Gene Section LMO2 (LIM domain only 2 (rhombotin-like 1))
... but could act as a bridging molecule bringing together different DNA binding factors (TAL1, LDB1, E12/E47, GATA1) that are essential for hematopoiesis (e.g. in the erythroid complex). This interaction is critical for the regulation of red blood cell development in early stages of hematopoiesis. TAL1 ...
... but could act as a bridging molecule bringing together different DNA binding factors (TAL1, LDB1, E12/E47, GATA1) that are essential for hematopoiesis (e.g. in the erythroid complex). This interaction is critical for the regulation of red blood cell development in early stages of hematopoiesis. TAL1 ...
Control of Neisseria gonorrhoeae pilin gene
... bactericidal effect of normal human serum (Taha, 1993). The cellular location of PilA and PilB, the similarities in amino acid sequence with members of the family of twocomponent regulators and the phosphorylation of PilA (Taha & Giorgini, 1995) suggest that these two proteins may be involved in the ...
... bactericidal effect of normal human serum (Taha, 1993). The cellular location of PilA and PilB, the similarities in amino acid sequence with members of the family of twocomponent regulators and the phosphorylation of PilA (Taha & Giorgini, 1995) suggest that these two proteins may be involved in the ...
Network Regulation of the Escherichia coli Maltose System
... The genes of the Escherichia coli maltose regulon are controlled by MalT, the specific transcriptional activator which, together with the inducer maltotriose and ATP, is essential for mal gene transcription. Network regulation in this system affects the function of MalT and occurs on two levels. The ...
... The genes of the Escherichia coli maltose regulon are controlled by MalT, the specific transcriptional activator which, together with the inducer maltotriose and ATP, is essential for mal gene transcription. Network regulation in this system affects the function of MalT and occurs on two levels. The ...
Activation of Heat-Shock Factor by Stretch-Activated
... Subsequent studies showed that the HSP72 gene and the “immediate early” (IE) genes, such as c-fos, c-myc, c-jun, JE, and Egr-1, were involved in the early response to mechanical stresses, followed by reexpression of fetal contractile protein genes, such as skeletal ␣-actin, -myosin heavy chain (MHC ...
... Subsequent studies showed that the HSP72 gene and the “immediate early” (IE) genes, such as c-fos, c-myc, c-jun, JE, and Egr-1, were involved in the early response to mechanical stresses, followed by reexpression of fetal contractile protein genes, such as skeletal ␣-actin, -myosin heavy chain (MHC ...
Inducible Gene Targeting in Postnatal Myocardium by Cardiac
... the mouse has yielded remarkable advances in understanding the roles played by specific gene products.1 Although insights have been gained into both embryogenesis and later gene function, inherent impediments including indirect systemic defects can complicate the use of homologous recombination in t ...
... the mouse has yielded remarkable advances in understanding the roles played by specific gene products.1 Although insights have been gained into both embryogenesis and later gene function, inherent impediments including indirect systemic defects can complicate the use of homologous recombination in t ...
The Diversity of Self-Incompatibility Systems in Flowering Plants
... genes at the S locus, the S Locus Glycoprotein (SLG) and the S Receptor (serine-threonine) Kinase (SRK) (Nasrallah et al., 1994). SLG encodes a secreted glycoprotein that accumulates within the cell wall of stigmatic papillar cells, while SRK encodes a membrane-spanning receptor kinase that localize ...
... genes at the S locus, the S Locus Glycoprotein (SLG) and the S Receptor (serine-threonine) Kinase (SRK) (Nasrallah et al., 1994). SLG encodes a secreted glycoprotein that accumulates within the cell wall of stigmatic papillar cells, while SRK encodes a membrane-spanning receptor kinase that localize ...
Calcium binding to chromaffin vesicle matrix proteins
... to A T P or the chromaffin vesicle matrix proteins. Purified chromogranin A, after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, stains with a carbocyanine dye ("Stains-all") and, following blotting onto nitrocellulose, binds to 45Ca2+. A spectrophotometric analysis of dye binding to ch ...
... to A T P or the chromaffin vesicle matrix proteins. Purified chromogranin A, after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, stains with a carbocyanine dye ("Stains-all") and, following blotting onto nitrocellulose, binds to 45Ca2+. A spectrophotometric analysis of dye binding to ch ...
Time-shift and inverse clustering of expression data finds new
... genes to their similarity in function (as determined from the MIPS scheme) or their having known protein-protein interactions (as determined from the large-scale two-hybrid experiment); we found that genes strongly related by local clustering were considerably more likely than random to have a known ...
... genes to their similarity in function (as determined from the MIPS scheme) or their having known protein-protein interactions (as determined from the large-scale two-hybrid experiment); we found that genes strongly related by local clustering were considerably more likely than random to have a known ...
unravelling the therapeutic potential of transmembrane peptides
... “truncated” TM peptides are both numerically and conformationally limited to existing helices involved in native interactions. Therefore, other strategies have been proposed to create a plethora of non‐natural TM peptides, which can differently modulate TM protein activity. D ...
... “truncated” TM peptides are both numerically and conformationally limited to existing helices involved in native interactions. Therefore, other strategies have been proposed to create a plethora of non‐natural TM peptides, which can differently modulate TM protein activity. D ...
Photopolymerized Cross-Linked Polyacrylamide Gels for On
... was evaluated in terms of separation performance indexes, as well as limiting behaviors (i.e., free solution mobility, exclusion characteristics). The photolithographically fabricated gels employed for on-chip SDS-PAGE allowed rapid (<30 s) separations of proteins in short separation lengths (4 mm) ...
... was evaluated in terms of separation performance indexes, as well as limiting behaviors (i.e., free solution mobility, exclusion characteristics). The photolithographically fabricated gels employed for on-chip SDS-PAGE allowed rapid (<30 s) separations of proteins in short separation lengths (4 mm) ...
Nitrogen Balance With Sheep on Rations Containing Urea
... which contained isotopic nitrogen to rats and recovered appreciable quantities of the isotope in amino acids isolated from tissue prote1na. The results of these isotope studies, according to Schoenhelmer, do not imply protein synthes1a but demonstrate merely the replacement of protein nitrogen by th ...
... which contained isotopic nitrogen to rats and recovered appreciable quantities of the isotope in amino acids isolated from tissue prote1na. The results of these isotope studies, according to Schoenhelmer, do not imply protein synthes1a but demonstrate merely the replacement of protein nitrogen by th ...
Energy metabolism reactions in ruminant muscle: responses to
... Summary― Energy expenditure in muscle comprises reactions related to intermediary metabolism and those of posture and activity. The metabolic reactions respond to a wide range of nutritional and hormonal stimuli and are often apparently co-ordinated; in magnitude, however, their contribution ...
... Summary― Energy expenditure in muscle comprises reactions related to intermediary metabolism and those of posture and activity. The metabolic reactions respond to a wide range of nutritional and hormonal stimuli and are often apparently co-ordinated; in magnitude, however, their contribution ...
PPT
... and statistics - to organize and understand information associated with these molecules, on a large scale ...
... and statistics - to organize and understand information associated with these molecules, on a large scale ...
Plant Cell
... The Arabidopsis genome contains At2g25625, a gene homolog to LOC_Os05g49940, whose function remains to be characterized. The public microarray database (Winter et al., 2007) indicated that although At2g25625 expression was barely detectable in young tissues, its expression was greatly induced by abi ...
... The Arabidopsis genome contains At2g25625, a gene homolog to LOC_Os05g49940, whose function remains to be characterized. The public microarray database (Winter et al., 2007) indicated that although At2g25625 expression was barely detectable in young tissues, its expression was greatly induced by abi ...
Stress-Induced Chloroplast Degradation in
... The Arabidopsis genome contains At2g25625, a gene homolog to LOC_Os05g49940, whose function remains to be characterized. The public microarray database (Winter et al., 2007) indicated that although At2g25625 expression was barely detectable in young tissues, its expression was greatly induced by abi ...
... The Arabidopsis genome contains At2g25625, a gene homolog to LOC_Os05g49940, whose function remains to be characterized. The public microarray database (Winter et al., 2007) indicated that although At2g25625 expression was barely detectable in young tissues, its expression was greatly induced by abi ...
Association of CAD, a multifunctional protein involved in pyrimidine
... anti-FLAG antibody, and the immunoprecipitated proteins were analyzed by immunoblot with the anti-CAD and anti-mLT8 antibodies. NRG (normal rabbit globulin) and NMG (normal mouse globulin) were employed as negative controls. *: a non-specific protein. (C) Association between myc-CAD and FLAG-mLST8. ...
... anti-FLAG antibody, and the immunoprecipitated proteins were analyzed by immunoblot with the anti-CAD and anti-mLT8 antibodies. NRG (normal rabbit globulin) and NMG (normal mouse globulin) were employed as negative controls. *: a non-specific protein. (C) Association between myc-CAD and FLAG-mLST8. ...
novel therapy of high-priority citrus diseases
... category, thereby allowing us to choose the chimera with the highest anti-bacterial activity. Thionin1-D4E1 chimera was the first one that we started working on three years ago. At that time, the sequence of the citrus genome was not completed, and hence complete screening of citrus Thionins was not ...
... category, thereby allowing us to choose the chimera with the highest anti-bacterial activity. Thionin1-D4E1 chimera was the first one that we started working on three years ago. At that time, the sequence of the citrus genome was not completed, and hence complete screening of citrus Thionins was not ...
Molecular and cellular basis of calpainopathy
... around domains IIa, IIb and III while a cluster of preserved regions or cold spots is apparent in the IS1 and IS2 domains. Many of these missense mutations have been modeled onto the crystal structure of CAPN3 and from this analysis it could be deduced that these mutations affect enzyme activity, pr ...
... around domains IIa, IIb and III while a cluster of preserved regions or cold spots is apparent in the IS1 and IS2 domains. Many of these missense mutations have been modeled onto the crystal structure of CAPN3 and from this analysis it could be deduced that these mutations affect enzyme activity, pr ...
Microtubule and replication vesicle associations of the potyviral
... of 4EBD remained unaffected. Together with aberrant or disrupted HIP2 interactions, the conformational changes may have triggered host defence. Several discoveries were made during the course of this thesis. It was found, for instance, that the HCpro interactions with HIP2 are determined by a struct ...
... of 4EBD remained unaffected. Together with aberrant or disrupted HIP2 interactions, the conformational changes may have triggered host defence. Several discoveries were made during the course of this thesis. It was found, for instance, that the HCpro interactions with HIP2 are determined by a struct ...
COP9 signalosome turns the key on protein degradation
... and structurally to the proteasome lid [27,29]. Fourth, the CSN may be able to interact with the proteasome directly in fungi and plants [24,55,56]. Fifth, a lid-like complex appears to detach from the proteasome in csn mutants [57]. Sixth, csn mutants accumulate elevated amounts of ubiquitinated pr ...
... and structurally to the proteasome lid [27,29]. Fourth, the CSN may be able to interact with the proteasome directly in fungi and plants [24,55,56]. Fifth, a lid-like complex appears to detach from the proteasome in csn mutants [57]. Sixth, csn mutants accumulate elevated amounts of ubiquitinated pr ...
Glycosylation and Sorting of Secretory Proteins in the Endoplasmic
... normally Sec24p-dependent reporter protein for Sec24p-independent ER exit, when the C-terminal domain was fused to the reporter protein. Since Hsp150 is a soluble protein, the sorting signal is likely to interact with a putative transmembrane adapter protein that may directly bind to COPII component ...
... normally Sec24p-dependent reporter protein for Sec24p-independent ER exit, when the C-terminal domain was fused to the reporter protein. Since Hsp150 is a soluble protein, the sorting signal is likely to interact with a putative transmembrane adapter protein that may directly bind to COPII component ...
Engineering a tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase for the site
... Choice of tRNA-Aminoacyl Synthetase System. The original strategy that was used to generate an orthogonal tRNA for our in vitro mutagenesis methodology involved the use of the yeast phenylalanyl suppressor tRNA, which was known not to be a substrate for any E. coli aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (17). On ...
... Choice of tRNA-Aminoacyl Synthetase System. The original strategy that was used to generate an orthogonal tRNA for our in vitro mutagenesis methodology involved the use of the yeast phenylalanyl suppressor tRNA, which was known not to be a substrate for any E. coli aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (17). On ...
Wnt signaling: a common theme in animal development
... found in the extracellular matrix or the cell surface (Bradley and Brown 1990; Papkoff and Schryver 1990; Burrus and McMahon 1995; Schryver et al. 1996), but efforts to solubilize this material have not been successful. Addition of suramin or heparin to cells can lead to a significant increase of Wn ...
... found in the extracellular matrix or the cell surface (Bradley and Brown 1990; Papkoff and Schryver 1990; Burrus and McMahon 1995; Schryver et al. 1996), but efforts to solubilize this material have not been successful. Addition of suramin or heparin to cells can lead to a significant increase of Wn ...
Townes-Brocks Syndrome - Humangenetik Freiburg
... impairment with or without structural abnormalities (42% of cases) [Surka et al 2001 , Botzenhart et al 2005 , Botzenhart et al 2007] Hearing. Congenital sensorineural and/or conductive hearing loss ranging from mild to severe. Hearing loss that is mild may worsen with age (65% of cases). Heart. Con ...
... impairment with or without structural abnormalities (42% of cases) [Surka et al 2001 , Botzenhart et al 2005 , Botzenhart et al 2007] Hearing. Congenital sensorineural and/or conductive hearing loss ranging from mild to severe. Hearing loss that is mild may worsen with age (65% of cases). Heart. Con ...
Galactose Metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... When glucose concentrations fall, the AMP-activated protein kinase Snf1p phosphorylates Mig1p (at serines 108, 278 and 311) (Ostling and Ronne 1998; Treitel et al. 1998), an event which causes dissociation from the Ssn6p-Tup1p complex (Papamichos-Chronakis et al. 2004) and transport out of the nucle ...
... When glucose concentrations fall, the AMP-activated protein kinase Snf1p phosphorylates Mig1p (at serines 108, 278 and 311) (Ostling and Ronne 1998; Treitel et al. 1998), an event which causes dissociation from the Ssn6p-Tup1p complex (Papamichos-Chronakis et al. 2004) and transport out of the nucle ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.