describe the role that acetyl-CoA plays in cell metabolism. 5. Identify the conditions that lead to ketogenesis and its importance in survival during fasting. 6. Describe the process ...
... metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, beta-oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport system. 4. Describe the role that acetyl-CoA plays in cell metabolism. 5. Identify the conditions that lead to ketogenesis and its importance in survival during fasting. 6. Describe the process ...
THE CELLULAR RESPIRATION SAGA II: THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... Energy released and available for making ...
... Energy released and available for making ...
Final Review - Chemistry Courses: About: Department of
... 16. energetics of FA synthesis and degradation 17. nitrogen processing, catabolism of AA 18. medical applications of nucleotide metabolism 19. nucleic acid structure on atomic level ...
... 16. energetics of FA synthesis and degradation 17. nitrogen processing, catabolism of AA 18. medical applications of nucleotide metabolism 19. nucleic acid structure on atomic level ...
Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy
... • Glycolysis operates in the presence or absence of O2. • Under aerobic conditions, cellular respiration continues the breakdown process. ...
... • Glycolysis operates in the presence or absence of O2. • Under aerobic conditions, cellular respiration continues the breakdown process. ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.