What is respiration?
... reduced. When it loses the electrons it is oxidised. NAD operates during glycolysis (see spread 1.4.3), the link reaction (see spread 1.4.5), Krebs cycle (see spread 1.4.5) and during the anaerobic ethanol and lactate pathways (see spread 1.4.8). This coenzyme is made from pantothenic acid (a B-gr ...
... reduced. When it loses the electrons it is oxidised. NAD operates during glycolysis (see spread 1.4.3), the link reaction (see spread 1.4.5), Krebs cycle (see spread 1.4.5) and during the anaerobic ethanol and lactate pathways (see spread 1.4.8). This coenzyme is made from pantothenic acid (a B-gr ...
Student Book (Unit 1 Module 4) - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges
... reduced. When it loses the electrons it is oxidised. NAD operates during glycolysis (see spread 1.4.3), the link reaction (see spread 1.4.5), Krebs cycle (see spread 1.4.5) and during the anaerobic ethanol and lactate pathways (see spread 1.4.8). This coenzyme is made from pantothenic acid (a B-gr ...
... reduced. When it loses the electrons it is oxidised. NAD operates during glycolysis (see spread 1.4.3), the link reaction (see spread 1.4.5), Krebs cycle (see spread 1.4.5) and during the anaerobic ethanol and lactate pathways (see spread 1.4.8). This coenzyme is made from pantothenic acid (a B-gr ...
9/5/08 Transcript I
... So did we learn about the catabolism of methionine, or the production (anabolism) of cysteine, or both? The answer is both. This is both the catabolism of methionine and the anabolism of cysteine. If you have a block at this synthase enzyme, then you have Homocystinuria and they also test for that i ...
... So did we learn about the catabolism of methionine, or the production (anabolism) of cysteine, or both? The answer is both. This is both the catabolism of methionine and the anabolism of cysteine. If you have a block at this synthase enzyme, then you have Homocystinuria and they also test for that i ...
Ass3 - The University of Sydney
... B. The conversion from VLDLs to LDLs C. The release of fatty acids from adipose tissue D. The uptake of dietary cholesterol by cells from LDLs E. The formation of lipoproteins ...
... B. The conversion from VLDLs to LDLs C. The release of fatty acids from adipose tissue D. The uptake of dietary cholesterol by cells from LDLs E. The formation of lipoproteins ...
2016 일반생물학 Ch.7 Photosynthesis
... Photosynthesis uses light energy, CO2, and H2O • The chloroplast, which integrates the two stages of photosynthesis, makes sugar from CO2 – All but a few microscopic organisms depend on the food-making machinery of photosynthesis – Plants make more food than they actually need and stockpile it a ...
... Photosynthesis uses light energy, CO2, and H2O • The chloroplast, which integrates the two stages of photosynthesis, makes sugar from CO2 – All but a few microscopic organisms depend on the food-making machinery of photosynthesis – Plants make more food than they actually need and stockpile it a ...
2005 MCB 3020 Study Objectives, Part 2
... that the electrons are transferred to NAD+ making NADH (an intermediate electron carrier); that ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation; the net number of ATPs produced (2); that pyruvate is the product of glycolysis; and that glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. • Understand fermentation. ...
... that the electrons are transferred to NAD+ making NADH (an intermediate electron carrier); that ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation; the net number of ATPs produced (2); that pyruvate is the product of glycolysis; and that glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. • Understand fermentation. ...
Lesson 6.2 - Cycles
... • Nitrogen cycles through food chains like other elements. • Nitrogen is found in excreted wastes from animals. • Microorganisms break down excretions and dead animals to form ammonia. ...
... • Nitrogen cycles through food chains like other elements. • Nitrogen is found in excreted wastes from animals. • Microorganisms break down excretions and dead animals to form ammonia. ...
What is an acid?
... Electrolytes (in solution) React to certain metals to produce hydrogen gas They can cause chemical dyes (called indicators) to change colors ...
... Electrolytes (in solution) React to certain metals to produce hydrogen gas They can cause chemical dyes (called indicators) to change colors ...
Microbial Metabolism- Energy and Enzymes
... Many poisons and antimicrobial agents are enzyme inhibitors Can be accomplished by competitive or noncompetitive inhibitors Competitive inhibitors - compete with substrate for the active site ...
... Many poisons and antimicrobial agents are enzyme inhibitors Can be accomplished by competitive or noncompetitive inhibitors Competitive inhibitors - compete with substrate for the active site ...
gln.val.tyr.ala lys.arg.glu.trp met.his.leu.asp cys.pro.gly.asn F-A-D
... under ______________ (acid or alkaline?) conditions; the amino acid at the _____________ (amino terminal or carboxyl terminal?) is then removed in _______________ (acid or alkaline?) conditions, and the resulting amino acid derivative, known as a ___________________, is analyzed by chromatography. ...
... under ______________ (acid or alkaline?) conditions; the amino acid at the _____________ (amino terminal or carboxyl terminal?) is then removed in _______________ (acid or alkaline?) conditions, and the resulting amino acid derivative, known as a ___________________, is analyzed by chromatography. ...
Chapter 2 - Biochemistry
... • There are a large number of different types of proteins: – The number, kind and sequence of amino acids lead to this large variety ...
... • There are a large number of different types of proteins: – The number, kind and sequence of amino acids lead to this large variety ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... Glucose Pyruvate Lactate 2. In absence of oxygen, NADH + H+ is not oxidized by the respiratory chain. 3. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate is the mechanism for regeneration of NAD+. 4. This helps continuity of glycolysis, as the generated NAD+ will be used once more for oxidation of another ...
... Glucose Pyruvate Lactate 2. In absence of oxygen, NADH + H+ is not oxidized by the respiratory chain. 3. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate is the mechanism for regeneration of NAD+. 4. This helps continuity of glycolysis, as the generated NAD+ will be used once more for oxidation of another ...
MULTICHEMICAL SENSITIVITY…and MTHFR
... that can occur due to too much Homocysteine. S-AdenylMethionine [SAMe] If Homocysteine cannot adequately be converted into METHIONINE, then subsequently there will be insufficient S-AdenylMethionine [SAMe]. Now we are talking about a pathway frequently called the "Methylation Cycle" but it HAS anoth ...
... that can occur due to too much Homocysteine. S-AdenylMethionine [SAMe] If Homocysteine cannot adequately be converted into METHIONINE, then subsequently there will be insufficient S-AdenylMethionine [SAMe]. Now we are talking about a pathway frequently called the "Methylation Cycle" but it HAS anoth ...
Co-enzyme derived from vitamin and their role in metabolic action
... Riboflavin fulfills its role in metabolism as the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). FMN is formed by ATP-dependent phosphorylation of riboflavin, whereas FAD is synthesized by further reaction of FMN with ATP in which its AMP moiety is transferred to the FM ...
... Riboflavin fulfills its role in metabolism as the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). FMN is formed by ATP-dependent phosphorylation of riboflavin, whereas FAD is synthesized by further reaction of FMN with ATP in which its AMP moiety is transferred to the FM ...
Metabolic Pathways and Energy Production
... Digestion and hydrolysis break down large molecules to smaller ones that enter the bloodstream. Stage 2: Degradation breaks down molecules to two- and three-carbon compounds. Stage 3: Oxidation of small molecules in the citric acid cycle and electron transport provide ATP energy. ...
... Digestion and hydrolysis break down large molecules to smaller ones that enter the bloodstream. Stage 2: Degradation breaks down molecules to two- and three-carbon compounds. Stage 3: Oxidation of small molecules in the citric acid cycle and electron transport provide ATP energy. ...
Sample Exam 2
... 45. Pinocytosis literally translates to “cell eating”. 46. Carriers change shape when moving substances across the cell membrane. 47. Osmosis is a form of passive transport. 48. Either (both) of the strands in a molecule of DNA can be used for the process of protein synthesis. 49. TAG and GTC are ex ...
... 45. Pinocytosis literally translates to “cell eating”. 46. Carriers change shape when moving substances across the cell membrane. 47. Osmosis is a form of passive transport. 48. Either (both) of the strands in a molecule of DNA can be used for the process of protein synthesis. 49. TAG and GTC are ex ...
Nucleotide Sequence of Rainbow Trout a
... Origin of Clone. Messenger RNA was isolated from total blood cells. Complementary DNA was synthesized using the cDNA Synthesis Kit (Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sweden). A library was then constructed by cloning cDNA into pUC118. The library was screened with carp a-globin cDNA (Takeshita et al., 198 ...
... Origin of Clone. Messenger RNA was isolated from total blood cells. Complementary DNA was synthesized using the cDNA Synthesis Kit (Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sweden). A library was then constructed by cloning cDNA into pUC118. The library was screened with carp a-globin cDNA (Takeshita et al., 198 ...
Renal Physiology 9 (Acid Base 1)
... Acid – Base balance (a.k.a. pH HOMEOSTASIS) one of the essential functions of the body. When discussing acid - base balance, we are normally concerned with regulation of H+ ion balance (although HCO3- plays a vital role in this balance). ...
... Acid – Base balance (a.k.a. pH HOMEOSTASIS) one of the essential functions of the body. When discussing acid - base balance, we are normally concerned with regulation of H+ ion balance (although HCO3- plays a vital role in this balance). ...
Energy For Muscular Activity
... 1. What are the differences between the 3 energy systems? 2. List one advantage and one disadvantage of each of the 3 energy systems. 3. Give an example of three activities or sports that use each of (a) the high energy phosphate system, (b) the anaerobic glycolytic system, and (c) the aerobic oxida ...
... 1. What are the differences between the 3 energy systems? 2. List one advantage and one disadvantage of each of the 3 energy systems. 3. Give an example of three activities or sports that use each of (a) the high energy phosphate system, (b) the anaerobic glycolytic system, and (c) the aerobic oxida ...
03_Membrane rest potential. Generation and radiation action
... move across the membrane. They are transmembrane proteins, with fixed topology. An example is the GLUT1 glucose carrier, in plasma membranes of various cells, including erythrocytes. GLUT1 is a large integral protein, predicted via hydropathy plots to include 12 transmembrane a-helices. ...
... move across the membrane. They are transmembrane proteins, with fixed topology. An example is the GLUT1 glucose carrier, in plasma membranes of various cells, including erythrocytes. GLUT1 is a large integral protein, predicted via hydropathy plots to include 12 transmembrane a-helices. ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.