Ketogenic amino acids
... pyruvate, a-ketoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, fumarate, or oxaloacetate (glucose precursors). - TCA cycle intermediates or precursors to be metabolized to CO2, H2O, or for use in gluconeogenesis. • Ketogenic amino acids, are broken down to acetyl-CoA, beta hydroxy butyrate or acetoacetate and therefore c ...
... pyruvate, a-ketoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, fumarate, or oxaloacetate (glucose precursors). - TCA cycle intermediates or precursors to be metabolized to CO2, H2O, or for use in gluconeogenesis. • Ketogenic amino acids, are broken down to acetyl-CoA, beta hydroxy butyrate or acetoacetate and therefore c ...
Chapter 9
... • The citric acid cycle, also called the Krebs cycle, takes place within the mitochondrial matrix • The cycle oxidizes organic fuel derived from pyruvate, generating one ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 per turn ...
... • The citric acid cycle, also called the Krebs cycle, takes place within the mitochondrial matrix • The cycle oxidizes organic fuel derived from pyruvate, generating one ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 per turn ...
video slide - Somers Public Schools
... • The citric acid cycle, also called the Krebs cycle, takes place within the mitochondrial matrix • The cycle oxidizes organic fuel derived from pyruvate, generating one ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 per turn ...
... • The citric acid cycle, also called the Krebs cycle, takes place within the mitochondrial matrix • The cycle oxidizes organic fuel derived from pyruvate, generating one ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 per turn ...
EOC Macromolecules
... brinogen is made of chains of amino acids, it is an example of which type of organic molecule? A. ...
... brinogen is made of chains of amino acids, it is an example of which type of organic molecule? A. ...
RESPIRATION
... ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION Occurs when bacteria and fungi (yeast) break down plants (Ex: vegetables and fruit) and release alcohol or vinegar. ...
... ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION Occurs when bacteria and fungi (yeast) break down plants (Ex: vegetables and fruit) and release alcohol or vinegar. ...
PowerPoint lecture
... • ATP can form by carbohydrate breakdown in fermentation pathways, which are anaerobic • The end product of lactate fermentation is lactate. The end product of alcoholic fermentation is ethanol • Both pathways have a net yield of two ATP per glucose molecule; the ATP forms during glycolysis ...
... • ATP can form by carbohydrate breakdown in fermentation pathways, which are anaerobic • The end product of lactate fermentation is lactate. The end product of alcoholic fermentation is ethanol • Both pathways have a net yield of two ATP per glucose molecule; the ATP forms during glycolysis ...
You Light Up My Life - Hillsborough Community College
... • Proteins are broken down to amino acids • Amino acids are broken apart • Amino group is removed, ammonia forms, is converted to urea and excreted ...
... • Proteins are broken down to amino acids • Amino acids are broken apart • Amino group is removed, ammonia forms, is converted to urea and excreted ...
File - Mr. Doyle SUIS Science
... • ATP can form by carbohydrate breakdown in fermentation pathways, which are anaerobic • The end product of lactate fermentation is lactate. The end product of alcoholic fermentation is ethanol • Both pathways have a net yield of two ATP per glucose molecule; the ATP forms during glycolysis • Fermen ...
... • ATP can form by carbohydrate breakdown in fermentation pathways, which are anaerobic • The end product of lactate fermentation is lactate. The end product of alcoholic fermentation is ethanol • Both pathways have a net yield of two ATP per glucose molecule; the ATP forms during glycolysis • Fermen ...
Metabolism of amino acids, porphyrins
... •The others are classed as "essential" amino acids and must be obtained in the diet ...
... •The others are classed as "essential" amino acids and must be obtained in the diet ...
Regulation of fatty acid oxidation in cells
... the sensitivity of C P T I to inhibition by malonylCoA [17]. C P T I activity can be measured in intact isolated liver mitochondria, however hormonal effects induced in v i m may not necessarily be preserved during isolation [ 171. Several groups have investigated the effects of glucagon on CPT I in ...
... the sensitivity of C P T I to inhibition by malonylCoA [17]. C P T I activity can be measured in intact isolated liver mitochondria, however hormonal effects induced in v i m may not necessarily be preserved during isolation [ 171. Several groups have investigated the effects of glucagon on CPT I in ...
008 Chapter 08 Metabolism: Energy Enzymes and Regulation 1
... A. alpha-oxidation B. beta-oxidation C. gamma-oxidation D. delta-oxidation 28. During breakdown of fatty acids, carbons are removed __________ at a time as __________. A. one; carbon dioxide B. one; methane C. two; acetyl-CoA D. two; ethanol 29. Amino acids are processed first by the removal of the ...
... A. alpha-oxidation B. beta-oxidation C. gamma-oxidation D. delta-oxidation 28. During breakdown of fatty acids, carbons are removed __________ at a time as __________. A. one; carbon dioxide B. one; methane C. two; acetyl-CoA D. two; ethanol 29. Amino acids are processed first by the removal of the ...
7. Metabolism
... energy, amino acids to a lesser extent. • Glucose is made from all carbohydrates, most amino acids and the glycerol portion of fat. • Protein is made from amino acids. • Glucose can be made into nonessential amino acids if nitrogen is present ...
... energy, amino acids to a lesser extent. • Glucose is made from all carbohydrates, most amino acids and the glycerol portion of fat. • Protein is made from amino acids. • Glucose can be made into nonessential amino acids if nitrogen is present ...
2. How we study biology • The scientific method requires controls
... - Motility: contractions of the smooth muscle layers, mixes food with secretions and moves it through the GI tract. The two common types are motion: segmentation and peristalsis. - Secretion: exocrine glands secret chemicals, digestive enzymes, which mix with food in the intestinal tract and break t ...
... - Motility: contractions of the smooth muscle layers, mixes food with secretions and moves it through the GI tract. The two common types are motion: segmentation and peristalsis. - Secretion: exocrine glands secret chemicals, digestive enzymes, which mix with food in the intestinal tract and break t ...
doc BIOC 311 Final Study Guide
... a. The same thing happens in the heart, but high [cAMP] stimulates AMPDependent Kinase (AMPK), which phosphorylates PFK-2 to activate it. E. How does pyruvate get to the mitochondria for the Krebs Cycle? 1. Malate-Aspartate Shuttle: Involves reduction of oxaloacetate to malate (via NADH), transport ...
... a. The same thing happens in the heart, but high [cAMP] stimulates AMPDependent Kinase (AMPK), which phosphorylates PFK-2 to activate it. E. How does pyruvate get to the mitochondria for the Krebs Cycle? 1. Malate-Aspartate Shuttle: Involves reduction of oxaloacetate to malate (via NADH), transport ...
CHAPTER 9: HOW CELLS HARVEST ENERGY
... produces twice the quantity of each substance. Oxidative respiration in itself produces no more ATP than glycolysis, but it becomes highly efficient only when it is coupled to the fourth stage, the chemiosmotic generation of ATP via an electron transport chain. This process occurs on the inner mitoc ...
... produces twice the quantity of each substance. Oxidative respiration in itself produces no more ATP than glycolysis, but it becomes highly efficient only when it is coupled to the fourth stage, the chemiosmotic generation of ATP via an electron transport chain. This process occurs on the inner mitoc ...
Metabolism of cardiac muscles
... (pyruvate) oxidation. • The increased generation of acetyl CoA derived from glucose (pyruvate) oxidation inhibits fatty acid -oxidation ...
... (pyruvate) oxidation. • The increased generation of acetyl CoA derived from glucose (pyruvate) oxidation inhibits fatty acid -oxidation ...
III. 4. Test Respiració cel·lular
... chain at the lowest energy level? A) NAD+ B) NADH C) ATP D) ADP + Pi E) FADH2 Topic: Concept 9.4 Skill: Knowledge ...
... chain at the lowest energy level? A) NAD+ B) NADH C) ATP D) ADP + Pi E) FADH2 Topic: Concept 9.4 Skill: Knowledge ...
Energy For Movement
... glucose-6-phosphate before it can be used for energy. For glucose this process takes 1 ATP. • Glycolysis ultimately produces pyruvic acid which is then converted to lactic acid in the absence of oxygen. • Gycolysis requires 12 enzymatic reactions to form lactic acid which occur within the cells cyto ...
... glucose-6-phosphate before it can be used for energy. For glucose this process takes 1 ATP. • Glycolysis ultimately produces pyruvic acid which is then converted to lactic acid in the absence of oxygen. • Gycolysis requires 12 enzymatic reactions to form lactic acid which occur within the cells cyto ...
2.277 December 2005 Final Exam
... One molecule of water is consumed at the reaction step catalyzed by fumarase. Two molecules of CO2 are produced A total of three pairs of electrons are transferred to coenzymes. One GDP is phosphorylated by direct chemical coupling (substrate level phosphorylation). E) One carbon-carbon bond is oxid ...
... One molecule of water is consumed at the reaction step catalyzed by fumarase. Two molecules of CO2 are produced A total of three pairs of electrons are transferred to coenzymes. One GDP is phosphorylated by direct chemical coupling (substrate level phosphorylation). E) One carbon-carbon bond is oxid ...
Gluconeogenesis by Dr Tarek
... PC glycolysis is inhibited and gluconeogenesis is activited • During starvation, the priority is to conserve blood glucose for the brain and muscle. Thus, under these conditions, PK in the liver is switched off. This occurs because the hormone glucagon is secreted into the bloodstream and activates ...
... PC glycolysis is inhibited and gluconeogenesis is activited • During starvation, the priority is to conserve blood glucose for the brain and muscle. Thus, under these conditions, PK in the liver is switched off. This occurs because the hormone glucagon is secreted into the bloodstream and activates ...
I - Decatur ISD
... Proteins are building blocks of structures called _______________________. Proteins are what your DNA codes to make A peptide bond forms between amino acids by dehydration synthesis. ____________________________= the building up of large molecules by removing water molecules Enzymes A. Speci ...
... Proteins are building blocks of structures called _______________________. Proteins are what your DNA codes to make A peptide bond forms between amino acids by dehydration synthesis. ____________________________= the building up of large molecules by removing water molecules Enzymes A. Speci ...
Hein and Arena
... • In general, when an amino acid is used for some purpose other than protein synthesis, the amino acid carbon skeleton is separated from the amino acid nitrogen. • A process called transamination is responsible for most of the nitrogen transfer to and from amino acids. ...
... • In general, when an amino acid is used for some purpose other than protein synthesis, the amino acid carbon skeleton is separated from the amino acid nitrogen. • A process called transamination is responsible for most of the nitrogen transfer to and from amino acids. ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.