Bioc 462a Lecture Notes
... There is a wide diversity in the chemical properties of amino acid side chains, but they can be grouped into 6 classes (you are expected to know which class each amino acid belongs to). Side Chain Class Aliphatic Hydroxyl- or Sulfur-Containing Aromatic Basic Acidic and Their Amides Cyclic ...
... There is a wide diversity in the chemical properties of amino acid side chains, but they can be grouped into 6 classes (you are expected to know which class each amino acid belongs to). Side Chain Class Aliphatic Hydroxyl- or Sulfur-Containing Aromatic Basic Acidic and Their Amides Cyclic ...
Inborn errors of the Krebs cycle: a group of unusual mitochondrial
... compartmentation of soluble oxidation cofactors, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides w12x, together with the several dehydrogenases. Citrate synthase, isocitrate and a-KG dehydrogenases are generally considered as important regulatory steps controlling the flux through the entire cycle w 1 x ...
... compartmentation of soluble oxidation cofactors, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides w12x, together with the several dehydrogenases. Citrate synthase, isocitrate and a-KG dehydrogenases are generally considered as important regulatory steps controlling the flux through the entire cycle w 1 x ...
Scheme of Metabolism
... Precursor metabolites ~ ~ + Reducing+ Yields power ATP substrate-level phosphorylation Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... Precursor metabolites ~ ~ + Reducing+ Yields power ATP substrate-level phosphorylation Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
03-1 Metabolism of carbohydrate
... 2.2.1 The Elucidation of Glucose Degradation Pathway Has a Rich History 1910s to 30s, Embden and Meyerhof (Germany), glycolysis in muscle and its extracts: in vitro reconstruction from glycogen to lactic acid; many reactions of lactic acid (muscle) and alcohol (yeast) fermentations are the same; ...
... 2.2.1 The Elucidation of Glucose Degradation Pathway Has a Rich History 1910s to 30s, Embden and Meyerhof (Germany), glycolysis in muscle and its extracts: in vitro reconstruction from glycogen to lactic acid; many reactions of lactic acid (muscle) and alcohol (yeast) fermentations are the same; ...
Workbook
... _____ 2. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O is the chemical reaction of photosynthesis. _____ 3. Glucose is a carbohydrate that stores chemical energy in a concentrated and stable form. _____ 4. Only autotrophs can perform photosynthesis. _____ 5. Only four types of organisms — plants, algae, fungi and som ...
... _____ 2. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O is the chemical reaction of photosynthesis. _____ 3. Glucose is a carbohydrate that stores chemical energy in a concentrated and stable form. _____ 4. Only autotrophs can perform photosynthesis. _____ 5. Only four types of organisms — plants, algae, fungi and som ...
BIO 2440 Study Guide
... 12. Functions of enzymes associated with digestion, where they are secreted from? See table in text. 13. Function of lacteals and villi 14. Parts of the small intestine, their characteristics and their primary functions 15. Divisions of the large intestine 16. Where digestion of carbohydrates, fats ...
... 12. Functions of enzymes associated with digestion, where they are secreted from? See table in text. 13. Function of lacteals and villi 14. Parts of the small intestine, their characteristics and their primary functions 15. Divisions of the large intestine 16. Where digestion of carbohydrates, fats ...
Physical Properties - Chemistry at Winthrop University
... Let’s break the reaction down into steps 1st Stage: Formation of the Acyl-Enzyme intermediate Imidazole nitrogen from histidine side chain acts as a General Base Catalyst and abstracts the hydroxyl proton from the Serine side chain The electrons from that bond move to the hydroxyl oxygen, which the ...
... Let’s break the reaction down into steps 1st Stage: Formation of the Acyl-Enzyme intermediate Imidazole nitrogen from histidine side chain acts as a General Base Catalyst and abstracts the hydroxyl proton from the Serine side chain The electrons from that bond move to the hydroxyl oxygen, which the ...
1 NPC Introduction Medicinal Plants
... Introduction Natural products, especially those derived from plants, have been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times Clay tablets of the Babylonian, Assyrian, and Sumerian eras dated 2600 - 4000 BC are thought to be the earliest recordings of plant usage as herbal remedies Egyptians also h ...
... Introduction Natural products, especially those derived from plants, have been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times Clay tablets of the Babylonian, Assyrian, and Sumerian eras dated 2600 - 4000 BC are thought to be the earliest recordings of plant usage as herbal remedies Egyptians also h ...
11. PHOTOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS - Development of e
... are synthesized from CO2. The energy poor CO2 is fixed to energy rich carbohydrates using the energy rich compound, ATP and the assimilatory power, NADPH2 of light reaction. The process is called carbon fixation or carbon assimilation. Since Blackman demonstrated the existence of dark reaction, the ...
... are synthesized from CO2. The energy poor CO2 is fixed to energy rich carbohydrates using the energy rich compound, ATP and the assimilatory power, NADPH2 of light reaction. The process is called carbon fixation or carbon assimilation. Since Blackman demonstrated the existence of dark reaction, the ...
A1986A777600001
... of pyridoxal and the amino acid. The powerful electron-withdrawing ability of the N-protonated pyridine ring was also needed for catalysis. Taking some clues from the newly published Chemistry of the Metal 2Chelate Compounds, by Martell and Calvin, we quickly deduced the common mechanism for all of ...
... of pyridoxal and the amino acid. The powerful electron-withdrawing ability of the N-protonated pyridine ring was also needed for catalysis. Taking some clues from the newly published Chemistry of the Metal 2Chelate Compounds, by Martell and Calvin, we quickly deduced the common mechanism for all of ...
Types of Organic compounds
... • Temporary molecular storage of energy as it is being transferred from exergonic catabolic reactions to cellular activities – muscle contraction, transport of substances across cell membranes, movement of structures within cells and movement of organelles ...
... • Temporary molecular storage of energy as it is being transferred from exergonic catabolic reactions to cellular activities – muscle contraction, transport of substances across cell membranes, movement of structures within cells and movement of organelles ...
Cells and Energy Cellular Respiration Chapter 2 Lesson 4 Part 1
... is a series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP the breaking down of an energy source by cells to obtain usable energy ...
... is a series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP the breaking down of an energy source by cells to obtain usable energy ...
1 22,25 October 2004 Physiology of Locomotion R. B. Huey I. Some
... 1. Aerobic metabolism supplies energy at rest and during low-level activity 2. Fuels -- oxidation of carbon fuels (fats, carbohydrates, amino acids) 3. Very efficient -- 12 to 15 more ATP per mole glucose than anaerobic glycolysis. Also relatively "clean" -- produces water and CO2. 3. The “Bad” -- r ...
... 1. Aerobic metabolism supplies energy at rest and during low-level activity 2. Fuels -- oxidation of carbon fuels (fats, carbohydrates, amino acids) 3. Very efficient -- 12 to 15 more ATP per mole glucose than anaerobic glycolysis. Also relatively "clean" -- produces water and CO2. 3. The “Bad” -- r ...
PowerPoint PDF Printout
... Utilizes glycolysis, synthesis of acetyl-CoA, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain; results in complete breakdown of _________ to carbon dioxide, water & ...
... Utilizes glycolysis, synthesis of acetyl-CoA, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain; results in complete breakdown of _________ to carbon dioxide, water & ...
Hariri High School II
... that its aqueous solution has a PH = 7 . Explain. C. (E) can be prepared by the reaction of propanoic acid and a saturated monoalcohol (A) of molar 74g. mol -1. Write, 1. the condensed structural formula of the propanoic acid. 2. the molecular formula of the alcohol (A). 3. the condensed structural ...
... that its aqueous solution has a PH = 7 . Explain. C. (E) can be prepared by the reaction of propanoic acid and a saturated monoalcohol (A) of molar 74g. mol -1. Write, 1. the condensed structural formula of the propanoic acid. 2. the molecular formula of the alcohol (A). 3. the condensed structural ...
Mechanism of Enzyme Action
... the symptoms of vitamin deficiencies reflect the loss of specific enzyme activities that depend on the coenzyme form of the vitamin. • Thus, drugs and toxins that inhibit proteins required for coenzyme synthesis (e.g., vitamin transport proteins or biosynthetic enzymes) can cause the symptoms of a v ...
... the symptoms of vitamin deficiencies reflect the loss of specific enzyme activities that depend on the coenzyme form of the vitamin. • Thus, drugs and toxins that inhibit proteins required for coenzyme synthesis (e.g., vitamin transport proteins or biosynthetic enzymes) can cause the symptoms of a v ...
FAT SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION
... cost any energy. So we can conclude that the cost of just moving the acetyl-CoA out of the mitochondria is 2 ATPs per acetyl-CoA. The synthesis of C16 fatty acid from acetyl-CoA requires 1 acetylCoA and 7 malonyl-CoA. The synthesis of each malonyl-CoA requires an ATP (and the cofactor biotin). Acety ...
... cost any energy. So we can conclude that the cost of just moving the acetyl-CoA out of the mitochondria is 2 ATPs per acetyl-CoA. The synthesis of C16 fatty acid from acetyl-CoA requires 1 acetylCoA and 7 malonyl-CoA. The synthesis of each malonyl-CoA requires an ATP (and the cofactor biotin). Acety ...
Environmental Microbiology – Seminar 31.10
... Environmental Microbiology – Seminar 31.10 1) What is the difference between aerobic respiration and fermentation? Explain the mechanism and give examples. In fermentation, energy is gained via substrate level phosphorylation. E.g, Phosphoenolpyruvate reacts with ADP and Pi to Pyruvate and ATP. 2) W ...
... Environmental Microbiology – Seminar 31.10 1) What is the difference between aerobic respiration and fermentation? Explain the mechanism and give examples. In fermentation, energy is gained via substrate level phosphorylation. E.g, Phosphoenolpyruvate reacts with ADP and Pi to Pyruvate and ATP. 2) W ...
The Producers
... Reduces CO2 to make G3P. Rubisco is the carbon-fixing enzyme. • (16% of chloroplast protein content) ...
... Reduces CO2 to make G3P. Rubisco is the carbon-fixing enzyme. • (16% of chloroplast protein content) ...
Vitamins Chart
... Part of FMN and FAD, tissue respiration via ETC, amino acid oxidases, xanthine oxidase, cytochrome c reductase, succinic dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, thyroid increases activity of flavokinase Part of NAD and NADP which accept or release hydrogen ions, required for dehyrogenase, part of gluc ...
... Part of FMN and FAD, tissue respiration via ETC, amino acid oxidases, xanthine oxidase, cytochrome c reductase, succinic dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, thyroid increases activity of flavokinase Part of NAD and NADP which accept or release hydrogen ions, required for dehyrogenase, part of gluc ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.