Download Intro to and Thermodynamics In Metabolism:

Intro To and Thermodynamics In Metabolism:
No structures.
Know the energy production of the “high energy compounds”: ATP, PEP, 1,3-BPG and
phosphocreatine.
Understand the difference between substrate-level and oxidative phosphorylation.
Don’t worry about the diagram showing where all of the Phosphate comes from and goes
to.
Know the terms that describe “free energy changes” (don’t need to know the equations).
AMP: the allosteric regulator signaling low energy.
PPP/Gluconeogenesis:
No details from the PPP (No structures, no reactants, no products, no enzymes).
Don’t need to know the conditions for “Meeting Cellular Needs”.
Need to know the three things the pathway does:
Produces NADPH.
Produces Ribose-5-P.
Interconverts sugars.
Know the Glutathione story.
Know the reactants, products and enzymes for the conversion of Pyruvate to Glucose, i.e.
the gluconeogenic pathway (No structures).
Understand the Cori and Glucose-Ala cycles.
Allosteric Regulation:
Understand the Regulation of:
Hexo-/Gluco-Kinase
PFK-1
F-1,6-bisPase
PFK-2 and F-2,6-bisPase
Pyruvate Kinase
Pyruvate Carboxylase
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH)
Insulin and Glucagon:
Know the “Processing of Insulin” and the “Glucose Induced Biosynthesis and Release of
Insulin” diagram.
Don’t worry about the structure of the Insulin Receptor.
Know the “Insulin Binding to it’s Receptor Followed by Activation of the Receptor”
diagram.
Skip the “Cascade of Events Following Receptor Activation”.
Know the “Processing of Glucagon” and the “Glucagon Receptor” diagram.
Understand the Biochemical and Physiological roles of Insulin and Glucagon.
Digestion and Absorption of Proteins and CHO’s:
Pretty much everything in this lecture is important.
You don’t need to know the “Type of Protease” column on the Protease table.
Fat Metabolism: Overview and Synthesis:
Know the pathways of the fat system.
Skip the “Interactions of fat Metabolism pathways” diagram.
Understand the fat metabolism in specific tissues but don’t worry about the diagram.
Skip the “Export of Acetyl CoA for Fatty Acid Biosynthesis” diagram.
Understand how the fatty Acid Synthase works (No structures).
Understand esterification (but don’t worry about the “Formation of Phosphatidic Acid
from Glycerol…..” diagram) and conditions favoring lipogenesis.
Fat Metabolism: Degradation:
Know the Physiological Pathway of Lipid Oxidation.
Understand the Hormone-Sensitive Lipase vs. Lipoprotein Lipase.
Skip the “Overview of Hepatic Fatty Acid Degradation” diagram.
Know the “Mitochondrial Uptake and -Oxidation of Fatty Acids” diagram.
Understand the steps and final products of the -oxidation of fatty acids with an even and
odd number of carbons.
Know the “Comparison of Fatty Acid -Oxidation and Synthesis” table.
Understand the conditions favoring ketoacidosis.
Skip the diagram of “Ketone Body Formation in Liver”.
Understand how the “normal” body prevents ketoacidosis.
Skip “Ketone Body Oxidation”.
Fat Metabolism: Regulation and Integration:
Understand the regulation of Hormone-Sensitive Lipase, and Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase.
Know the “Coordinated Control of Fat Synthesis and breakdown via Acetyl and Malonyl
CoA” diagram.
Completely skip the “Interrelationship of Fat and CHO Metabolism When Glucose is
High” and “Interrelationship of Fat and CHO Metabolism When Glucose is Low”
diagrams.
Know the conditions favoring lipogenesis vs. lipolysis/-oxidation.
Skip the “Comparison of Energy yields and Oxygen Consumption” tables (don’t worry
about all of those numbers….).
Know the final table comparing palmitate, ketone and glucose.