Hein and Arena
... • In general, when an amino acid is used for some purpose other than protein synthesis, the amino acid carbon skeleton is separated from the amino acid nitrogen. • A process called transamination is responsible for most of the nitrogen transfer to and from amino acids. ...
... • In general, when an amino acid is used for some purpose other than protein synthesis, the amino acid carbon skeleton is separated from the amino acid nitrogen. • A process called transamination is responsible for most of the nitrogen transfer to and from amino acids. ...
ch3a FA11 - Cal State LA
... Overcoming the activation energy barrier (EA) • Bunsen burner: CH4 + 2O2 --> CO2 + 2H2O – The spark adds enough E to exceed EA (not a catalyst) ...
... Overcoming the activation energy barrier (EA) • Bunsen burner: CH4 + 2O2 --> CO2 + 2H2O – The spark adds enough E to exceed EA (not a catalyst) ...
2. The citric acid cycle
... NADH and FADH2 account for most of the energy extracted from food • These two electron carriers donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
... NADH and FADH2 account for most of the energy extracted from food • These two electron carriers donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
Assignment CHE-09 TMA-01,02 Year 2005
... Why is the hydrolytic reaction, ATP ADP a better choice for most of the biochemical reactions as compared to ATP AMP, although the amount of free energy released in the two cases is almost similar? ...
... Why is the hydrolytic reaction, ATP ADP a better choice for most of the biochemical reactions as compared to ATP AMP, although the amount of free energy released in the two cases is almost similar? ...
Reaction of glycolysis
... – Inorganic phosphate groups (Pi) are attached to each oxidized fragment – The terminal phosphates are cleaved and captured by ADP to form four ATP molecules – The final products are: • Two pyruvic acid molecules • Two NADH + H+ molecules (reduced NAD+) • A net gain of two ATP molecules ...
... – Inorganic phosphate groups (Pi) are attached to each oxidized fragment – The terminal phosphates are cleaved and captured by ADP to form four ATP molecules – The final products are: • Two pyruvic acid molecules • Two NADH + H+ molecules (reduced NAD+) • A net gain of two ATP molecules ...
Cell Energy - Land of Mayo
... After the usual anaerobic stage of respiration there can be two different pathways for the pyruvic acid without oxygen: 1. glucose can be metabolized to ethyl alcohol + 2 ATP (yeast) (called alcoholic fermentation)* 2. glucose can be metabolized to lactic acid + 2 ATP (human and animal muscles ...
... After the usual anaerobic stage of respiration there can be two different pathways for the pyruvic acid without oxygen: 1. glucose can be metabolized to ethyl alcohol + 2 ATP (yeast) (called alcoholic fermentation)* 2. glucose can be metabolized to lactic acid + 2 ATP (human and animal muscles ...
Observations during muscle contraction
... phosphokinase) moves phosphate from phosphocreatine to ATP ...
... phosphokinase) moves phosphate from phosphocreatine to ATP ...
Model Description Sheet
... and Ion Channel Activation in P2X Receptors. Article 485: 207-212. Format: Alpha carbon backbone RP:---- Zcorp with plaster Abstract: To someone who has excessive P2X4 receptors, simple gestures like hugs could cause unbearable pain. P2X4, a protein receptor located on the membrane of neurons, plays ...
... and Ion Channel Activation in P2X Receptors. Article 485: 207-212. Format: Alpha carbon backbone RP:---- Zcorp with plaster Abstract: To someone who has excessive P2X4 receptors, simple gestures like hugs could cause unbearable pain. P2X4, a protein receptor located on the membrane of neurons, plays ...
Chemiosmotic theory of oxidative phosphorylation. Inhibitors
... formed in matrix from: (1) Oxidative decarboxilation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA (2) Aerobic oxidation of acetyl CoA by the citric acid cycle (3) Oxidation of fatty acids and amino acids ...
... formed in matrix from: (1) Oxidative decarboxilation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA (2) Aerobic oxidation of acetyl CoA by the citric acid cycle (3) Oxidation of fatty acids and amino acids ...
75. In yeast, if the electron transport system is shut down because of
... __ 3. Glycolysis would quickly halt if the process ran out of ___________, which serves as the electron acceptor. a) NADP b) ADP c) NAD d) water e) none of these __ 4. Glycolysis a) takes place in the mitochondria b) only happens to glucose c) is the first step in the breakdown of glucose d) results ...
... __ 3. Glycolysis would quickly halt if the process ran out of ___________, which serves as the electron acceptor. a) NADP b) ADP c) NAD d) water e) none of these __ 4. Glycolysis a) takes place in the mitochondria b) only happens to glucose c) is the first step in the breakdown of glucose d) results ...
Practice Exam II
... a. Glycogen to fat b. Glycogen to protein c. Glucose to pyruvate d. Glucose to glycogen 17. What primary factor governs the quality of a food protein? a. Fat content b. Essential amino acid content c. Complex carbohydrate content d. Nonessential amino acid content 18. Which of the following structur ...
... a. Glycogen to fat b. Glycogen to protein c. Glucose to pyruvate d. Glucose to glycogen 17. What primary factor governs the quality of a food protein? a. Fat content b. Essential amino acid content c. Complex carbohydrate content d. Nonessential amino acid content 18. Which of the following structur ...
Chapter 6: Cellular Respiration
... of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules With the help of CoA, the acetyl (two-carbon) compound enters the citric acid cycle – At this point, the acetyl group associates with a fourcarbon molecule forming a six-carbon molecule – The six-carbon molecule then passes through a s ...
... of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules With the help of CoA, the acetyl (two-carbon) compound enters the citric acid cycle – At this point, the acetyl group associates with a fourcarbon molecule forming a six-carbon molecule – The six-carbon molecule then passes through a s ...
Transport of Ammonia to the liver
... Cycle means (a metabolic pathway where the first material that you started with gets regenerated at the end of the loop through a series of reactions), urea cycle is needed to convert toxic compounds to non-toxic compounds. It takes place in the liver. WHY? Certain needed enzymes are only present th ...
... Cycle means (a metabolic pathway where the first material that you started with gets regenerated at the end of the loop through a series of reactions), urea cycle is needed to convert toxic compounds to non-toxic compounds. It takes place in the liver. WHY? Certain needed enzymes are only present th ...
II. Beta oxidation of fatty acid
... to two moles of lactate in an exercising muscle: A. four B. three C. two D. one _C__49. Anoxic skeletal muscle derives energy from: A. Kreb’s citric acid cycle C. Embden-Meyerhof pathway of glycolysis B. Pentose phosphate pathway D. Oxidation of fatty acids _C__50. Acetyl CoA for extramitochondrial ...
... to two moles of lactate in an exercising muscle: A. four B. three C. two D. one _C__49. Anoxic skeletal muscle derives energy from: A. Kreb’s citric acid cycle C. Embden-Meyerhof pathway of glycolysis B. Pentose phosphate pathway D. Oxidation of fatty acids _C__50. Acetyl CoA for extramitochondrial ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Glycolysis 2 ATP • Kreb’s cycle 2 ATP • Life takes a lot of energy to run, need to extract more energy than 4 ATP! There’s got to be a better way! I need a lot more ATP! ...
... • Glycolysis 2 ATP • Kreb’s cycle 2 ATP • Life takes a lot of energy to run, need to extract more energy than 4 ATP! There’s got to be a better way! I need a lot more ATP! ...
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDC)
... oxidative phosphorylation. 4. Can also be used for gluconeogenesis to form G6P 5. 1 molecule of G6P can be converted via 6 cycles of PPP and gluconeogenesis to 6 CO2 molecules and generate 12 NADPH molecules. 6. Flux through PPP (rate of NADPH production) is controlled by the glucose-6-phosphate deh ...
... oxidative phosphorylation. 4. Can also be used for gluconeogenesis to form G6P 5. 1 molecule of G6P can be converted via 6 cycles of PPP and gluconeogenesis to 6 CO2 molecules and generate 12 NADPH molecules. 6. Flux through PPP (rate of NADPH production) is controlled by the glucose-6-phosphate deh ...
2770 October 2007 Mid-Term Test
... All of the following functions of an enzyme are true EXCEPT: A) Enzymes help to catalyze nearly all metabolic reactions. B) Enzyme activity is sensitive to enzyme and substrate concentration. C) Enzymes are sensitive to temperature and pH changes. D. An increased activity of an enzyme increases the ...
... All of the following functions of an enzyme are true EXCEPT: A) Enzymes help to catalyze nearly all metabolic reactions. B) Enzyme activity is sensitive to enzyme and substrate concentration. C) Enzymes are sensitive to temperature and pH changes. D. An increased activity of an enzyme increases the ...
Digestive System Learning Targets 6-10
... carbohydrates, proteins & fats. State the functions of glucose, fats & amino acids in the body. Define the terms essential fatty acid, essential amino acid ...
... carbohydrates, proteins & fats. State the functions of glucose, fats & amino acids in the body. Define the terms essential fatty acid, essential amino acid ...
A 3-month old female infant seemed normal until she developed
... transported to the TCA cycle where is gets converted to glucose. Pyruvate carboxylase ensures that there is a constant supply of oxaloacetate for the TCA cycle by forming oxaloacetate directly from pyruvate by the addition of carbon, this addition of carbon dioxide happens due to ATP and biotin. Pyr ...
... transported to the TCA cycle where is gets converted to glucose. Pyruvate carboxylase ensures that there is a constant supply of oxaloacetate for the TCA cycle by forming oxaloacetate directly from pyruvate by the addition of carbon, this addition of carbon dioxide happens due to ATP and biotin. Pyr ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.