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The Human Arp2/3 Complex Is Composed of Evolutionarily
... In this study we have begun to explore the function of the Arp2/3 complex in animal cells. We have determined the complete amino acid sequence of all seven subunits of the human complex. Each protein has homologues in diverse eukaryotic organisms, indicating that the subunit composition, and most li ...
... In this study we have begun to explore the function of the Arp2/3 complex in animal cells. We have determined the complete amino acid sequence of all seven subunits of the human complex. Each protein has homologues in diverse eukaryotic organisms, indicating that the subunit composition, and most li ...
Genetic code redundancy and its influence on the encoded
... Genetic code redundancy and its influence on the encoded polypeptides Paige S. Spencer a, José M. Barral a,b,c* Abstract: The genetic code is said to be redundant in that the same amino acid residue can be encoded by multiple, so-called synonymous, codons. If all properties of synonymous codons were ...
... Genetic code redundancy and its influence on the encoded polypeptides Paige S. Spencer a, José M. Barral a,b,c* Abstract: The genetic code is said to be redundant in that the same amino acid residue can be encoded by multiple, so-called synonymous, codons. If all properties of synonymous codons were ...
The Maternal Gene skn.1 Encodes a Protein That Is Distributed
... in this cell cycle the level of Skn-1 protein begins to decrease in both P1 daughters and in both AB daughters (Figure 2m), and in many embryos the two AB daughters have no detectable Skn-1 protein. After the third cleavage, 8-cell stage embryos do not contain detectable Skn-1 protein in any of the ...
... in this cell cycle the level of Skn-1 protein begins to decrease in both P1 daughters and in both AB daughters (Figure 2m), and in many embryos the two AB daughters have no detectable Skn-1 protein. After the third cleavage, 8-cell stage embryos do not contain detectable Skn-1 protein in any of the ...
Poster
... Structure of GNNQQNY molecule: Nelson, R., Sawaya, MR., Balbirnie, M., Madsen, AO., Riekel, C., Grothe, R. & Eisenberg, D. (2005). Structure of the crossβ-spine of amyloid-like fibrils. Nature. 435, 773-778. Brain images: Aguzzi, A., Glatzel, M., Montrasio, F., Prinz, M & Heppner FL. (2001). Interve ...
... Structure of GNNQQNY molecule: Nelson, R., Sawaya, MR., Balbirnie, M., Madsen, AO., Riekel, C., Grothe, R. & Eisenberg, D. (2005). Structure of the crossβ-spine of amyloid-like fibrils. Nature. 435, 773-778. Brain images: Aguzzi, A., Glatzel, M., Montrasio, F., Prinz, M & Heppner FL. (2001). Interve ...
巴西橡胶Pto类抗病同源序列的克隆与系统发育重建
... Abstract: The tomato Pto gene encodes a serine/threonine kinase (STK) whose molecular characterization has provided valuable insights into the disease resistance mechanism of tomato and it is considered as a promising candidate for engineering broad-spectrum pathogen resistance in this crop. In this ...
... Abstract: The tomato Pto gene encodes a serine/threonine kinase (STK) whose molecular characterization has provided valuable insights into the disease resistance mechanism of tomato and it is considered as a promising candidate for engineering broad-spectrum pathogen resistance in this crop. In this ...
Hemoglobin Receptor in Leishmania Is a Hexokinase Located in the
... HbR. Leishmania promastigotes were transfected with this construct using a standard protocol (24). Briefly, Leishmania cells were grown to the late log phase (⬃1.0 ⫻ 107 cells/ml) at 23 °C in M199 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. Cells were resuspended at a density of 1.0 ⫻ 108 cells/m ...
... HbR. Leishmania promastigotes were transfected with this construct using a standard protocol (24). Briefly, Leishmania cells were grown to the late log phase (⬃1.0 ⫻ 107 cells/ml) at 23 °C in M199 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. Cells were resuspended at a density of 1.0 ⫻ 108 cells/m ...
Tubulin folding is altered by mutations in a putative GTP binding motif
... proteins does not occur in the forward direction (aminocarboxy) in the sequence of either α- or β-tubulin though it is present in the backward direction (Sternlicht et al., 1987). Davis et al. (1994) have shown that this region encompassing amino acids 103-109, a highly conserved region of β-tubulin ...
... proteins does not occur in the forward direction (aminocarboxy) in the sequence of either α- or β-tubulin though it is present in the backward direction (Sternlicht et al., 1987). Davis et al. (1994) have shown that this region encompassing amino acids 103-109, a highly conserved region of β-tubulin ...
Getting Started
... humans and computers. necessary for high-throughput “omics” datasets allows data sharing across databases ...
... humans and computers. necessary for high-throughput “omics” datasets allows data sharing across databases ...
Erp, an extracellular protein family specific to
... smegmatis and M. xenopi and the selected recombinant plasmids were sequenced. The DNA sequences were assembled and the deduced amino acid sequences were shown to contain repeated sequences based on the PGLTS motif, as already described for the M. tuberculosis and M. leprae proteins. Fig. 1 shows a s ...
... smegmatis and M. xenopi and the selected recombinant plasmids were sequenced. The DNA sequences were assembled and the deduced amino acid sequences were shown to contain repeated sequences based on the PGLTS motif, as already described for the M. tuberculosis and M. leprae proteins. Fig. 1 shows a s ...
Physical and chemical interactions between
... Callose can be degraded by endo-1,3-b-glucanase (or callase (EC 3.2.1.6)). It appears that it takes some time (several minutes) before such extensive callose structures are being synthesized or broken down. Therefore, more rapid plugging mechanisms are suspected to be responsible for a ready (a few ...
... Callose can be degraded by endo-1,3-b-glucanase (or callase (EC 3.2.1.6)). It appears that it takes some time (several minutes) before such extensive callose structures are being synthesized or broken down. Therefore, more rapid plugging mechanisms are suspected to be responsible for a ready (a few ...
PCTpc201500379rar2_pap_plantcell 1..13
... containing high levels of glucomannan) and galactomannan in beans (i.e., Ceratonia siliqua), which are accumulated as storage polysaccharides and utilized as dietary fibers in our foods. Mannans are also found in gymnosperms such as pine (i.e., Pinus radiata) as a major hemicellulose. The synthesis o ...
... containing high levels of glucomannan) and galactomannan in beans (i.e., Ceratonia siliqua), which are accumulated as storage polysaccharides and utilized as dietary fibers in our foods. Mannans are also found in gymnosperms such as pine (i.e., Pinus radiata) as a major hemicellulose. The synthesis o ...
Cellular functions of the BRCA tumour
... (ATM- and Rad3-related) and their substrates by mediating the spatiotemporal assembly of damage-specific multiprotein complexes at and around repair sites [27]. In BRCA1 exon 11 isoform-deficient cells, centrosome amplification is also observed that leads to the formation of multiple spindle poles i ...
... (ATM- and Rad3-related) and their substrates by mediating the spatiotemporal assembly of damage-specific multiprotein complexes at and around repair sites [27]. In BRCA1 exon 11 isoform-deficient cells, centrosome amplification is also observed that leads to the formation of multiple spindle poles i ...
Leukaemia Section t(3;12)(q26;p13) ETV6/MECOM / t(3;12)(q26;p13) ETV6/EVI1 Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... located at the beginning of the gene and another alternative (exon 1b starting at codon 43) upstream of exon 3. Protein The ETV6 protein (452 amino acids) contains two major domains, the HLH (helix-loop-helix) and ETS domains. The HLH domain, also referred to as the pointed or sterile alpha motif do ...
... located at the beginning of the gene and another alternative (exon 1b starting at codon 43) upstream of exon 3. Protein The ETV6 protein (452 amino acids) contains two major domains, the HLH (helix-loop-helix) and ETS domains. The HLH domain, also referred to as the pointed or sterile alpha motif do ...
The transcriptome of proteostasis perturbations reveal non
... overexpressing the physically interacting partners but not the PN complexes. This suggests that cellular response is tuned to handle more of the substrate proteins to maintain cellular activity by increasing the degradation capacity in order to limit toxicity. Thus, it appears that the chaperone net ...
... overexpressing the physically interacting partners but not the PN complexes. This suggests that cellular response is tuned to handle more of the substrate proteins to maintain cellular activity by increasing the degradation capacity in order to limit toxicity. Thus, it appears that the chaperone net ...
Influence of fermentable carbohydrates or protein on large intestinal
... Colonic contents and urine collected in this study were used to investigate the suitability of mass spectrometry to identify changes in metabolite composition associated with different diets. Results on animal performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal microbial ecology, tissue gene expression, ...
... Colonic contents and urine collected in this study were used to investigate the suitability of mass spectrometry to identify changes in metabolite composition associated with different diets. Results on animal performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal microbial ecology, tissue gene expression, ...
Document
... I. Intracellular Vesicular Traffic (chapter 13, Alberts) A. Two pathways: Biosynthetic secretory and endocytic, Fig. 13-1 B. The process of transport between all parts of the pathway is identical, vesicular transport, Fig. 13-2. C. Experimental Methods for studying vesicular transport 1. Cell free s ...
... I. Intracellular Vesicular Traffic (chapter 13, Alberts) A. Two pathways: Biosynthetic secretory and endocytic, Fig. 13-1 B. The process of transport between all parts of the pathway is identical, vesicular transport, Fig. 13-2. C. Experimental Methods for studying vesicular transport 1. Cell free s ...
AMP-activated/SNF1 protein kinases: conserved guardians of
... know almost nothing about the properties of the enzyme from S. pombe, but this structure does define the core interactions between the three subunits, which are likely to be conserved between different eukaryotes. The α-subunits: catalytic subunits. Two α-subunit iso forms (α1/α2) are encoded by di ...
... know almost nothing about the properties of the enzyme from S. pombe, but this structure does define the core interactions between the three subunits, which are likely to be conserved between different eukaryotes. The α-subunits: catalytic subunits. Two α-subunit iso forms (α1/α2) are encoded by di ...
Viruses as Building Blocks for Materials and Devices
... Viruses can be modified to a large extent by means of molecular-biology techniques. For example, foreign peptide sequences can be inserted into the surface proteins of the viruses (see Section 3 and Figure 1). This is accomplished on the level of the genetic code rather than through conjugation chem ...
... Viruses can be modified to a large extent by means of molecular-biology techniques. For example, foreign peptide sequences can be inserted into the surface proteins of the viruses (see Section 3 and Figure 1). This is accomplished on the level of the genetic code rather than through conjugation chem ...
REVIEWS Structural insights into the function of the
... amino acids leads to loss of CHM/REP1 larity between one another or with GDI. of the structure of oL-GDIcorresponds function in vivo and in vitro 19. The In these flavoproteins, the ADP moiety to that of a flavoprotein, this raises molecular explanation for this is readily of FAD is bound to a conse ...
... amino acids leads to loss of CHM/REP1 larity between one another or with GDI. of the structure of oL-GDIcorresponds function in vivo and in vitro 19. The In these flavoproteins, the ADP moiety to that of a flavoprotein, this raises molecular explanation for this is readily of FAD is bound to a conse ...
ETD Program - OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center
... Neurospora crassa is a fungus of the phylum Ascomycota, and was originally described as an orange mold that infested French bakeries in the 1800’s. The fungus was used in the early 1900’s by FAFC Went, a Dutch plant physiologist working in Indonesia and Surinam. This was because it was common to use ...
... Neurospora crassa is a fungus of the phylum Ascomycota, and was originally described as an orange mold that infested French bakeries in the 1800’s. The fungus was used in the early 1900’s by FAFC Went, a Dutch plant physiologist working in Indonesia and Surinam. This was because it was common to use ...
Import of Agrobacterium T-DNA into Plant Nuclei: Two
... A 250-nucleotide, fluorescently labeled ssDNA on its own did not accumulate in plant nuclei (Figure 3A and Table 1). In contrast to the experiments described above showing VirD2dependent nuclear translocation of 25-nucleotide ssDNA, VirD2 covalently attached to the 250-nucleotide DNA was not able to ...
... A 250-nucleotide, fluorescently labeled ssDNA on its own did not accumulate in plant nuclei (Figure 3A and Table 1). In contrast to the experiments described above showing VirD2dependent nuclear translocation of 25-nucleotide ssDNA, VirD2 covalently attached to the 250-nucleotide DNA was not able to ...
RNA-binding proteins
... RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play key roles in post-transcriptional control of RNAs, which, along with transcriptional regulation, is a major way to regulate patterns of gene expression during development. Post-transcriptional control can occur at many different steps in RNA metabolism, including spl ...
... RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play key roles in post-transcriptional control of RNAs, which, along with transcriptional regulation, is a major way to regulate patterns of gene expression during development. Post-transcriptional control can occur at many different steps in RNA metabolism, including spl ...
A nucleus-encoded chloroplast protein regulated by iron availability
... domain may be functionally important (Supplemental Table S1). Altogether, these observations suggest that TAA1 could be involved in RNA metabolism. A comparison of the cDNA sequences of the wild-type TAA1 and of the taa1 mutant, obtained by RT-PCR, revealed a single base substitution, which changes ...
... domain may be functionally important (Supplemental Table S1). Altogether, these observations suggest that TAA1 could be involved in RNA metabolism. A comparison of the cDNA sequences of the wild-type TAA1 and of the taa1 mutant, obtained by RT-PCR, revealed a single base substitution, which changes ...
Conditional lethality of a yeast strain expressing human RHOA in place of RHO1 .
... Yptlp and Sec4p to specify their functional difference. The chimeric genes were analyzed by using two yeast tester strains: a rhol deletion mutation and a strain that relies solely on the expression of human RHOA. The difference in complementation ability observed with these strains is an unexpected ...
... Yptlp and Sec4p to specify their functional difference. The chimeric genes were analyzed by using two yeast tester strains: a rhol deletion mutation and a strain that relies solely on the expression of human RHOA. The difference in complementation ability observed with these strains is an unexpected ...
Cardiolipin-Mediated Mitochondrial Dynamics and
... However, CL’s role in plants is just beginning to be elucidated. In this study, we used Arabidopsis thaliana to examine the subcellular distribution of CL and CARDIOLIPIN SYNTHASE (CLS) and analyzed loss-of-function cls mutants for defects in mitochondrial morphogenesis and stress response. We show ...
... However, CL’s role in plants is just beginning to be elucidated. In this study, we used Arabidopsis thaliana to examine the subcellular distribution of CL and CARDIOLIPIN SYNTHASE (CLS) and analyzed loss-of-function cls mutants for defects in mitochondrial morphogenesis and stress response. We show ...
Protein moonlighting
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/3EL3.png?width=300)
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.