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Characterization of the Enzymatic Component of the ADP
... Certain strains of Clostridium difficile produce the ADP-ribosyltransferase CDT, which is a binary actin ADP-ribosylating toxin. The toxin consists of the binding component CDTb, which mediates receptor binding and cellular uptake, and the enzyme component CDTa. Here we studied the enzyme component ...
... Certain strains of Clostridium difficile produce the ADP-ribosyltransferase CDT, which is a binary actin ADP-ribosylating toxin. The toxin consists of the binding component CDTb, which mediates receptor binding and cellular uptake, and the enzyme component CDTa. Here we studied the enzyme component ...
Virulence factors of Enterococcus spp. presented in food
... 2016). In particular, it occurs because genes conferring/expressing resistance to antibiotics and virulence factors are often placed on the same mobile genetic elements. As well as transmissible antibiotic resistance plasmids, virulence factors are known to be transmissible by highly efficient gene t ...
... 2016). In particular, it occurs because genes conferring/expressing resistance to antibiotics and virulence factors are often placed on the same mobile genetic elements. As well as transmissible antibiotic resistance plasmids, virulence factors are known to be transmissible by highly efficient gene t ...
Biomolecular chemistry 3. Translating the genetic code
... as opposed to RNA, level) which may or may not be in the correct frame. • If the next ATG encodes an in frame methionine, the translated protein will be missing the N-terminal sequence between its first two methionine residues. • If the next ATG is out of frame (see +2 translation) then a nonsensica ...
... as opposed to RNA, level) which may or may not be in the correct frame. • If the next ATG encodes an in frame methionine, the translated protein will be missing the N-terminal sequence between its first two methionine residues. • If the next ATG is out of frame (see +2 translation) then a nonsensica ...
Signal Transduction and the Chemically Addressed Nervous System
... and GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid). These six are sometimes considered the "classic" neurotransmitters because they were discovered first and also because they have developed into the major target systems for psychotropic drugs. Classic neurotransmitters are relatively low-molecular weight amines or ...
... and GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid). These six are sometimes considered the "classic" neurotransmitters because they were discovered first and also because they have developed into the major target systems for psychotropic drugs. Classic neurotransmitters are relatively low-molecular weight amines or ...
T Molecular Basis of Muscle Structure C 12
... foundation that established the indirect flight muscles (IFM) as a model system for muscle development and function. The characterization of these and subsequent mutant strains in the decades since, employing a wide variety of experimental approaches, has provide much insight into the functional pro ...
... foundation that established the indirect flight muscles (IFM) as a model system for muscle development and function. The characterization of these and subsequent mutant strains in the decades since, employing a wide variety of experimental approaches, has provide much insight into the functional pro ...
Enzymatic lysis of microbial cells
... (Smith et al. 2000), Staphylococcus aureus (Foster 1995), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (Lopez et al. 2000). Typically, autolysins have a modular structure, with a N-terminal signal peptide followed by a second domain, which contains the active site. In addition, these proteins harbor repeat motifs f ...
... (Smith et al. 2000), Staphylococcus aureus (Foster 1995), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (Lopez et al. 2000). Typically, autolysins have a modular structure, with a N-terminal signal peptide followed by a second domain, which contains the active site. In addition, these proteins harbor repeat motifs f ...
The Toll immune-regulated Drosophila protein Fondue is involved in
... have demonstrated that AMP genes are regulated by the Toll and the Imd pathways, which are selectively activated by different classes of microbes (Tanji and Ip, 2005). A recent DNA microarray study has shown that in addition to AMP ...
... have demonstrated that AMP genes are regulated by the Toll and the Imd pathways, which are selectively activated by different classes of microbes (Tanji and Ip, 2005). A recent DNA microarray study has shown that in addition to AMP ...
Fern Gametophytes Grown under Different Light Spectra 1
... B-, and W-gametophytes, equal amounts of protein extracts were separated on SDS-PAGE gels. Thereafter the gels were blotted onto nitrocellulose filters and probed with polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbit against either SDS-treated spinach LSU or SSU. Figures 3 and 4 show typical immunoblots using ...
... B-, and W-gametophytes, equal amounts of protein extracts were separated on SDS-PAGE gels. Thereafter the gels were blotted onto nitrocellulose filters and probed with polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbit against either SDS-treated spinach LSU or SSU. Figures 3 and 4 show typical immunoblots using ...
4 - Merck Millipore
... antibiotics, buffers, detergents, dyes, stains, and substrates, which are indispensable for any life science research laboratory. You will find this guide to be a useful resource, whether you are just beginning your research or you are training the new researchers in your laboratory. Specific techni ...
... antibiotics, buffers, detergents, dyes, stains, and substrates, which are indispensable for any life science research laboratory. You will find this guide to be a useful resource, whether you are just beginning your research or you are training the new researchers in your laboratory. Specific techni ...
Cardiovascular proteomics
... expression “Whatever you see at a genomic level…you really have to doublecheck and make sure that that is happening also at the protein level.” Van Eyk Some of the disparities between the mRNA and protein levels could just ...
... expression “Whatever you see at a genomic level…you really have to doublecheck and make sure that that is happening also at the protein level.” Van Eyk Some of the disparities between the mRNA and protein levels could just ...
Turnover of protein phosphorylation evolving under
... with its SH2 domain, which closes the kinase into an inactive conformation (Frame, 2002). Because single phosphorylation sites in specific cases play key roles in protein regulation, mutations at these sites may have complex organismal phenotypes. For instance, mutation of Ser47 on the Drosophila cir ...
... with its SH2 domain, which closes the kinase into an inactive conformation (Frame, 2002). Because single phosphorylation sites in specific cases play key roles in protein regulation, mutations at these sites may have complex organismal phenotypes. For instance, mutation of Ser47 on the Drosophila cir ...
PDF
... The expression of snail in the hydroid Podocoryne, and the behaviour of cells containing it, have both interesting similarities and differences when compared to the situation in Acropora. During Podocoryne embryonic development snail mRNA, which is provided maternally, is present in all developmenta ...
... The expression of snail in the hydroid Podocoryne, and the behaviour of cells containing it, have both interesting similarities and differences when compared to the situation in Acropora. During Podocoryne embryonic development snail mRNA, which is provided maternally, is present in all developmenta ...
Global phosphoproteomic effects of natural tyrosine kinase inhibitor
... tool for comprehensively characterizing protein expression and modification. However, a limited number of tyrosinephosphorylated proteins were identified when using IMAC or TiO2 phosphopeptide enrichment strategy because that tyrosine phosphorylation represents merely 0.05% of all the phosphorylatio ...
... tool for comprehensively characterizing protein expression and modification. However, a limited number of tyrosinephosphorylated proteins were identified when using IMAC or TiO2 phosphopeptide enrichment strategy because that tyrosine phosphorylation represents merely 0.05% of all the phosphorylatio ...
microRNA Mimic and Inhibitor Functional Analysis
... mRNA and suppressing its translation or initiating its degradation.1 Since their initial description in C. elegans in 1993, almost four thousand miRNAs in over 40 species of animals, plants and viruses have been identified.2 Subsequent functional and sequence analyses suggest that miRNAs play an imp ...
... mRNA and suppressing its translation or initiating its degradation.1 Since their initial description in C. elegans in 1993, almost four thousand miRNAs in over 40 species of animals, plants and viruses have been identified.2 Subsequent functional and sequence analyses suggest that miRNAs play an imp ...
Nucleotide sequence and genome organization of foot-and
... about 8500 nucleotides, i.e. 500 nucleotides longer than estimated from sizinggets by (17). This size correction is also supported by the sizing and the partial sequence analysis of cDNA copies that cover the as yet uncloned 5'-terminat part of the FMDV genome, i.e. the S segment and the poly(C) tra ...
... about 8500 nucleotides, i.e. 500 nucleotides longer than estimated from sizinggets by (17). This size correction is also supported by the sizing and the partial sequence analysis of cDNA copies that cover the as yet uncloned 5'-terminat part of the FMDV genome, i.e. the S segment and the poly(C) tra ...
The bacterial divisome: ready for its close-up
... To understand more about divisome structure, several avenues have been taken. One successful approach identified which divisome proteins could still properly localize after removal of other divisome proteins. As knockouts of divisome protein genes are generally lethal, these types of experiments hav ...
... To understand more about divisome structure, several avenues have been taken. One successful approach identified which divisome proteins could still properly localize after removal of other divisome proteins. As knockouts of divisome protein genes are generally lethal, these types of experiments hav ...
A New Subunit of Cytochrome b6f Complex Undergoes Reversible
... suggested by homologies to expressed sequence tags (20). Last, a nucleus-encoded 19-kDa polypeptide, termed suV, had been proposed to associate with the rest of the cytb6f subunits in C. reinhardtii, based on its presence in cytb6fenriched fractions and its absence or low representation in cytb6f-de ...
... suggested by homologies to expressed sequence tags (20). Last, a nucleus-encoded 19-kDa polypeptide, termed suV, had been proposed to associate with the rest of the cytb6f subunits in C. reinhardtii, based on its presence in cytb6fenriched fractions and its absence or low representation in cytb6f-de ...
biochemical, biophysical and electrophysiological characterisation
... The present study is focused on the production, biochemical and biophysical characterisation as well as crystallisation of the voltage-gated sodium channel from Maricaulis maris MCS10 (NaChMM). Thus, an optimised protocol for the production of milligram quantities (6 mg/L) of highly pure recombinant ...
... The present study is focused on the production, biochemical and biophysical characterisation as well as crystallisation of the voltage-gated sodium channel from Maricaulis maris MCS10 (NaChMM). Thus, an optimised protocol for the production of milligram quantities (6 mg/L) of highly pure recombinant ...
Plant Immune Responses Against Viruses
... TBSV p19 protein, within amino acid residues 43 through 85, abolished the typical HR-associated necrotic lesions on N. tabacum during TBSV infection, instead producing mild chlorotic lesions, suggesting that the cell death/necrosis phenotype can be uncoupled from resistance response (Chu et al., 200 ...
... TBSV p19 protein, within amino acid residues 43 through 85, abolished the typical HR-associated necrotic lesions on N. tabacum during TBSV infection, instead producing mild chlorotic lesions, suggesting that the cell death/necrosis phenotype can be uncoupled from resistance response (Chu et al., 200 ...
Biomolecular chemistry 3. Translating the genetic code
... opposed to RNA, level) which may or may not be in the correct frame. If the next ATG encodes an in frame methionine, the translated protein will be missing the N-terminal sequence between its first two methionine residues. If the next ATG is out of frame (see +2 translation) then a nonsensical prote ...
... opposed to RNA, level) which may or may not be in the correct frame. If the next ATG encodes an in frame methionine, the translated protein will be missing the N-terminal sequence between its first two methionine residues. If the next ATG is out of frame (see +2 translation) then a nonsensical prote ...
A Chromatin Insulator Determines the Nuclear Localization of DNA
... should be present in the nucleus in or immediately adjacent to one of these insulator bodies when the sequence contains a gypsy insulator, but the two should localize in different nuclear regions when the gypsy insulator is not present in the sequence. To test this prediction, we carried out in situ ...
... should be present in the nucleus in or immediately adjacent to one of these insulator bodies when the sequence contains a gypsy insulator, but the two should localize in different nuclear regions when the gypsy insulator is not present in the sequence. To test this prediction, we carried out in situ ...
The Carboxyl Terminus of the Prolactin
... interaction with GRIP is not protein kinase C-regulated but may be regulated by other unidentified kinase because okadaic acid dramatically reduced GRIP interaction. By in situ hybridization, we show that the PrRP receptor is expressed in neurons that also express these PDZ domain proteins. We thus ...
... interaction with GRIP is not protein kinase C-regulated but may be regulated by other unidentified kinase because okadaic acid dramatically reduced GRIP interaction. By in situ hybridization, we show that the PrRP receptor is expressed in neurons that also express these PDZ domain proteins. We thus ...
Inglés
... CWH are crucial in microbial chemotherapy since they are responsible for the irreversible effects caused by β-lactam antibiotics. Based on their bond specificity, lytic enzymes are classified as: (i) glycosidases (lysozymes or muramidases and glucosaminidases), (ii) endopeptidases, and (iii) amidase ...
... CWH are crucial in microbial chemotherapy since they are responsible for the irreversible effects caused by β-lactam antibiotics. Based on their bond specificity, lytic enzymes are classified as: (i) glycosidases (lysozymes or muramidases and glucosaminidases), (ii) endopeptidases, and (iii) amidase ...
Cancer Prone Disease Section Multiple osteochondromas (MO) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... Genes involved and proteins Note MO is a genetically heterogeneous disorder for which at present, two genes, 1 and 2 located respectively on 8q24 and 11p11-p12, have been isolated. The EXT1 gene was reported to show linkage in 44%-66% of the MO families, whereas EXT2 would be involved in ...
... Genes involved and proteins Note MO is a genetically heterogeneous disorder for which at present, two genes, 1 and 2 located respectively on 8q24 and 11p11-p12, have been isolated. The EXT1 gene was reported to show linkage in 44%-66% of the MO families, whereas EXT2 would be involved in ...
Analysis of alternative splicing in Drosophila genetic
... M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030-4009, fax: 713-834-6339; Email: [email protected] ...
... M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030-4009, fax: 713-834-6339; Email: [email protected] ...
Protein moonlighting
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/3EL3.png?width=300)
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.