electron transport chain
... • Metabolic pathways that release the energy stored in complex organic molecules are catabolic. • One type of catabolic process, fermentation, leads to the partial degradation of sugars in the absence of oxygen. • A more efficient and widespread catabolic process, cellular respiration, uses oxygen ...
... • Metabolic pathways that release the energy stored in complex organic molecules are catabolic. • One type of catabolic process, fermentation, leads to the partial degradation of sugars in the absence of oxygen. • A more efficient and widespread catabolic process, cellular respiration, uses oxygen ...
Middle East Jeopardy
... This characteristic of populations refers to the number of organisms that occupy a certain amount of space. In other words, a large number of organisms in an environment has a high whereas a small number of organisms in that same space would have a low ...
... This characteristic of populations refers to the number of organisms that occupy a certain amount of space. In other words, a large number of organisms in an environment has a high whereas a small number of organisms in that same space would have a low ...
Student notes in ppt
... a shuttle system, called the citrate shuttle, is required to move the C2 units across the membrane. Citrate transport out of the mitochondria provides a mechanism to stimulate fatty acid synthesis in the cytosol when acetyl CoA accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix. This build-up of acetyl CoA occ ...
... a shuttle system, called the citrate shuttle, is required to move the C2 units across the membrane. Citrate transport out of the mitochondria provides a mechanism to stimulate fatty acid synthesis in the cytosol when acetyl CoA accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix. This build-up of acetyl CoA occ ...
Hydrolysis method Samples are dried in pyrolyzed borosilicate
... Acid hydrolysis converts asparagine and glutamine to aspartic and glutamic acid respectively. That is, the amino acid analysis result for Asp is a total of Asp + Asn and the result for Glu is Glu + Gln. ...
... Acid hydrolysis converts asparagine and glutamine to aspartic and glutamic acid respectively. That is, the amino acid analysis result for Asp is a total of Asp + Asn and the result for Glu is Glu + Gln. ...
Mass spectrometric analysis of tricarboxylic acid cycle
... source of acetyl-coenzyme A is oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH complex) at the end of glycolysis. The acetyl group of the acetyl-coenzyme A enters the cycle via condensation reaction with oxaloacetate. In the course of eight oxidation-reduction ...
... source of acetyl-coenzyme A is oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH complex) at the end of glycolysis. The acetyl group of the acetyl-coenzyme A enters the cycle via condensation reaction with oxaloacetate. In the course of eight oxidation-reduction ...
Energy In A Cell
... • Stage 2: Light energy is converted to chemical energy • Excited electrons that leave chlorophyll molecules are used to produce new molecules that temporarily store chemical energy, including ATP. AN excited electron jumps to a nearby molecule in the thylakoid membrane • Then the electron is passed ...
... • Stage 2: Light energy is converted to chemical energy • Excited electrons that leave chlorophyll molecules are used to produce new molecules that temporarily store chemical energy, including ATP. AN excited electron jumps to a nearby molecule in the thylakoid membrane • Then the electron is passed ...
Energy In A Cell
... • Stage 2: Light energy is converted to chemical energy • Excited electrons that leave chlorophyll molecules are used to produce new molecules that temporarily store chemical energy, including ATP. AN excited electron jumps to a nearby molecule in the thylakoid membrane • Then the electron is passed ...
... • Stage 2: Light energy is converted to chemical energy • Excited electrons that leave chlorophyll molecules are used to produce new molecules that temporarily store chemical energy, including ATP. AN excited electron jumps to a nearby molecule in the thylakoid membrane • Then the electron is passed ...
ENERGY CURRENCY
... order for it to be utilized, it first must be converted into ATP. In order for this conversion to occur, oxidative pathways must be available. NAD+ is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and is found in all cells. It is actually classified as a coenzyme . In its reduced high energy form it is official ...
... order for it to be utilized, it first must be converted into ATP. In order for this conversion to occur, oxidative pathways must be available. NAD+ is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and is found in all cells. It is actually classified as a coenzyme . In its reduced high energy form it is official ...
BASIC CHEMISTRY
... substrate: molecules upon which an enzyme acts. The enzyme is shaped so that it can only lock up with a specific substrate ...
... substrate: molecules upon which an enzyme acts. The enzyme is shaped so that it can only lock up with a specific substrate ...
AULAS DE BIOQUÍMICA
... when two molecules of reduced cytochrome c (top) each donate an electron to the binuclear center CuA. From here electrons pass through heme a to the Fe-Cu center (cytochrome a3 and CuB). Oxygen now binds to heme a3 and is reduced to its peroxy derivative (O22-) by two electrons from the Fe-Cu center ...
... when two molecules of reduced cytochrome c (top) each donate an electron to the binuclear center CuA. From here electrons pass through heme a to the Fe-Cu center (cytochrome a3 and CuB). Oxygen now binds to heme a3 and is reduced to its peroxy derivative (O22-) by two electrons from the Fe-Cu center ...
Biochemistry 304 2014 Student Edition Gluconeogenesis Lectures
... Different organs/tissues in the body can be metabolically linked. Lactate produced by active skeletal muscle and erythrocytes is an energy source for other organs. •Skeletal muscle during vigorous exercise produces pyruvate at a rate faster than oxidative metabolism via the citric acid cycle can use ...
... Different organs/tissues in the body can be metabolically linked. Lactate produced by active skeletal muscle and erythrocytes is an energy source for other organs. •Skeletal muscle during vigorous exercise produces pyruvate at a rate faster than oxidative metabolism via the citric acid cycle can use ...
1 2 Resp iratio n : Gly co lysis: TC A -cy cle
... In E. coli the PTS-system transports among others glucose, fructose, mannose, mannitol. The PTS-sugars are superior to other sugar substrates in sustaining rapid growth. In other bacterial species other sugars can be transported by the PTS-system. The PTS-system is abundant in anaerobic as well as f ...
... In E. coli the PTS-system transports among others glucose, fructose, mannose, mannitol. The PTS-sugars are superior to other sugar substrates in sustaining rapid growth. In other bacterial species other sugars can be transported by the PTS-system. The PTS-system is abundant in anaerobic as well as f ...
Supplemental notes in pdf
... metabolic map illustrates the hierarchical nature of metabolism which includes four classes of macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids), six primary metabolites (amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, glucose, pyruvate, acetyl CoA) and six small biomolecules (NH4+, CO2, NA ...
... metabolic map illustrates the hierarchical nature of metabolism which includes four classes of macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids), six primary metabolites (amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, glucose, pyruvate, acetyl CoA) and six small biomolecules (NH4+, CO2, NA ...
Campbell Biology in Focus (Urry) Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration
... Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Lecture 27
... Except for Tyr, pathways are simple Derived from pyruvate, oxaloacetate, -ketoglutarate, and 3phosphoglycerate. Tyrosine is misclassified as nonessential since it is derived from the essential amino acid, Phe. ...
... Except for Tyr, pathways are simple Derived from pyruvate, oxaloacetate, -ketoglutarate, and 3phosphoglycerate. Tyrosine is misclassified as nonessential since it is derived from the essential amino acid, Phe. ...
biology-1-study
... endocytosis, phagocytosis, exocytosis Chapter 6 & 7 CELLULAR RESPIRATION -- summary equation, balance sheet (input and output for each stage) redox reactions -- what they are, why they are important, what it means when you oxidize a molecule, what it means when you reduce a molecule ...
... endocytosis, phagocytosis, exocytosis Chapter 6 & 7 CELLULAR RESPIRATION -- summary equation, balance sheet (input and output for each stage) redox reactions -- what they are, why they are important, what it means when you oxidize a molecule, what it means when you reduce a molecule ...
CHAPTER 6
... milk can oxidize hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid • Humans and other primates excrete uric acid in the urine, but most N goes out as urea • Birds, reptiles and insects excrete uric acid and for them it is the major nitrogen excretory compound • Gout occurs from accumulation of uric ...
... milk can oxidize hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid • Humans and other primates excrete uric acid in the urine, but most N goes out as urea • Birds, reptiles and insects excrete uric acid and for them it is the major nitrogen excretory compound • Gout occurs from accumulation of uric ...
2.8 Respiration
... 2. The citric acid cycle/ Krebs Cycle (completes the breakdown of glucose) 3. Oxidative phosphorylation (accounts for most of the ATP synthesis) ...
... 2. The citric acid cycle/ Krebs Cycle (completes the breakdown of glucose) 3. Oxidative phosphorylation (accounts for most of the ATP synthesis) ...
maximum mark: 60
... requires membranes / mitochondria prokaryotes do not have mitochondria – use plasma membrane description of chemiosmosis including role of ATP synthase glucose not only source of energy – many other carbohydrates, as well as fats (triglycerides) and amino acids / proteins can be used enzymes convert ...
... requires membranes / mitochondria prokaryotes do not have mitochondria – use plasma membrane description of chemiosmosis including role of ATP synthase glucose not only source of energy – many other carbohydrates, as well as fats (triglycerides) and amino acids / proteins can be used enzymes convert ...
Carbohydrate metabolism
... What are Functions of NAD, NADP, FAD? Electron carriers Oxidation / reduction reactions NAD and catabolic reactions -- substrate oxidation -- H- used for ATP synthesis NADP and anabolic reactions -- substrate reduction -- e.g., --COOH to C=O to C-OH ...
... What are Functions of NAD, NADP, FAD? Electron carriers Oxidation / reduction reactions NAD and catabolic reactions -- substrate oxidation -- H- used for ATP synthesis NADP and anabolic reactions -- substrate reduction -- e.g., --COOH to C=O to C-OH ...
REVIEW.h_U8_Respiration 2017
... Describe the composition of atmospheric air. Name the pathway that oxygen takes from the time it enters the human body to the time it reaches the mitochondrion of a muscle cell. Describe the physical changes of the respiratory system that a person suffering with emphysema undergoes. Name two ways th ...
... Describe the composition of atmospheric air. Name the pathway that oxygen takes from the time it enters the human body to the time it reaches the mitochondrion of a muscle cell. Describe the physical changes of the respiratory system that a person suffering with emphysema undergoes. Name two ways th ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.