A 3-month old female infant seemed normal until she developed
... transported to the TCA cycle where is gets converted to glucose. Pyruvate carboxylase ensures that there is a constant supply of oxaloacetate for the TCA cycle by forming oxaloacetate directly from pyruvate by the addition of carbon, this addition of carbon dioxide happens due to ATP and biotin. Pyr ...
... transported to the TCA cycle where is gets converted to glucose. Pyruvate carboxylase ensures that there is a constant supply of oxaloacetate for the TCA cycle by forming oxaloacetate directly from pyruvate by the addition of carbon, this addition of carbon dioxide happens due to ATP and biotin. Pyr ...
Lec.4 AA Metabolism Glucogenic and Ketogenic Amino Acids
... 4. Histidine is oxidatively deaminated by histidase to urocanic acid, which subsequently forms N-formiminoglutamate. Formimino glutamate donates its formimino group to tetrahydrofolate, leaving glutamate , which is degraded as described above. C- Amino acids that form pyruvate: 1. Alanine can loss i ...
... 4. Histidine is oxidatively deaminated by histidase to urocanic acid, which subsequently forms N-formiminoglutamate. Formimino glutamate donates its formimino group to tetrahydrofolate, leaving glutamate , which is degraded as described above. C- Amino acids that form pyruvate: 1. Alanine can loss i ...
Proteins are made of subunits called amino acids and are
... COLOR and LABEL the parts of a nucleotide --- sugar (5-sided)-green, phosphate group (round)yellow, and nitrogen base (6-sided)-blue. ATP used for cellular energy is a high energy nucleotide with three phosphate groups. Color code the ATP and LABEL THE PHOSPHATES. ...
... COLOR and LABEL the parts of a nucleotide --- sugar (5-sided)-green, phosphate group (round)yellow, and nitrogen base (6-sided)-blue. ATP used for cellular energy is a high energy nucleotide with three phosphate groups. Color code the ATP and LABEL THE PHOSPHATES. ...
09_Lectures_PPT
... • The citric acid cycle, also called the Krebs cycle, takes place within the mitochondrial matrix • The cycle oxidizes organic fuel derived from pyruvate, generating one ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 per turn ...
... • The citric acid cycle, also called the Krebs cycle, takes place within the mitochondrial matrix • The cycle oxidizes organic fuel derived from pyruvate, generating one ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 per turn ...
Lecture 16 (Parker) - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... QH2 enters complex III and ultimately transfers one of its electrons to cytochrome c with two protons being pumped into the intermembrane space. The other electron is transferred to another Q residing in a second binding site. The second half of the cycle an additional QH2 binds and transfers one el ...
... QH2 enters complex III and ultimately transfers one of its electrons to cytochrome c with two protons being pumped into the intermembrane space. The other electron is transferred to another Q residing in a second binding site. The second half of the cycle an additional QH2 binds and transfers one el ...
09_Lectures_PPT
... • The citric acid cycle, also called the Krebs cycle, takes place within the mitochondrial matrix • The cycle oxidizes organic fuel derived from pyruvate, generating one ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 per turn ...
... • The citric acid cycle, also called the Krebs cycle, takes place within the mitochondrial matrix • The cycle oxidizes organic fuel derived from pyruvate, generating one ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 per turn ...
Ch 28 Reading guide
... 4. The synthesis of palmitate requires _____ molecules of NADPH as well as __________. 5. The shuttle that returns oxaloacetate back to the matrix also produces _____________, which is needed in fatty acid synthesis. 6. Draw the product of the reaction catalyzed by acetyl CA carboxylase. Which cofac ...
... 4. The synthesis of palmitate requires _____ molecules of NADPH as well as __________. 5. The shuttle that returns oxaloacetate back to the matrix also produces _____________, which is needed in fatty acid synthesis. 6. Draw the product of the reaction catalyzed by acetyl CA carboxylase. Which cofac ...
Chapter 8 THE ENERGY CONSUMING PROCESS OF RESPIRATION
... Each (8) gains one(9)_____________ group from the cytoplasm, then (10)_____________ atoms and electrons from each PGAL are transferred to NAD, changing this coenzyme to NADH. At the same time, two (11) _____________ molecules form by substrate-level phosphorylation; the cell’s energy investment is p ...
... Each (8) gains one(9)_____________ group from the cytoplasm, then (10)_____________ atoms and electrons from each PGAL are transferred to NAD, changing this coenzyme to NADH. At the same time, two (11) _____________ molecules form by substrate-level phosphorylation; the cell’s energy investment is p ...
Slide 1
... ones) use the Krebs Cycle, electron transport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation. There’s just one set of reactions to worry about for them. ...
... ones) use the Krebs Cycle, electron transport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation. There’s just one set of reactions to worry about for them. ...
Second Half of Glycolysis
... Glycolysis is the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cellular metabolism. Nearly all living organisms carry out glycolysis as part of their metabolism. The process does not use oxygen and is therefore anaerobic. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic an ...
... Glycolysis is the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cellular metabolism. Nearly all living organisms carry out glycolysis as part of their metabolism. The process does not use oxygen and is therefore anaerobic. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic an ...
Document
... In animals and bacteria the extra step converts pyruvate to lactate (or lactic acid). This is a reduction, so NADH is used and NAD is regenerated, to be used in glycolysis. The reaction is reversible, so the energy remaining in the lactate molecule can be retrieved when oxygen becomes available and ...
... In animals and bacteria the extra step converts pyruvate to lactate (or lactic acid). This is a reduction, so NADH is used and NAD is regenerated, to be used in glycolysis. The reaction is reversible, so the energy remaining in the lactate molecule can be retrieved when oxygen becomes available and ...
complex I
... * During the transfer of electrons from NADH to oxygen, ubiquinone and cytochrome c serve as mobile carriers. * Protons are pumped across the membrane by each of the respiratory enzyme complexes. ...
... * During the transfer of electrons from NADH to oxygen, ubiquinone and cytochrome c serve as mobile carriers. * Protons are pumped across the membrane by each of the respiratory enzyme complexes. ...
Lecture 7
... H (electrons and H+) removed from high energy C-H bonds (all the way to CO2 in the citric acid cycle) ...
... H (electrons and H+) removed from high energy C-H bonds (all the way to CO2 in the citric acid cycle) ...
Ch 9 Notes - Dublin City Schools
... You down with NAD+???? • If oxygen is present, pyruvate will enter the mitochondrian and go through the citric acid cycle. • NAD+ = coenzyme – Functions as an oxidizing agent by accepting electrons – Accepts electrons during glycolysis and citric acid cycle – Converted NADH when it accepts electron ...
... You down with NAD+???? • If oxygen is present, pyruvate will enter the mitochondrian and go through the citric acid cycle. • NAD+ = coenzyme – Functions as an oxidizing agent by accepting electrons – Accepts electrons during glycolysis and citric acid cycle – Converted NADH when it accepts electron ...
Cellular Respiration - Labs - Department of Plant Biology, Cornell
... bound to ignore the yeast in this phenomenon, or at the most will concede to it only the role of initiator! Very well! Learn that this yeast always borrows something from the sugar, and makes a part of its own tissues out of this food. Learn also that it is only on the condition of keeping a little ...
... bound to ignore the yeast in this phenomenon, or at the most will concede to it only the role of initiator! Very well! Learn that this yeast always borrows something from the sugar, and makes a part of its own tissues out of this food. Learn also that it is only on the condition of keeping a little ...
Chap 7 PP
... of living things. • For ATP to be produced, a third phosphate group must be added to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) through a redox reaction. ...
... of living things. • For ATP to be produced, a third phosphate group must be added to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) through a redox reaction. ...
File - Biology Class With Mrs. Caskey
... Enzymes - with few exceptions, they are proteins Catalyst - substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. Living organisms contain enzymes, which are catalysts. (used for digestion, respiration, etc.) Characteristics of Enzymes Are not used up in a reaction Combine with substrates ...
... Enzymes - with few exceptions, they are proteins Catalyst - substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. Living organisms contain enzymes, which are catalysts. (used for digestion, respiration, etc.) Characteristics of Enzymes Are not used up in a reaction Combine with substrates ...
Carbon (Organic) Chemistry
... Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1 They are the main source of energy for living things. They have structural purposes in plants and animals Monomers are monosaccharides, Polymers are polysaccharides ...
... Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1 They are the main source of energy for living things. They have structural purposes in plants and animals Monomers are monosaccharides, Polymers are polysaccharides ...
Oxidation of Carbohydrate
... Oxidation of Carbohydrate: Glycolysis Revisited • Glycolysis can occur with or without O2 – ATP yield same as anaerobic glycolysis – Same general steps as anaerobic glycolysis but, in the presence of oxygen, – Pyruvic acid acetyl-CoA, enters Krebs cycle ...
... Oxidation of Carbohydrate: Glycolysis Revisited • Glycolysis can occur with or without O2 – ATP yield same as anaerobic glycolysis – Same general steps as anaerobic glycolysis but, in the presence of oxygen, – Pyruvic acid acetyl-CoA, enters Krebs cycle ...
Enzymes
... protein enzymes are essential to their catalytic activity Several enzymes require an additional chemical component called a cofactor A coenzyme or metal ion that is very tightly or even covalently bound to the enzyme protein is called a prosthetic group ...
... protein enzymes are essential to their catalytic activity Several enzymes require an additional chemical component called a cofactor A coenzyme or metal ion that is very tightly or even covalently bound to the enzyme protein is called a prosthetic group ...
ppt
... some of the energy is trapped in weak bonds between ADP + P…. Making ATP. Some is trapped in bonds made between NAD + H…. Making NADH ...
... some of the energy is trapped in weak bonds between ADP + P…. Making ATP. Some is trapped in bonds made between NAD + H…. Making NADH ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.