22. Think of two different proteins: both are enzymes. a) What
... c) For each of the processes, tell which of the following compounds is produced (net): ADP, ATP, NAD, NADH Glycolysis=ATP, NADH Citrus acid cycle= NADH, ATP Oxidative phosphorylation= ATP, NAD d) At the end of a complete round of all 3 processes above, which of the following compounds has the cell n ...
... c) For each of the processes, tell which of the following compounds is produced (net): ADP, ATP, NAD, NADH Glycolysis=ATP, NADH Citrus acid cycle= NADH, ATP Oxidative phosphorylation= ATP, NAD d) At the end of a complete round of all 3 processes above, which of the following compounds has the cell n ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... 21. Define DPD. Explain how DPD is determined? 22. Describe an experiment to prove SPAC concept. 23. Write notes on the process of sugar translocation. 24. Explain acidification and deacidification in CAM plants. 25. Briefly explain the pigments of photosynthesis. 26. Describe the process of amino a ...
... 21. Define DPD. Explain how DPD is determined? 22. Describe an experiment to prove SPAC concept. 23. Write notes on the process of sugar translocation. 24. Explain acidification and deacidification in CAM plants. 25. Briefly explain the pigments of photosynthesis. 26. Describe the process of amino a ...
File - Hope Christian College Parent and Student Portal
... Energy – Cells need energy to do work and to catalyse reactions •Energy is also needed for growth, cell division, movement and to get rid of waste products. •Energy comes in different forms but cells use chemical energy. •Chemical energy is stored in bonds or the connections that join the atoms to m ...
... Energy – Cells need energy to do work and to catalyse reactions •Energy is also needed for growth, cell division, movement and to get rid of waste products. •Energy comes in different forms but cells use chemical energy. •Chemical energy is stored in bonds or the connections that join the atoms to m ...
Cell Biology
... o If oxygen available, pyruvate fed into TCA cycle where it generates some ATP and more NADH(H+) and FADH2 are used to generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmotic coupling via ETS. Oxidized to carbon dioxide. o If there is no oxygen available or cannot be used another way to regenerat ...
... o If oxygen available, pyruvate fed into TCA cycle where it generates some ATP and more NADH(H+) and FADH2 are used to generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmotic coupling via ETS. Oxidized to carbon dioxide. o If there is no oxygen available or cannot be used another way to regenerat ...
basic biochemistry - Personal Webspace for QMUL
... Two three-carbon compounds are formed from one molecule of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Energy yield in the conversion of glucose into pyruvate The net reaction in the transformation of glucose into pyruvate is: Glucose + 2Pi + 2ADP + 2NAD ...
... Two three-carbon compounds are formed from one molecule of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Energy yield in the conversion of glucose into pyruvate The net reaction in the transformation of glucose into pyruvate is: Glucose + 2Pi + 2ADP + 2NAD ...
Mitochondria Mitochondria are the organelles that function as the
... The glycolytic pathway (glycolysis) is where glucose, the smallest molecule that a carbohydrate can be broken into during digestion, gets oxidized and broken into two 3carbon molecules (pyruvates), which are then fed into the Kreb's Cycle. Glycolysis is the beginning of cellular respiration and take ...
... The glycolytic pathway (glycolysis) is where glucose, the smallest molecule that a carbohydrate can be broken into during digestion, gets oxidized and broken into two 3carbon molecules (pyruvates), which are then fed into the Kreb's Cycle. Glycolysis is the beginning of cellular respiration and take ...
electron transport chain
... 1. substrate-level phosphorylation – transferring a phosphate directly from substrate molecules to ADP. 2. oxidative phosphorylation – use of ATP synthase and energy derived from a proton (H+) gradient to make ATP, occurs only in O2 presence. The complete oxidation of glucose proceeds in stages: 1. ...
... 1. substrate-level phosphorylation – transferring a phosphate directly from substrate molecules to ADP. 2. oxidative phosphorylation – use of ATP synthase and energy derived from a proton (H+) gradient to make ATP, occurs only in O2 presence. The complete oxidation of glucose proceeds in stages: 1. ...
1 - SchoolNotes
... 84. The major enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of carbon dioxide is called _________________ 85. The first reaction in the citric acid cydle is binding _______________ 86. Acetyl-CoA is produced from __________________ 87. What process produces both NADH and FADH2? 88. Cellular respiration yields ...
... 84. The major enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of carbon dioxide is called _________________ 85. The first reaction in the citric acid cydle is binding _______________ 86. Acetyl-CoA is produced from __________________ 87. What process produces both NADH and FADH2? 88. Cellular respiration yields ...
Who Wants To Be A Biologist?
... light-dependent reactions. This part of the light reactions makes ATP, which goes to the dark reactions to make glucose. ...
... light-dependent reactions. This part of the light reactions makes ATP, which goes to the dark reactions to make glucose. ...
Micro Lab Unit 1 Flashcards
... 36) What is the term for breaking glucose down into ATP? 37) Is glycolysis anaerobic (requires no oxygen) or aerobic (requires oxygen)? 38) The fate of two pyruvic acids is dependent on the presence of what? 39) If oxygen is not present, during glycolysis the two pyruvic acids will remain in cytosol ...
... 36) What is the term for breaking glucose down into ATP? 37) Is glycolysis anaerobic (requires no oxygen) or aerobic (requires oxygen)? 38) The fate of two pyruvic acids is dependent on the presence of what? 39) If oxygen is not present, during glycolysis the two pyruvic acids will remain in cytosol ...
Study Guide
... group, carboxyl group, and an R-group b. R-groups are different between amino acids c. Proteins are used in cells to form structures, fight disease, and to catalyze chemical reactions ...
... group, carboxyl group, and an R-group b. R-groups are different between amino acids c. Proteins are used in cells to form structures, fight disease, and to catalyze chemical reactions ...
Unit 7
... oxygen present. Pyruvate from glycolysis is metabolized to produce molecules other than acetyl CoA. • Fermentation pathways -Fermentation yields enough energy for many single-celled anaerobic organisms and is sufficient for some aerobic organisms when oxygen levels are diminished, but as a whole, is ...
... oxygen present. Pyruvate from glycolysis is metabolized to produce molecules other than acetyl CoA. • Fermentation pathways -Fermentation yields enough energy for many single-celled anaerobic organisms and is sufficient for some aerobic organisms when oxygen levels are diminished, but as a whole, is ...
BBS2710 Microbial Physiology Module 5
... • Energy from oxidation-reduction reactions must be conserved to be useful in biosynthesis • most energy generating O-R reactions linked directly or indirectly to ATP synthesis • ATP is the primary energy carrier in living organisms • high energy phosphate bonds provide an easily exploited energy so ...
... • Energy from oxidation-reduction reactions must be conserved to be useful in biosynthesis • most energy generating O-R reactions linked directly or indirectly to ATP synthesis • ATP is the primary energy carrier in living organisms • high energy phosphate bonds provide an easily exploited energy so ...
Glycolysis - medscistudents
... The kinase reaction is bypassed in the erythrocytes No energy is trapped from 2, 3 BPG The BPG when combines with Hb, reduces the affinity of Hb towards oxygen. In the presence of 2, 3 BPG oxyhemoglobin unload oxygen more easily in tissues Therefore the 2, 3 BPG increases in hypoxic condition ...
... The kinase reaction is bypassed in the erythrocytes No energy is trapped from 2, 3 BPG The BPG when combines with Hb, reduces the affinity of Hb towards oxygen. In the presence of 2, 3 BPG oxyhemoglobin unload oxygen more easily in tissues Therefore the 2, 3 BPG increases in hypoxic condition ...
electron transport chain.
... • This step is carried out by a multi-enzyme complex that catalyzes three reactions. ...
... • This step is carried out by a multi-enzyme complex that catalyzes three reactions. ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Hydrogen ions are stripped of their energy, and large amounts of ATP are formed. –Takes place in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. –The used ions and Hydronium are combined with –oxygen to form H2O. –Produces: • 34 ATP ...
... • Hydrogen ions are stripped of their energy, and large amounts of ATP are formed. –Takes place in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. –The used ions and Hydronium are combined with –oxygen to form H2O. –Produces: • 34 ATP ...
Biology
... components: glycolysis, glucose, pyruvic acid, NADH, cytoplasm, carbon dioxide, mitochondrion, Krebs cycle, ATP, ETC, ATP synthase action. ...
... components: glycolysis, glucose, pyruvic acid, NADH, cytoplasm, carbon dioxide, mitochondrion, Krebs cycle, ATP, ETC, ATP synthase action. ...
Document
... b- The formation of acetyl-co-A: The conversion of all these substances (hexoses, pentoses, F.A., A.A.) into 2 carbon compound which is Acetyl-CO-A which is common among all these nutrients. c. Oxidation of the Acetyl-CO-A into Co2 + H2O. the energy is produced as (ATP) in krebs TcA cycle. * These c ...
... b- The formation of acetyl-co-A: The conversion of all these substances (hexoses, pentoses, F.A., A.A.) into 2 carbon compound which is Acetyl-CO-A which is common among all these nutrients. c. Oxidation of the Acetyl-CO-A into Co2 + H2O. the energy is produced as (ATP) in krebs TcA cycle. * These c ...
metabolism in muscle and nerves
... Energy production/utilization disorders •Fatty acid oxidation defects •Carbohydrate utilization, production disorders (glycogen storage, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenolysis disorders) •Mitochondrial disorders •Peroxisomal disorders ...
... Energy production/utilization disorders •Fatty acid oxidation defects •Carbohydrate utilization, production disorders (glycogen storage, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenolysis disorders) •Mitochondrial disorders •Peroxisomal disorders ...
Lh6Ch18AAOxid
... Things to Know and Do Before Class 1. Amino acids from protein are an important energy source in carnivorous animals and during starvation. 2. The first step of AA catabolism is transfer of the NH3 via PLP-dependent aminotransferase usually to ketoglutarate to yield L-glutamate. 3. In most mammal ...
... Things to Know and Do Before Class 1. Amino acids from protein are an important energy source in carnivorous animals and during starvation. 2. The first step of AA catabolism is transfer of the NH3 via PLP-dependent aminotransferase usually to ketoglutarate to yield L-glutamate. 3. In most mammal ...
File - Mrs. LeCompte
... Occurs along the inner membrane of the mitochondria Accepts energized electrons (e-s) from reduced coenzymes (NADH and FADH2) Couples the exergonic slide of e-s to ATP synthesis or… OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION = ATP production that is coupled to the exergonic transfer of e-s from food to oxygen ...
... Occurs along the inner membrane of the mitochondria Accepts energized electrons (e-s) from reduced coenzymes (NADH and FADH2) Couples the exergonic slide of e-s to ATP synthesis or… OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION = ATP production that is coupled to the exergonic transfer of e-s from food to oxygen ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
... of cellular respiration, glycolysis, takes place in the cell cytoplasm. The two remaining pathways—the Krebs Cycle and electron transport—take place inside the mitochondria of the cell. ...
... of cellular respiration, glycolysis, takes place in the cell cytoplasm. The two remaining pathways—the Krebs Cycle and electron transport—take place inside the mitochondria of the cell. ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.