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Objectives 7
Objectives 7

... - Energy is stored as glycogen (carbohydrates), protein (amino acids) or triacylglyercols (fatty acids) - The four circulating fuels are glucose (most important), lactate, free fatty acids, and ketone bodies; these provide fuel in response to specific physiological conditions - In fed and early star ...
Chapter 21 Lipid Biosynthesis
Chapter 21 Lipid Biosynthesis

... group bound to a protein, ACP; (3) takes place in the cytosol of animals; (4) involves the condensation of malonyl- and acetyl-groups; (5) involves the formation of the D--hydroxyacyl ...
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Malonyl-CoA: the regulator of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation

... In the catabolic state with no food intake, the liver generates ketones by breaking down fatty acids. During the nocturnal fast or longer starvation periods, this protects the brain, which cannot oxidize fatty acids. In 1977, we published a study in the JCI noting the surprising realization that mal ...
Cytochromes in Streptococcus faecalis var
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... faecalis var. zymogenes. Manometric techniques also revealed that resting suspensions of haematin-grown bacteria had an increased rate of oxygen uptake, and that haematin could not be used as a substrate. In this communication, functional cytochrome(s) have been identified and probably account for g ...
Columbia College
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video slide - Buena Park High School

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Intro to and Thermodynamics In Metabolism:

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Organic Molecules Jeopardy

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... A) a positive charge in every situation B) pKs that assure the solubility of every protein C) constant pKs no matter what aqueous environment they are found in D) different pKs in peptides as compared to the free amino acids E) polar functional groups 19. Asx refers to A) a negatively charged aspart ...
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LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI

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2015 department of medicine research day
2015 department of medicine research day

... acid translocase (Cd36/Fat). Gene expression of the following hepatic key regulatory enzymes of fatty acid β-oxidation was increased significantly by GT: Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 and 2 (Cpt1a, Cpt1b, Cpt2) regulate transport of cytosolic fatty acids to mitochondria and long chain and very l ...
2016 department of medicine research day
2016 department of medicine research day

Look at chapter 3 chemistry worksheet
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Proteins - chem.uwec.edu
Proteins - chem.uwec.edu

... At lower pH values the carbolylate group becomes protonated and the amino acid has a net charge of +1. b. At higher pH values the amino group becomes unprotonated and the amino acid has a net charge of -1. ...
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Citric acid cycle



The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
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