213lec3
... C. Energy exists in several forms: thermal, electrical, nuclear, chemical, mechanical, and radiant. The form of energy that drives human metabolism is chemical energy. VIII. What is the human body's source of chemical energy? A. The energy currency of the body is adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. It p ...
... C. Energy exists in several forms: thermal, electrical, nuclear, chemical, mechanical, and radiant. The form of energy that drives human metabolism is chemical energy. VIII. What is the human body's source of chemical energy? A. The energy currency of the body is adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. It p ...
MACROMOLECULES - Savitha Sastry
... reaction: One monomer provides an ‘–OH’ and the other provides a ‘-H’ and together these form H2O H2O is REMOVED; Covalent bond is formed between MONOMERS = Polymers are made! Needs ATP and Enzymes Anabolic/biosynthesis reactions use this to make macromolecules for growth/replacement ...
... reaction: One monomer provides an ‘–OH’ and the other provides a ‘-H’ and together these form H2O H2O is REMOVED; Covalent bond is formed between MONOMERS = Polymers are made! Needs ATP and Enzymes Anabolic/biosynthesis reactions use this to make macromolecules for growth/replacement ...
Unit 2
... 8. To understand the self-ionization of water, that it always occurs in any aqueous solution, and that it has a specific equilibrium constant called Kw, the ion product of water. 9. To understand the definitions of pH and pOH, and review operations of common logarithms. 10. To convert among [H+], [O ...
... 8. To understand the self-ionization of water, that it always occurs in any aqueous solution, and that it has a specific equilibrium constant called Kw, the ion product of water. 9. To understand the definitions of pH and pOH, and review operations of common logarithms. 10. To convert among [H+], [O ...
... to insure that a metabolic pathway is spontaneous in the forward direction. Provide one example. • Both are used to change the Gibbs free energy of a reaction from positive to negative to make that step in the pathway spontaneous (3 pts) • Direct coupling uses the energy released when ATP is convert ...
Chapter 7 Body Systems
... Glucose can be burned and used immediately as fuel for energy, stored as glycogen ( primarily in the liver and skeletal muscle), and burned as fuel at a later time, or stored as fat and burned as fuel at a later time. Glucose can be catabolized anaerobically and aerobically. Anaerobically, glucose i ...
... Glucose can be burned and used immediately as fuel for energy, stored as glycogen ( primarily in the liver and skeletal muscle), and burned as fuel at a later time, or stored as fat and burned as fuel at a later time. Glucose can be catabolized anaerobically and aerobically. Anaerobically, glucose i ...
Slide 1
... NANA = N-acetyneuraminic acid = sialic acid GlcNAc = N-acetyl-glucosamine ManNAc= N-acetyl-mannosamine PEP = phosphenolpyruvate UDP = uridine diphosphate 6P = phosphate at 6’ position ...
... NANA = N-acetyneuraminic acid = sialic acid GlcNAc = N-acetyl-glucosamine ManNAc= N-acetyl-mannosamine PEP = phosphenolpyruvate UDP = uridine diphosphate 6P = phosphate at 6’ position ...
Name
... c. May have evolved from gibbons but not rats d. Is more closely related to humans than to rats e. May have evolved from rats but not from humans and gibbons 8. Proteins like hemoglobin and insulin have different structures because they have different ______________________, which is also known as t ...
... c. May have evolved from gibbons but not rats d. Is more closely related to humans than to rats e. May have evolved from rats but not from humans and gibbons 8. Proteins like hemoglobin and insulin have different structures because they have different ______________________, which is also known as t ...
new04CH4E28.62W
... 1. Pyruvic acid from glycolysis is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). 2. Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle and forms 2 ATP, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. 3. Hydrogen in the cell combines with two coenzymes that carry it to the electron transport chain. 4. Electron transport chain recombine ...
... 1. Pyruvic acid from glycolysis is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). 2. Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle and forms 2 ATP, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. 3. Hydrogen in the cell combines with two coenzymes that carry it to the electron transport chain. 4. Electron transport chain recombine ...
F214 Content checklist
... State that ATP provides the immediate source of energy for biological processes. Explain the importance of coenzymes in respiration, with reference to NAD and coenzyme A. State that glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm. Outline the process of glycolysis, beginning with the phosphorylation of gluc ...
... State that ATP provides the immediate source of energy for biological processes. Explain the importance of coenzymes in respiration, with reference to NAD and coenzyme A. State that glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm. Outline the process of glycolysis, beginning with the phosphorylation of gluc ...
You should be able to identify each of the following functional
... You should be able to identify each of the following functional groups within organic molecules: amino group within an amine molecule (both the form found at low pH and high pH) carbonyl group within an aldehyde molecule (you need to know it is within an aldehyde vs a ketone) carbonyl group within a ...
... You should be able to identify each of the following functional groups within organic molecules: amino group within an amine molecule (both the form found at low pH and high pH) carbonyl group within an aldehyde molecule (you need to know it is within an aldehyde vs a ketone) carbonyl group within a ...
answer key
... membranes have a high protein-to-lipid ratio because they are packed with the respiratory enzymes of the electron transport chain. Intestinal villi have a high protein-to-lipid ratio because they have numerous protein transporters for moving nutrients out of the intestine and, ultimately, into the b ...
... membranes have a high protein-to-lipid ratio because they are packed with the respiratory enzymes of the electron transport chain. Intestinal villi have a high protein-to-lipid ratio because they have numerous protein transporters for moving nutrients out of the intestine and, ultimately, into the b ...
Biochemistry - Austin Community College
... • Enzymes are proteins that carry out most catalysis in living organisms. • Unlike heat, enzymes are highly specific. Each enzyme typically speeds up only one or a few chemical reactions. • Unique three-dimensional shape enables an enzyme to stabilize a temporary association between substrates. • Be ...
... • Enzymes are proteins that carry out most catalysis in living organisms. • Unlike heat, enzymes are highly specific. Each enzyme typically speeds up only one or a few chemical reactions. • Unique three-dimensional shape enables an enzyme to stabilize a temporary association between substrates. • Be ...
Final b
... 14. (8 pts) Outline the process by which the cytoplasm obtains Acetyl CoA for fatty acid synthesis. (structures please). What other benefit does this provide for the cell? ...
... 14. (8 pts) Outline the process by which the cytoplasm obtains Acetyl CoA for fatty acid synthesis. (structures please). What other benefit does this provide for the cell? ...
Lect1.AAs.Peptides.pH.pK
... OXIDATION -- Removal of an electron pair from a molecule REDUCTION -- Addition of an electron pair from a molecule ...
... OXIDATION -- Removal of an electron pair from a molecule REDUCTION -- Addition of an electron pair from a molecule ...
2.Carbohydrates - Distance Education Chennai
... pyrimidine nucleotides are carried out by several enzymes in the cytoplasm of the cell, not within a specific organelle. Nucleotides undergo breakdown such that useful parts can be reused in synthesis reactions to create new nucleotides. In vitro, protecting groups may be used during laboratory prod ...
... pyrimidine nucleotides are carried out by several enzymes in the cytoplasm of the cell, not within a specific organelle. Nucleotides undergo breakdown such that useful parts can be reused in synthesis reactions to create new nucleotides. In vitro, protecting groups may be used during laboratory prod ...
The Name Game - UCSD Course Websites
... but sometimes… not so good. Anyway, a simple example of this idea can be seen with 2-keto-propane, or 2-propanone, which we usually refer to as “acetone” (on the right). The fancier names are completely unambiguous; if you had never seen the pictured molecule, you would still know how to draw it fro ...
... but sometimes… not so good. Anyway, a simple example of this idea can be seen with 2-keto-propane, or 2-propanone, which we usually refer to as “acetone” (on the right). The fancier names are completely unambiguous; if you had never seen the pictured molecule, you would still know how to draw it fro ...
Nerve activates contraction
... from body cells to the liver for breakdown; are increased by exercise, and limited coffee, smoking, and saturated fats/trans fats Healthy Ratios in the Blood ...
... from body cells to the liver for breakdown; are increased by exercise, and limited coffee, smoking, and saturated fats/trans fats Healthy Ratios in the Blood ...
Biology 211 Anatomy & Physiology I
... Proteins are composed of unbranching chains of amino acids arranged in different sequences. There are 21-22 different amino acids, all of which have the same basic structure: ...
... Proteins are composed of unbranching chains of amino acids arranged in different sequences. There are 21-22 different amino acids, all of which have the same basic structure: ...
7. Metabolism
... a) people follow a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet. b) oxaloacetate builds up and TCA cycle activity increases. c) acetyl CoA is blocked from entering the TCA cycle. d) All of the above can prompt the production of ketones. ...
... a) people follow a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet. b) oxaloacetate builds up and TCA cycle activity increases. c) acetyl CoA is blocked from entering the TCA cycle. d) All of the above can prompt the production of ketones. ...
Lactic acid fermentation
... Lactic acid fermentation is the simplest type of fermentation.[3] In essence, it is a redox reaction. In anaerobic conditions, the cell’s primary mechanism of ATP production is glycolysis. Glycolysis reduces – that is, transfers electrons to – NAD+, forming NADH. However, there is only a limited sup ...
... Lactic acid fermentation is the simplest type of fermentation.[3] In essence, it is a redox reaction. In anaerobic conditions, the cell’s primary mechanism of ATP production is glycolysis. Glycolysis reduces – that is, transfers electrons to – NAD+, forming NADH. However, there is only a limited sup ...
Unit 3 (ch 6)
... • ATP can also be made by transferring phosphate groups from organic molecules to ADP – This process is called substrate-level phosphorylation ...
... • ATP can also be made by transferring phosphate groups from organic molecules to ADP – This process is called substrate-level phosphorylation ...
Metabolism: An Overview
... (2) Reversible Covalent Modification. The activity of key enzymes in a pathway can be modulated by the reversible transfer of PO4–3 from ATP to specific serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues on enzyme. The addition of PO4–3 by a protein kinase or the removal of PO4–3 by a protein phosphatase stimu ...
... (2) Reversible Covalent Modification. The activity of key enzymes in a pathway can be modulated by the reversible transfer of PO4–3 from ATP to specific serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues on enzyme. The addition of PO4–3 by a protein kinase or the removal of PO4–3 by a protein phosphatase stimu ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.