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CHAPTER 19 NOTES: PART I
Acids and Bases
What are some common acids?
 Vinegar (acetic acid)
 Carbonated drinks (carbonic and
phosphoric acid)
 Citrus fruits (citric acid)
 Car battery (sulfuric acid)
What are some common bases?
 Milk of magnesia (an antacid
containing magnesium hydroxide)
 Many cleaning products
 Ammonia, NH3 (Windex)
 Sodium hydroxide, NaOH (soap)
 Sodium hypochlorite, NaClO (bleach)
What properties do acids have?
Acids tend to be:
 Tart or sour tasting
 Electrolytes (in solution)
 React to certain metals to produce
hydrogen gas
 They can cause chemical dyes
(called indicators) to change colors
What properties do bases have?
Bases tend to be:
 Bitter tasting
 Slippery feeling when touched
 Able to neutralize an acid
 Also electrolytes (in solution)
Some Acid and Bases
Some Acid and Bases
Some Acid and Bases
What is an acid?
An acid is a compound that
produces hydrogen ions (H+)
when dissolved in water.
The formula would be HaX,
where X is any monatomic or
polyatomic anion and a is the
anion’s charge.
Naming an Acid
 When the name of the anion (X) ends
in –ide,
 the name begins with hydro-,
 then the stem of the anion,
 then the name ends with –ic acid
instead of -ide.
 ex) HCl is hydrochloric acid
Naming an Acid
 When the name of the ion ends
in –ate,
 then the name would be the
stem of the anion and the suffix
–ic acid instead of-ate.
 H2SO4 is sulfuric acid
Naming an Acid
 When the name of the ion ends
in –ite,
 then the name would be the
stem of the anion and the suffix
–ous acid instead of –ite.
 H2SO3 is sulfurous acid
Naming an Acid
Negative ion:
_____ ide
_____ ate
_____ ite
Acid Name:
hydro___ic acid
_____ic acid
_____ous acid
ex) H3P , H3PO4 , H3PO3
Acid Nomenclature Flowchart
ACIDS
start with 'H'
2 elements
3 elements
hydro- prefix
-ic ending
no hydro- prefix
-ate ending
becomes
-ic ending
-ite ending
becomes
-ous ending
What is a base?
 A base is a compound that
produces hydroxide (OH-) ions
when in solution.
 Bases are named the same way
that an ionic compound would be
named.
 NaOH is Sodium Hydroxide
Name the following acids and bases:
 HClO3
 H3PO4
 HF
 HNO3
 KOH
 Ba(OH)2
 H3PO3
 chloric acid
 phosphoric acid
 hydrofluoric acid
 nitric acid
 potassium hydroxide
 barium hydroxide
 phosphorous acid
Write the formula for the following:
 hydroiodic acid
 HI
 calcium hydroxide
 Ca(OH)2
 nitrous acid
 HNO2
 ammonium hydroxide  NH4OH
 nitric acid
 HNO3
 hydrobromic acid
 HBr
 phosphoric acid
 H3PO4