![Gene families and evolution of trehalose](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/022901904_1-7622d982a00e6ebf0d007f0ebcc1abde-300x300.png)
Gene families and evolution of trehalose
... 2005; Satoh-Nagasawa et al. 2006). The maize TPP (RA3) is of particular interest, because a lesion in the gene encoding this enzyme in the ramosa3 (ra3) mutant leads to increased inflorescence branching (Satoh-Nagasawa et al. 2006). It was proposed that the RA3 gene product could either interfere wit ...
... 2005; Satoh-Nagasawa et al. 2006). The maize TPP (RA3) is of particular interest, because a lesion in the gene encoding this enzyme in the ramosa3 (ra3) mutant leads to increased inflorescence branching (Satoh-Nagasawa et al. 2006). It was proposed that the RA3 gene product could either interfere wit ...
beyond binding: molecular and cell biological approaches to
... properties of defined GPCRs. In many cases, receptors expressed in heterologous cell systems have remarkably similar functional properties to those in their native tissue of origin, although this is not always the case. For example, D2 dopamine receptors differ in their properties in pituitary GH4C1 ...
... properties of defined GPCRs. In many cases, receptors expressed in heterologous cell systems have remarkably similar functional properties to those in their native tissue of origin, although this is not always the case. For example, D2 dopamine receptors differ in their properties in pituitary GH4C1 ...
Biogenesis of proteins of the mitochondrial intermembrane space
... membrane, therefore it is considered to have physicochemical features similar to those of the cytosol. The mitochondrial matrix is a space of a high density, enclosed by the inner membrane. It contains the mitochondrial DNA, specific mitochondrial ribosomes and a large number of enzymes. The size an ...
... membrane, therefore it is considered to have physicochemical features similar to those of the cytosol. The mitochondrial matrix is a space of a high density, enclosed by the inner membrane. It contains the mitochondrial DNA, specific mitochondrial ribosomes and a large number of enzymes. The size an ...
Red Blood Cell Glycophorins
... RBCs are clinically well. Thus, increased glycosylation of band 3 in En(a-) and MkMkcells functionally substitutes for the loss of GPA and accounts for the normal RBC behavior observed in these individuals. Mutations that result in GPA deficiency are extremely rare and we speculate that without conc ...
... RBCs are clinically well. Thus, increased glycosylation of band 3 in En(a-) and MkMkcells functionally substitutes for the loss of GPA and accounts for the normal RBC behavior observed in these individuals. Mutations that result in GPA deficiency are extremely rare and we speculate that without conc ...
Red blood cell glycophorins
... ' ~ well . ~ ~ as the En(a-) and MkMkphenotypes, in which the membrane is totally deficient in GPA.3X-40 The Miltenberger V gene, as a consequence of unequal crossing over between GPA and GPB genes, is composed of exons 1 through 3 of the GPA gene and exons 3 through 5 of the GPB gene (Fig 2).2R.3s. ...
... ' ~ well . ~ ~ as the En(a-) and MkMkphenotypes, in which the membrane is totally deficient in GPA.3X-40 The Miltenberger V gene, as a consequence of unequal crossing over between GPA and GPB genes, is composed of exons 1 through 3 of the GPA gene and exons 3 through 5 of the GPB gene (Fig 2).2R.3s. ...
user manual for MS Amanda Standalone
... [protein="true|false"] [delta_mass="+XX.XX"]>Name[(AA,AA)]‐‐>Carbamidomethyl(C)
Oxidation(M)
MyOw ...
... [protein="true|false"] [delta_mass="+XX.XX"]>Name[(AA,AA)]‐‐>
osa and brahma interact in Drosophila - Development
... osa and brm were first identified as suppressors of both the antenna to leg transformation caused by the Nasobemia (Ns) allele of Antp and the extra sex combs phenotype caused by derepression of Sex combs reduced (Scr) in Polycomb (Pc) mutants (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988). While examining genetic int ...
... osa and brm were first identified as suppressors of both the antenna to leg transformation caused by the Nasobemia (Ns) allele of Antp and the extra sex combs phenotype caused by derepression of Sex combs reduced (Scr) in Polycomb (Pc) mutants (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988). While examining genetic int ...
Structure and function of steroid receptor AF1 transactivation domains
... by the presence of an N-terminal 165-amino-acid extension (reviewed in [57]). The AF1 domain has been mapped to 91 amino acids preceding the DBD [58,59] (Figure 1). Interestingly, the autonomous function of this domain required the PR-DBD, suggesting intra-domain communication [57]. A second transac ...
... by the presence of an N-terminal 165-amino-acid extension (reviewed in [57]). The AF1 domain has been mapped to 91 amino acids preceding the DBD [58,59] (Figure 1). Interestingly, the autonomous function of this domain required the PR-DBD, suggesting intra-domain communication [57]. A second transac ...
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... large Npc1 protein has 13 transmembrane domains and a sterolsensing domain (SSD) (Carstea et al., 1997; Loftus et al., 1997). Npc2, a small, secreted protein that binds cholesterol strongly, was first found as an abundant component of human epididymal fluid and later linked through human genetics to ...
... large Npc1 protein has 13 transmembrane domains and a sterolsensing domain (SSD) (Carstea et al., 1997; Loftus et al., 1997). Npc2, a small, secreted protein that binds cholesterol strongly, was first found as an abundant component of human epididymal fluid and later linked through human genetics to ...
Disruption of mCry2 restores circadian rhythmicity in mPer2 mutant
... 2a). Thus, circadian expression of mPer1 in Per2Brdm1 mutants is rescued by inactivation of mCry2. A similar rescue was observed for mCry1 expression: both amplitude and timing of mCry1 oscillation in Per2Brdm1/ mCry2−/− mutant animals was not significantly different from that observed in wild-type ...
... 2a). Thus, circadian expression of mPer1 in Per2Brdm1 mutants is rescued by inactivation of mCry2. A similar rescue was observed for mCry1 expression: both amplitude and timing of mCry1 oscillation in Per2Brdm1/ mCry2−/− mutant animals was not significantly different from that observed in wild-type ...
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive
... consecutive removal from chl of phytol and the Mg atom by chlorophyllase and a metal-chelating substance, respectively. Loss of the green color occurs during the subsequent opening of the porphyrin macrocycle of pheophorbide (pheide) a by the coupled action of pheide a oxygenase (PAO) and red chl c ...
... consecutive removal from chl of phytol and the Mg atom by chlorophyllase and a metal-chelating substance, respectively. Loss of the green color occurs during the subsequent opening of the porphyrin macrocycle of pheophorbide (pheide) a by the coupled action of pheide a oxygenase (PAO) and red chl c ...
Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry
... caspase 8, was superior in its ability to induce apoptosis in two different malignant glioma cell lines. The addition of caspase combinations to cancer cell lines may illicit synergistic results [74]. Recently, small molecule approaches to caspase activation have been demonstrated [75]. In Kurschus ...
... caspase 8, was superior in its ability to induce apoptosis in two different malignant glioma cell lines. The addition of caspase combinations to cancer cell lines may illicit synergistic results [74]. Recently, small molecule approaches to caspase activation have been demonstrated [75]. In Kurschus ...
LacZ Reporter Gene Expression in 81 KOMP Heterozygous Mutants
... sections has a similar anatomical distribution and is observed less frequently than that found with whole-mounts. ...
... sections has a similar anatomical distribution and is observed less frequently than that found with whole-mounts. ...
Module 5: Alternative Open Reading Frame
... 14. If you had a significant number of BLAST hits with low e values and high scores in your Sequence Based Similarity module, you can most likely stop at this point and conclude the start and stop codons are correct as called. However, there may be some hints that the start codon is called incorrect ...
... 14. If you had a significant number of BLAST hits with low e values and high scores in your Sequence Based Similarity module, you can most likely stop at this point and conclude the start and stop codons are correct as called. However, there may be some hints that the start codon is called incorrect ...
Interactions of Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes
... provide a means to probe the role of the mitochondrion in reproductive development. Fertility restorers are examples of nuclear genes that affect cytoplasmic gene expression, and their identification can illuminate the interactions between the two genomes. In this review, we consider what is known a ...
... provide a means to probe the role of the mitochondrion in reproductive development. Fertility restorers are examples of nuclear genes that affect cytoplasmic gene expression, and their identification can illuminate the interactions between the two genomes. In this review, we consider what is known a ...
Factors Affecting synonymous codon Usage Bias in chloroplast
... protein-coding genes, 8.08% RNA genes) and noncoding regions, which contain intergenic spacer (IGS) regions and introns, comprising 50.06%. Among the full 128 coding genes of the Oncidium Gower Ramsey chloroplast genome, we identified 74, 37 and 8 protein-coding, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA g ...
... protein-coding genes, 8.08% RNA genes) and noncoding regions, which contain intergenic spacer (IGS) regions and introns, comprising 50.06%. Among the full 128 coding genes of the Oncidium Gower Ramsey chloroplast genome, we identified 74, 37 and 8 protein-coding, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA g ...
Calcium Homeostasis in Plants: Role of Calcium Binding Proteins in
... mechanism of 'transfer' of this information from outer surface to the core controlling units has been an active area of research since past few decades. Abundant reports do exit in literature, which support a kind of 'cascading mechanism' for this purpose. It is now a well-established fact that a di ...
... mechanism of 'transfer' of this information from outer surface to the core controlling units has been an active area of research since past few decades. Abundant reports do exit in literature, which support a kind of 'cascading mechanism' for this purpose. It is now a well-established fact that a di ...
lac
... • These genes are controlled. E. coli is a successful competitor in the gut because it doesn’t waste time and energy making mRNA and proteins that are not needed. The lac genes are only transcribed if lactose is present in the growth medium. ...
... • These genes are controlled. E. coli is a successful competitor in the gut because it doesn’t waste time and energy making mRNA and proteins that are not needed. The lac genes are only transcribed if lactose is present in the growth medium. ...
Zinc Ions and Cation Diffusion Facilitator Proteins
... the C terminus fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressed by the endogenous cdf-1 promoter (Figure 2A). Transgenic worms were generated that had the genotype let-60(gf); cdf-1(n2527) and contained an extrachromosomal array of this plasmid and a transformation marker. These animals displayed ...
... the C terminus fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressed by the endogenous cdf-1 promoter (Figure 2A). Transgenic worms were generated that had the genotype let-60(gf); cdf-1(n2527) and contained an extrachromosomal array of this plasmid and a transformation marker. These animals displayed ...
Centronuclear myopathy in mice lacking a novel muscle
... Figure 1. Identification of Stk23/Srpk3 as a novel SRPK. (a) Microarray analysis was performed using the hearts of E9.0 Mef2c-null and wild-type embryos. Down-regulation of the Stk23/Srpk3 expression in the Mef2c-null hearts was confirmed by RT–PCR. (Gapd) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ex ...
... Figure 1. Identification of Stk23/Srpk3 as a novel SRPK. (a) Microarray analysis was performed using the hearts of E9.0 Mef2c-null and wild-type embryos. Down-regulation of the Stk23/Srpk3 expression in the Mef2c-null hearts was confirmed by RT–PCR. (Gapd) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ex ...
Ammonium utilization in Bacillus subtilis: transport and regulatory
... Bacillus subtilis uses glutamine as the best source of nitrogen. In the absence of glutamine, alternative nitrogen sources such as ammonium can be used. Ammonium utilization involves the uptake of the gas or the ammonium ion, the synthesis of glutamine by the glutamine synthetase and the recycling o ...
... Bacillus subtilis uses glutamine as the best source of nitrogen. In the absence of glutamine, alternative nitrogen sources such as ammonium can be used. Ammonium utilization involves the uptake of the gas or the ammonium ion, the synthesis of glutamine by the glutamine synthetase and the recycling o ...
Peroxisomal disorders I: biochemistry and genetics of peroxisome
... fragment of Pex3p expressed in H. polymorpha is associated with vesicular membrane structures that also contain Pex14p. Furthermore, these structures appeared to have the potential to develop into functional peroxisomes after introduction of full-length PEX3 and arise from the nuclear membrane. In c ...
... fragment of Pex3p expressed in H. polymorpha is associated with vesicular membrane structures that also contain Pex14p. Furthermore, these structures appeared to have the potential to develop into functional peroxisomes after introduction of full-length PEX3 and arise from the nuclear membrane. In c ...
Fibrillin microfibrils: Connective tissue pathways that regulate shape
... Fibrillins are large modular extracellular matrix proteins that form the backbone structure of "microfibrils." Fibrillin microfibrils are ubiquitous in the connective tissue space. The importance of fibrillin microfibrils to specific connective tissues is demonstrated by the phenotypic features of t ...
... Fibrillins are large modular extracellular matrix proteins that form the backbone structure of "microfibrils." Fibrillin microfibrils are ubiquitous in the connective tissue space. The importance of fibrillin microfibrils to specific connective tissues is demonstrated by the phenotypic features of t ...
The expanding universe of alkaloid biosynthesis Vincenzo De Luca
... that is similar to that of chalcone synthase (CHS; EC 2.3.1.74). Unlike CHS, however, ACS will not accept 4-coumaroyl-CoA as a substrate. The initial isolation of an ACSI clone (reviewed in [2•]), and the subsequent characterization of the tandemly arranged and 94% homologous ACSII gene [3], reveale ...
... that is similar to that of chalcone synthase (CHS; EC 2.3.1.74). Unlike CHS, however, ACS will not accept 4-coumaroyl-CoA as a substrate. The initial isolation of an ACSI clone (reviewed in [2•]), and the subsequent characterization of the tandemly arranged and 94% homologous ACSII gene [3], reveale ...
Recent Advances in Target Characterization and Identification by
... γ-Secretase is an integral membrane protease that cleaves the amyloid precursor proteins (APP) to release Aβ peptides, which have a causative role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [19,20]. γ-Secretase is a complex of four different integral membrane proteins (presenilin, nicastrin, Ap ...
... γ-Secretase is an integral membrane protease that cleaves the amyloid precursor proteins (APP) to release Aβ peptides, which have a causative role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [19,20]. γ-Secretase is a complex of four different integral membrane proteins (presenilin, nicastrin, Ap ...
Protein moonlighting
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/3EL3.png?width=300)
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.