Download 7. Metabolism

Chapter 7 Clicker Questions
Chapter 7:
Metabolism:
From Food
to Life
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Adenosine monophosphate
a) can be regenerated by adding two phosphate
groups to ATP.
b) is produced when one phosphate group is released
from ATP.
c) has one high-energy phosphate bond.
d) is composed of one molecule of adenosine
bonded to one phosphate group.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Adenosine monophosphate
a) can be regenerated by adding two phosphate
groups to ATP.
b) is produced when one phosphate group is released
from ATP.
c) has one high-energy phosphate bond.
d) is composed of one molecule of adenosine
bonded to one phosphate group.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
In which of the following types of chemical
reactions is a compound catabolized by the
addition of a molecule of water?
a)
b)
c)
d)
hydrolysis
dehydration synthesis
oxidation
phosphorylation
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
In which of the following types of chemical
reactions is a compound catabolized by the
addition of a molecule of water?
a)
b)
c)
d)
hydrolysis
dehydration synthesis
oxidation
phosphorylation
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvate produced
through glycolysis is converted to
a)
b)
c)
d)
lactate.
acetyl CoA.
oxaloacetate.
NADH.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvate produced
through glycolysis is converted to
a)
b)
c)
d)
lactate.
acetyl CoA.
oxaloacetate.
NADH.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Ketones are produced when
a) people follow a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet.
b) oxaloacetate builds up and TCA cycle activity
increases.
c) acetyl CoA is blocked from entering the TCA
cycle.
d) All of the above can prompt the production of
ketones.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Ketones are produced when
a) people follow a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet.
b) oxaloacetate builds up and TCA cycle activity
increases.
c) acetyl CoA is blocked from entering the TCA
cycle.
d) All of the above can prompt the production of
ketones.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Amino acids are unique from other energy-yielding
compounds in that
a) they cannot be converted to glucose
(gluconeogenesis).
b) they contain nitrogen, which must be removed
before the remaining compound can be used
for energy.
c) they contain ammonia, which the kidneys convert
to urea and excrete from the body in urine.
d) even when consumed to excess, they will not
increase the synthesis of fatty acids.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Amino acids are unique from other energy-yielding
compounds in that
a) they cannot be converted to glucose
(gluconeogenesis).
b) they contain nitrogen, which must be removed
before the remaining compound can be used
for energy.
c) they contain ammonia, which the kidneys convert
to urea and excrete from the body in urine.
d) even when consumed to excess, they will not
increase the synthesis of fatty acids.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Anya skipped breakfast this morning. It is now midafternoon,
and she has joined a friend for a late lunch. Although she
rarely drinks alcohol, while waiting for her food to arrive, she
enjoys a glass of wine. Which of the following statements
best describes Anya's body's response to the alcohol?
a) Gastric ADH oxidizes about 30% to 35% of the alcohol
Anya consumes; the rest is absorbed into her
bloodstream.
b) When the alcohol enters Anya's bloodstream, her
muscles quickly take it up for oxidation before her blood
alcohol level increases.
c) The microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS)
breaks down about 20% of the alcohol Anya consumes
before it is absorbed into her bloodstream.
d) None of the above statements is true.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Anya skipped breakfast this morning. It is now midafternoon,
and she has joined a friend for a late lunch. Although she
rarely drinks alcohol, while waiting for her food to arrive, she
enjoys a glass of wine. Which of the following statements
best describes Anya's body's response to the alcohol?
a) Gastric ADH oxidizes about 30% to 35% of the alcohol
Anya consumes; the rest is absorbed into her
bloodstream.
b) When the alcohol enters Anya's bloodstream, her
muscles quickly take it up for oxidation before her blood
alcohol level increases.
c) The microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS)
breaks down about 20% of the alcohol Anya consumes
before it is absorbed into her bloodstream.
d) None of the above statements is true.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Of the approximately 160,000 kcal reserves in the
body of a well-nourished 70-kg male,
a) triglycerides account for about 50%, and glycogen
and protein each about 25%.
b) about 85% is from triglycerides, and most of
the remaining 15% is from protein.
c) triglycerides, glycogen, and protein each account
for about 33%.
d) triglycerides, glycogen, protein, and water each
account for about 25%.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Of the approximately 160,000 kcal reserves in the
body of a well-nourished 70-kg male,
a) triglycerides account for about 50%, and glycogen
and protein each about 25%.
b) about 85% is from triglycerides, and most of
the remaining 15% is from protein.
c) triglycerides, glycogen, and protein each account
for about 33%.
d) triglycerides, glycogen, protein, and water each
account for about 25%.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Most lipogenesis
a) occurs when individuals consume an excess of
glucogenic amino acids.
b) occurs when acetyl CoA is converted into glycerol,
which is in turn attached to fatty acid chains.
c) occurs in liver cells.
d) occurs in adipose cells.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Most lipogenesis
a) occurs when individuals consume an excess of
glucogenic amino acids.
b) occurs when acetyl CoA is converted into glycerol,
which is in turn attached to fatty acid chains.
c) occurs in liver cells.
d) occurs in adipose cells.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol are
a)
b)
c)
d)
coenzymes.
cofactors.
anabolic hormones.
catabolic hormones.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol are
a)
b)
c)
d)
coenzymes.
cofactors.
anabolic hormones.
catabolic hormones.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
During short-term fasts, the body uses
a) muscle and liver glycogen for glucose for red blood
cells, brain cells, and other body cells.
b) liver glycogen for glucose for red blood cells,
brain cells, and other body cells.
c) glycerol from adipose tissue for ketone bodies.
d) amino acids from the breakdown of body proteins
for gluconeogenesis.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
During short-term fasts, the body uses
a) muscle and liver glycogen for glucose for red blood
cells, brain cells, and other body cells.
b) liver glycogen for glucose for red blood cells,
brain cells, and other body cells.
c) glycerol from adipose tissue for ketone bodies.
d) amino acids from the breakdown of body proteins
for gluconeogenesis.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.