Lecture 12-14 (Parker) - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... The liver has more diverse biochemical functions than muscle. The liver maintains blood-glucose levels and stores glucose as glycogen when glucose levels are plentiful. Phosphofructokinase regulation with respect to ATP is similar to muscle, however low pH is not a metabolic signal. In the liver pho ...
... The liver has more diverse biochemical functions than muscle. The liver maintains blood-glucose levels and stores glucose as glycogen when glucose levels are plentiful. Phosphofructokinase regulation with respect to ATP is similar to muscle, however low pH is not a metabolic signal. In the liver pho ...
Metabolic Characteristics of the Major Organs and Tissues
... Free fatty acids released from the adipocytes combine with serum albumin in the blood to form soluble complexes (lipoproteins) which are transported to the peripheral tissues. The glycerol component of the triacylglycerols is also released into the blood and travels to the liver where it is converte ...
... Free fatty acids released from the adipocytes combine with serum albumin in the blood to form soluble complexes (lipoproteins) which are transported to the peripheral tissues. The glycerol component of the triacylglycerols is also released into the blood and travels to the liver where it is converte ...
a ANSWER - Cornerstone Charter Academy
... The figure above represents an overview of the different entry pathways to cellular respiration when different macromolecules are digested for energy production. Why are none of the digestive products entering the electron transport chain, directly? ...
... The figure above represents an overview of the different entry pathways to cellular respiration when different macromolecules are digested for energy production. Why are none of the digestive products entering the electron transport chain, directly? ...
Energy Metabolism and water vitamins
... energy and nutrients into form that cells can use Maintenance – repairing body parts and keeping organs functioning ...
... energy and nutrients into form that cells can use Maintenance – repairing body parts and keeping organs functioning ...
Exam 2 - Saddleback College
... • ATP - how it works • What are enzymes and how they work? Chapter 5 • what is an active site - what types of molecules bind there • know the factors that influence enzymatic activity including feedback regulation • be able to tie in: anabolic/catabolic with endergonic/exergonic, simple/complex, mak ...
... • ATP - how it works • What are enzymes and how they work? Chapter 5 • what is an active site - what types of molecules bind there • know the factors that influence enzymatic activity including feedback regulation • be able to tie in: anabolic/catabolic with endergonic/exergonic, simple/complex, mak ...
ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS
... 12. Ice is nothing but solidified water in which H2O molecules are bound together by the weak hydrogen bonds and form an open cage-like structure. When ice is subjected to pressure, the hydrogen bonds being the weaker ones break easily. Consequently, the H2O molecules get separated and ice melts int ...
... 12. Ice is nothing but solidified water in which H2O molecules are bound together by the weak hydrogen bonds and form an open cage-like structure. When ice is subjected to pressure, the hydrogen bonds being the weaker ones break easily. Consequently, the H2O molecules get separated and ice melts int ...
How to Assess Patient Biochemical and Nutritional Metametrix Clinical Laboratory
... Glutathione is the main intercellular antioxidant of the liver. Evaluation of the use of glutathione is of great utility when judging liver function. A number of urine markers can help make this evaluation. A low sulfate reveals a need to replenish sulfur containing amino acids. Glutathione administ ...
... Glutathione is the main intercellular antioxidant of the liver. Evaluation of the use of glutathione is of great utility when judging liver function. A number of urine markers can help make this evaluation. A low sulfate reveals a need to replenish sulfur containing amino acids. Glutathione administ ...
A plant has stunted growth and yellowing leaves because it is
... An unknown molecule is extracted from a cell. An analysis of the molecule’s atomic makeup is shown in the table below. ...
... An unknown molecule is extracted from a cell. An analysis of the molecule’s atomic makeup is shown in the table below. ...
Organic
... • For each peptide bond formed, a water molecule is lost thru dehydration synthesis. • How that polypeptide folds and takes on a 3-D shape is determined by its R groups and how they interact w/ each other. ...
... • For each peptide bond formed, a water molecule is lost thru dehydration synthesis. • How that polypeptide folds and takes on a 3-D shape is determined by its R groups and how they interact w/ each other. ...
Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration
... metabolism. The outer membrane of the mitochondria acts as a cell membrane and houses transport proteins that allow substances in and out of the mitochondria. For instance, the outer membrane houses transport proteins, which move the two pyruvate molecules formed during glycolysis from the cytoplasm ...
... metabolism. The outer membrane of the mitochondria acts as a cell membrane and houses transport proteins that allow substances in and out of the mitochondria. For instance, the outer membrane houses transport proteins, which move the two pyruvate molecules formed during glycolysis from the cytoplasm ...
No Slide Title
... Nitrogen Excretion & Urea Cycle Ammonia is toxic, if not used for synthesis of new AAs or other nitrogenous products - excreted! Ammonium deposited in mitochondria of hepatocytes is converted to urea in the urea cycle ...
... Nitrogen Excretion & Urea Cycle Ammonia is toxic, if not used for synthesis of new AAs or other nitrogenous products - excreted! Ammonium deposited in mitochondria of hepatocytes is converted to urea in the urea cycle ...
Chapter 3 Review Questions
... 10. ________________ are a source of long-term stored energy. 11. Organic molecules that have the same chemical formula but different structural arrangements are called ___________. 12. Carbohydrates are important because they _____________________. 13. Meat, eggs, soy, and beans contain ___________ ...
... 10. ________________ are a source of long-term stored energy. 11. Organic molecules that have the same chemical formula but different structural arrangements are called ___________. 12. Carbohydrates are important because they _____________________. 13. Meat, eggs, soy, and beans contain ___________ ...
Tutorial 3 (Ans Scheme) ERT 317, Sem 1 2015/2016
... The enzyme triose phosphate dehydrogenase serves two functions in this step. First the enzyme transfers a hydrogen (H-) from glyceraldehyde phosphate to the oxidizing agent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to form NADH. Next triose phosphate dehydrogenase adds a phosphate (P) from the cytoso ...
... The enzyme triose phosphate dehydrogenase serves two functions in this step. First the enzyme transfers a hydrogen (H-) from glyceraldehyde phosphate to the oxidizing agent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to form NADH. Next triose phosphate dehydrogenase adds a phosphate (P) from the cytoso ...
Chapter 15 Cori and Alanine Cycles: Cori Cycle: Occurs between
... Maintaining levels of glucose in the blood is very important because the brain depends on glucose as its primary fuel and RBC rely on glucose as their only fuel. Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors. The major carbon sources for glucose synthesis are: Lactate, ...
... Maintaining levels of glucose in the blood is very important because the brain depends on glucose as its primary fuel and RBC rely on glucose as their only fuel. Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors. The major carbon sources for glucose synthesis are: Lactate, ...
Chemistry of Glycolysis
... 3. Although the standard Gibbs free energy change for the reaction of glyceraldehyde 3-P DH is positive (+6.7 kJ/mole), the reaction proceeds to the right because A) triose phosphate isomerase supplies so much starting material. B) The product of the reaction is consumed as soon as it is made. C) th ...
... 3. Although the standard Gibbs free energy change for the reaction of glyceraldehyde 3-P DH is positive (+6.7 kJ/mole), the reaction proceeds to the right because A) triose phosphate isomerase supplies so much starting material. B) The product of the reaction is consumed as soon as it is made. C) th ...
Document
... In animals and bacteria the extra step converts pyruvate to lactate (or lactic acid). This is a reduction, so NADH is used and NAD is regenerated, to be used in glycolysis. The reaction is reversible, so the energy remaining in the lactate molecule can be retrieved when oxygen becomes available and ...
... In animals and bacteria the extra step converts pyruvate to lactate (or lactic acid). This is a reduction, so NADH is used and NAD is regenerated, to be used in glycolysis. The reaction is reversible, so the energy remaining in the lactate molecule can be retrieved when oxygen becomes available and ...
Macromolecules Worksheet
... ____________________ 1. This measures the hydrogen ion level of a solution. ____________________ 2. This is the name for a compound with many sugar subunits linked together. ____________________ 3. This is the name given to an amino acid added to a dipeptide. ____________________ 4. Of what kind of ...
... ____________________ 1. This measures the hydrogen ion level of a solution. ____________________ 2. This is the name for a compound with many sugar subunits linked together. ____________________ 3. This is the name given to an amino acid added to a dipeptide. ____________________ 4. Of what kind of ...
Nitrogen Anabolism
... groups for synthesis of most other nitrogen-containing molecules (e.g., nucleotides) ...
... groups for synthesis of most other nitrogen-containing molecules (e.g., nucleotides) ...
Transport and Metabolism Group work
... across the cell membrane, broken down or used to harvest chemical energy, and used to make precursor metabolites. To do this we will follow: 1) how nutrients and other molecules and ions are transported across the cell membrane, 2) how energy is harvested by diverse prokaryotic metabolic reactions a ...
... across the cell membrane, broken down or used to harvest chemical energy, and used to make precursor metabolites. To do this we will follow: 1) how nutrients and other molecules and ions are transported across the cell membrane, 2) how energy is harvested by diverse prokaryotic metabolic reactions a ...
Aerobic Respiration
... fatty acids • Glycerol is converted to PGAL, an intermediate of glycolysis • Fatty acids are broken down and converted to acetyl-CoA, which enters Krebs cycle ...
... fatty acids • Glycerol is converted to PGAL, an intermediate of glycolysis • Fatty acids are broken down and converted to acetyl-CoA, which enters Krebs cycle ...
peptides - WordPress.com
... It is also possible to go directly from ATP to AMP by cleaving a pyrophosphate group (but the produced energy for such reaction is only -10.9k cal/ molecule). ATP → AMP + PPi Note 1: not only ATP act as energy transporter but other nucleotides also can play the same function like GTP and UTP and pr ...
... It is also possible to go directly from ATP to AMP by cleaving a pyrophosphate group (but the produced energy for such reaction is only -10.9k cal/ molecule). ATP → AMP + PPi Note 1: not only ATP act as energy transporter but other nucleotides also can play the same function like GTP and UTP and pr ...
Slide 1
... 2x 3C 6C – ancient pathway which harvests energy • where energy transfer first evolved • transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP • still is starting point for ALL cellular respiration ...
... 2x 3C 6C – ancient pathway which harvests energy • where energy transfer first evolved • transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP • still is starting point for ALL cellular respiration ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.