![Alfred G. Gilman - Nobel Lecture](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/004215477_1-44393e0420aab832b6521aedbab61f9c-300x300.png)
Alfred G. Gilman - Nobel Lecture
... need for hormone {11, 12}. Michael Maguire, my first postdoctoral fellow, discovered that GTP decreased the affinity of receptors selectively for agonists, but not for antagonists (13). The interpretation of this counter - intuitive observation was not clear, but it surely appeared to be significant ...
... need for hormone {11, 12}. Michael Maguire, my first postdoctoral fellow, discovered that GTP decreased the affinity of receptors selectively for agonists, but not for antagonists (13). The interpretation of this counter - intuitive observation was not clear, but it surely appeared to be significant ...
gender determines the igf-i sensitivity of muscle protein anabolism
... Manuscript # E-00028-2002 Final Accepted Version ...
... Manuscript # E-00028-2002 Final Accepted Version ...
Cilia Review Article - Eastern Virginia Medical School
... flagella have been studied for many years in single-celled organisms, such as protozoa, and important insights into the physiology and biochemistry of these organelles have resulted. However, despite the established anatomical presence of primary cilia in eukaryotic cells, until recently, little has ...
... flagella have been studied for many years in single-celled organisms, such as protozoa, and important insights into the physiology and biochemistry of these organelles have resulted. However, despite the established anatomical presence of primary cilia in eukaryotic cells, until recently, little has ...
Proteasome inhibition induces reversible impairments in protein
... Huntington’s disease (4, 7). The development of specific inhibitors of proteasome function (8, 9) has allowed for numerous studies to identify that proteasome inhibition is sufficient to induce numerous neurochemical and neuropathological abnormalities observed in aging and age-related neurodegenera ...
... Huntington’s disease (4, 7). The development of specific inhibitors of proteasome function (8, 9) has allowed for numerous studies to identify that proteasome inhibition is sufficient to induce numerous neurochemical and neuropathological abnormalities observed in aging and age-related neurodegenera ...
Modelling neurodegeneration in Saccharomyces
... degeneration. Yeast prions were identified as nonMendelian elements of inheritance that, like mammalian prions, alter cellular phenotype through a proteinonly mode of transmission7. They have different functions, different cellular locations and no sequence similarity to their mammalian counterpar ...
... degeneration. Yeast prions were identified as nonMendelian elements of inheritance that, like mammalian prions, alter cellular phenotype through a proteinonly mode of transmission7. They have different functions, different cellular locations and no sequence similarity to their mammalian counterpar ...
Marine integrons containing novel integrase genes
... In order to understand the structure and biological significance of integrons and associated gene cassettes in marine polluted sediments, metagenomic DNAs were extracted from sites at Suez and Tokyo Bays. PCR amplicons containing new integrase genes, intI, linked with novel gene cassettes, were reco ...
... In order to understand the structure and biological significance of integrons and associated gene cassettes in marine polluted sediments, metagenomic DNAs were extracted from sites at Suez and Tokyo Bays. PCR amplicons containing new integrase genes, intI, linked with novel gene cassettes, were reco ...
Studies of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and
... reproduce. Viruses consist of either a single-stranded or a double-stranded DNA or RNA genome in addition to a protective protein coat. Viruses exist in the air, soil and water and infect all cellular life. As protection against the dozens of viruses that attack, vertebrates have two major ways to d ...
... reproduce. Viruses consist of either a single-stranded or a double-stranded DNA or RNA genome in addition to a protective protein coat. Viruses exist in the air, soil and water and infect all cellular life. As protection against the dozens of viruses that attack, vertebrates have two major ways to d ...
Functional Genomics
... Once whole-genome information is available for an organism, the challenge turns from identifying the parts to understanding their function, thus ushering in the 'post-genomic' era, also referred to as 'functional genomics'. In the short term, the goal is to assign some element of function to each of ...
... Once whole-genome information is available for an organism, the challenge turns from identifying the parts to understanding their function, thus ushering in the 'post-genomic' era, also referred to as 'functional genomics'. In the short term, the goal is to assign some element of function to each of ...
Acquisition, Conservation, and Loss of Dual
... The dual-targeting ability of a variety of proteins from Physcomitrella patens, rice (Oryza sativa), and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was tested to determine when dual targeting arose and to what extent it was conserved in land plants. Overall, the targeting ability of over 80 different protei ...
... The dual-targeting ability of a variety of proteins from Physcomitrella patens, rice (Oryza sativa), and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was tested to determine when dual targeting arose and to what extent it was conserved in land plants. Overall, the targeting ability of over 80 different protei ...
Glycophorin C Content of Human Erythrocyte
... Human erythrocyte transmembrane sialoglycoprotein, glycophorin C, plays a functionally important role in maintaining erythrocyte shape and regulating membrane material properties, possibly through its interaction with protein 4.1. Moreover, it has previously been shown that membranes deficient in pr ...
... Human erythrocyte transmembrane sialoglycoprotein, glycophorin C, plays a functionally important role in maintaining erythrocyte shape and regulating membrane material properties, possibly through its interaction with protein 4.1. Moreover, it has previously been shown that membranes deficient in pr ...
Spider Silk - Consortium for Mathematics and its Applications
... Because of significant laboratory research, we already know the amino acid sequences for many silk proteins. Additionally, research suggests that the technology to manufacture spider silk is not too far off. But perhaps we could do even better. What if we changed the amino acid sequence? Could we fi ...
... Because of significant laboratory research, we already know the amino acid sequences for many silk proteins. Additionally, research suggests that the technology to manufacture spider silk is not too far off. But perhaps we could do even better. What if we changed the amino acid sequence? Could we fi ...
Use of a Sec signal peptide library from Bacillus subtilis for the
... machinery. For example, >150 Sec-specific SPs have been identified for Bacillus subtilis alone. As the best SP for a target protein of choice cannot be predicted a priori, screening of homologous SPs has been shown to be a powerful tool for different expression organisms. While SP libraries between ...
... machinery. For example, >150 Sec-specific SPs have been identified for Bacillus subtilis alone. As the best SP for a target protein of choice cannot be predicted a priori, screening of homologous SPs has been shown to be a powerful tool for different expression organisms. While SP libraries between ...
A 55-Kilodalton Accessory Factor Facilitates Vitamin D Receptor
... receptor (42) might feasibly affect DNA binding. As observed in Fig. 3, both weak and strong interactions were evident upon chromatographic analysis, and their elution profiles were not significantly different from those identified when the VDR was labeled in vitro. The relative distribution of both ...
... receptor (42) might feasibly affect DNA binding. As observed in Fig. 3, both weak and strong interactions were evident upon chromatographic analysis, and their elution profiles were not significantly different from those identified when the VDR was labeled in vitro. The relative distribution of both ...
gramene_ontologytutorial
... • A (part of the) solution: – Ontology : “a controlled vocabulary that can be applied to either all organisms or at least with in a kingdom/sub-class/family even as knowledge of phenotypes and the associated gene and their roles in cells is accumulating and changing” ...
... • A (part of the) solution: – Ontology : “a controlled vocabulary that can be applied to either all organisms or at least with in a kingdom/sub-class/family even as knowledge of phenotypes and the associated gene and their roles in cells is accumulating and changing” ...
BH3-only proteins: key regulators of neuronal apoptosis
... pathway in sympathetic neurons and other types of neuron will require the construction of double or triple knockout mice and the careful comparison of neurons isolated from these mice with single knockout or wild-type controls. How might Bim contribute to the death of sympathetic neurons following N ...
... pathway in sympathetic neurons and other types of neuron will require the construction of double or triple knockout mice and the careful comparison of neurons isolated from these mice with single knockout or wild-type controls. How might Bim contribute to the death of sympathetic neurons following N ...
Strategy for Nonenveloped Virus Entry
... partially uncoated, but still large (⬃70-nm), particle with active transcriptases for viral mRNA synthesis directly into the cytoplasm. This process is likely initiated by a particle form that resembles infectious subvirion particles (ISVPs), disassembly intermediates produced from virions by proteo ...
... partially uncoated, but still large (⬃70-nm), particle with active transcriptases for viral mRNA synthesis directly into the cytoplasm. This process is likely initiated by a particle form that resembles infectious subvirion particles (ISVPs), disassembly intermediates produced from virions by proteo ...
Handout
... • Monomer availability controls actin filament assembly. • Actin-nucleating factors accelerate polymerization and generate branched or straight filaments. • Actin filament-binding proteins alter filament dynamics. • Severing proteins regulate actin filament depolymerization. • Higher-order acti ...
... • Monomer availability controls actin filament assembly. • Actin-nucleating factors accelerate polymerization and generate branched or straight filaments. • Actin filament-binding proteins alter filament dynamics. • Severing proteins regulate actin filament depolymerization. • Higher-order acti ...
TRYPSIN SYNTHESIS AND STORAGE AS ZYMOGEN IN THE
... TAP. Both TAP and IP-antibodies reacted negatively when tested with bovine chymotrypsin. The SDS-PAGE of midgut gland extract showed a complex protein composition, related to both size and concentration (Fig. 2, Lane I). Western blots for the same extract displayed three bands (Mr 29.7, 30.2, and 32 ...
... TAP. Both TAP and IP-antibodies reacted negatively when tested with bovine chymotrypsin. The SDS-PAGE of midgut gland extract showed a complex protein composition, related to both size and concentration (Fig. 2, Lane I). Western blots for the same extract displayed three bands (Mr 29.7, 30.2, and 32 ...
Mutational analysis of protein phosphatase 2C involved in abscisic
... abolished PP2C activity. Surprisingly, although the DGH177– 179KLN mutant lost the ability to be a negative regulator in ABA signaling, the MED141–143IGH mutant still inhibited ABA-inducible transcription, perhaps through a dominant interfering effect. Moreover, two G to D mutations near the DGH mot ...
... abolished PP2C activity. Surprisingly, although the DGH177– 179KLN mutant lost the ability to be a negative regulator in ABA signaling, the MED141–143IGH mutant still inhibited ABA-inducible transcription, perhaps through a dominant interfering effect. Moreover, two G to D mutations near the DGH mot ...
Scientific and Standardization Committee Communication Protein S
... with a type III or a less pronounced type I phenotype. Rezende et al performed a similar study studying exclusively mutations associated with a variable phenotype (types I/III). Some defects completely abrogated protein S expression, whereas others did express, albeit at a reduced level. This sugges ...
... with a type III or a less pronounced type I phenotype. Rezende et al performed a similar study studying exclusively mutations associated with a variable phenotype (types I/III). Some defects completely abrogated protein S expression, whereas others did express, albeit at a reduced level. This sugges ...
Abstract Importance Structure of Primary Cilia A B Functional Kif3B
... subunit of Kinesin II, Kif3B. Kif3B binds to both ATP and microtubules; hydrolysis of ATP causes Kif3B to change its shape and move up the microtubules. Cilia development depends on the movement of materials into the cilia, and research indicates that if Kif3B is not functioning, cilia formation wil ...
... subunit of Kinesin II, Kif3B. Kif3B binds to both ATP and microtubules; hydrolysis of ATP causes Kif3B to change its shape and move up the microtubules. Cilia development depends on the movement of materials into the cilia, and research indicates that if Kif3B is not functioning, cilia formation wil ...
Accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and cardiomyopathy in LAMP
... alterations in LAMP-2 deficient mice clearly go beyond the pathology described so far in the human cases of Danon’s disease, in that it encompasses autophagic lesions in non-muscular tissues including neutrophilic leukocytes, hepatocytes and acinar gland cells in pancreas. In addition to the recent ...
... alterations in LAMP-2 deficient mice clearly go beyond the pathology described so far in the human cases of Danon’s disease, in that it encompasses autophagic lesions in non-muscular tissues including neutrophilic leukocytes, hepatocytes and acinar gland cells in pancreas. In addition to the recent ...
Ubiquitin-Like Protein 5 Positively Regulates Chaperone Gene
... Figure 1.—(A) Hypothesized components of a mitochondrial UPR. Physiological and developmental cues impose an unfolded protein load on the mitochondria. The resultant physiological stress activates the afferent limb of the UPRmt, increasing expression of genes encoding mitochondrial chaperones. The l ...
... Figure 1.—(A) Hypothesized components of a mitochondrial UPR. Physiological and developmental cues impose an unfolded protein load on the mitochondria. The resultant physiological stress activates the afferent limb of the UPRmt, increasing expression of genes encoding mitochondrial chaperones. The l ...
TOR SIGNALLING IN BUGS, BRAIN AND BRAWN
... Yeast cells grow and proliferate in response to ambient nutrients such as nitrogen and carbon sources. The quantity and quality of nutrient sources are detected by a diverse set of sensing and regulatory systems. In the presence of good nitrogen sources, such as ammonium or glutamine, the transcript ...
... Yeast cells grow and proliferate in response to ambient nutrients such as nitrogen and carbon sources. The quantity and quality of nutrient sources are detected by a diverse set of sensing and regulatory systems. In the presence of good nitrogen sources, such as ammonium or glutamine, the transcript ...
PAI-1 - Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange
... role in the delicate balance between blood clot formation and fibrinolysis. Elevated PAI-1 levels correlate with many diseased states such as diabetes, heart disease, and arthrosclerosis. PAI-1 functions to regulate plasminogen activation by inhibiting tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen acti ...
... role in the delicate balance between blood clot formation and fibrinolysis. Elevated PAI-1 levels correlate with many diseased states such as diabetes, heart disease, and arthrosclerosis. PAI-1 functions to regulate plasminogen activation by inhibiting tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen acti ...
Protein moonlighting
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/3EL3.png?width=300)
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.