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Molecular design of the photosystem II light
... the distribution of absorbed energy between PSII and PSI (Horton and Black, 1980), phosphorylation modulating the structure of the complex, and its interaction with other photosystem proteins (Allen and Forsberg, 2001). Phosphorylation of CP29 appears to be activated under cold stress, causing a str ...
... the distribution of absorbed energy between PSII and PSI (Horton and Black, 1980), phosphorylation modulating the structure of the complex, and its interaction with other photosystem proteins (Allen and Forsberg, 2001). Phosphorylation of CP29 appears to be activated under cold stress, causing a str ...
Splicing together sister chromatids
... (a component of a NTC-related subcomplex), PRPF8 (a key coordinator of splicing catalysis associated with U5 snRNP) or MAFP1 (which associates transiently in the context of spliceosomal rearrangements previous to catalysis), are believed to have core functions in the splicing process. Their impact o ...
... (a component of a NTC-related subcomplex), PRPF8 (a key coordinator of splicing catalysis associated with U5 snRNP) or MAFP1 (which associates transiently in the context of spliceosomal rearrangements previous to catalysis), are believed to have core functions in the splicing process. Their impact o ...
Cell dynamics of folding in two
... rapidly under appropriate conditions into their native states. It is believed that rapid folders are sequences for which the folding dynamics entail the exploration of restricted conformations — the phase space can be thought of as a folding funnel. While there are many experimentally accessible pre ...
... rapidly under appropriate conditions into their native states. It is believed that rapid folders are sequences for which the folding dynamics entail the exploration of restricted conformations — the phase space can be thought of as a folding funnel. While there are many experimentally accessible pre ...
Title Non-coding functions of alternative pre-mRNA - DR-NTU
... these possibilities [10, 11] (also see Fig. 1). Recent work demonstrated that more than 90% of intron-containing pre-mRNAs in mammals might undergo AS [12-14]. What could be biological functions of this widespread regulation? One answer appears to be an effective increase in the coding capacity of t ...
... these possibilities [10, 11] (also see Fig. 1). Recent work demonstrated that more than 90% of intron-containing pre-mRNAs in mammals might undergo AS [12-14]. What could be biological functions of this widespread regulation? One answer appears to be an effective increase in the coding capacity of t ...
Personal details Current position Name: Lilah Glazer, PhD E-mail:
... documented worldwide and are a cause for concern for both human health and wildlife conservation. Over the past several years there has been increased recognition that the earlylife environment can strongly influence the trajectory of developmental pathways, and that perturbations at critical stages ...
... documented worldwide and are a cause for concern for both human health and wildlife conservation. Over the past several years there has been increased recognition that the earlylife environment can strongly influence the trajectory of developmental pathways, and that perturbations at critical stages ...
Gene Codon Composition Determines Differentiation
... for differentiation-dependent expression of L1 protein in KCs. L1 mRNA was present in similar amounts in differentiated and undifferentiated KCs transfected with authentic or codon-modified L1 genes and had a similar half-life, demonstrating that L1 protein production is posttranscriptionally regula ...
... for differentiation-dependent expression of L1 protein in KCs. L1 mRNA was present in similar amounts in differentiated and undifferentiated KCs transfected with authentic or codon-modified L1 genes and had a similar half-life, demonstrating that L1 protein production is posttranscriptionally regula ...
Regulation of Photochemical Energy Transfer Accompanied
... suggested to be closely related [22], and an increase in the unstacked grana region has been observed in light-induced state-2 chloroplasts. Also in heat-induced state 2 in wheat, it is possible that a relationship exists between the phosphorylation of thylakoid proteins and unstacking of thylakoid ...
... suggested to be closely related [22], and an increase in the unstacked grana region has been observed in light-induced state-2 chloroplasts. Also in heat-induced state 2 in wheat, it is possible that a relationship exists between the phosphorylation of thylakoid proteins and unstacking of thylakoid ...
Ribosylation of bovine serum albumin induces ROS accumulation
... Glycation alters the biological activity of proteins and degradation mechanisms. Protein cross-linking by glycation results in the formation of detergent-insoluble and protease-resistant aggregates. Therefore, the study of AGEs has become an important area of biomedical research. Although much work ...
... Glycation alters the biological activity of proteins and degradation mechanisms. Protein cross-linking by glycation results in the formation of detergent-insoluble and protease-resistant aggregates. Therefore, the study of AGEs has become an important area of biomedical research. Although much work ...
Module 8: Horizontal Gene Transfer
... 9.1. A cladogram (Figure 8.5A) is a branching diagram (tree) assumed to be an estimate of a phylogeny where the branches are of equal length. In other words the distances on the x axis are meaningless. Organisms in Figure 8.5A are in clades. For example Kytococcus and Demetria are in one clade in th ...
... 9.1. A cladogram (Figure 8.5A) is a branching diagram (tree) assumed to be an estimate of a phylogeny where the branches are of equal length. In other words the distances on the x axis are meaningless. Organisms in Figure 8.5A are in clades. For example Kytococcus and Demetria are in one clade in th ...
Characterisation of Milk Proteins in Confectionery Products
... although representing only a small percentage (3-4 %) of its total composition are considered to possess unique structural and functional properties which will influence these final quality parameters as well as affecting processing. Of particular impor tance in confectionery are organoleptic, hydra ...
... although representing only a small percentage (3-4 %) of its total composition are considered to possess unique structural and functional properties which will influence these final quality parameters as well as affecting processing. Of particular impor tance in confectionery are organoleptic, hydra ...
Pathway/Genome Navigator - Bioinformatics Research Group at SRI
... Genes are boxes on the right Proteins are circles in the middle – numbers show complexes Reactions in box on left, with E.C. number if available Allows navigation between genes, proteins, rxns Links proteins with shared reactions ...
... Genes are boxes on the right Proteins are circles in the middle – numbers show complexes Reactions in box on left, with E.C. number if available Allows navigation between genes, proteins, rxns Links proteins with shared reactions ...
You can answer the question Yourself with a few
... or fed to livestock. Today dairy companies recognize its value and have set up factories to concentrate and purify the protein. Due to the limited number of suppliers, most supplement companies acquire raw, unflavored protein powders—whey protein isolate, whey protein concentrate, whey protein ...
... or fed to livestock. Today dairy companies recognize its value and have set up factories to concentrate and purify the protein. Due to the limited number of suppliers, most supplement companies acquire raw, unflavored protein powders—whey protein isolate, whey protein concentrate, whey protein ...
Cloning and characterisation of a cysteine proteinase gene
... constructed in lZipLox vector and screened with Llacys1 gene as a probe. Two clones were isolated and sequenced, one of 1.6 kb (2A1) and another of 2.4 kb (3A4). They showed an ORF encoding cysteine proteinase (ORF 1) which is 100% identical to the ORF of Llacys1 gene, however, they differ in the si ...
... constructed in lZipLox vector and screened with Llacys1 gene as a probe. Two clones were isolated and sequenced, one of 1.6 kb (2A1) and another of 2.4 kb (3A4). They showed an ORF encoding cysteine proteinase (ORF 1) which is 100% identical to the ORF of Llacys1 gene, however, they differ in the si ...
plantcell.org
... [Ohad et al., 1999]) that are closely related to the Drosophila melanogaster Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins. In plants, as in flies, these PcG proteins aggregate into complexes (Kohler et al., 2003) that are required for the establishment of the anterior– posterior axis in the endosperm (Sørensen et ...
... [Ohad et al., 1999]) that are closely related to the Drosophila melanogaster Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins. In plants, as in flies, these PcG proteins aggregate into complexes (Kohler et al., 2003) that are required for the establishment of the anterior– posterior axis in the endosperm (Sørensen et ...
Molecular and General Genetics
... ble 2) and of PhoE protein as appeared from the analysis of cell envelope protein patterns on gels (Fig. 1, lane e) and from sensitivity to phage TC45. Introduction of the plasmid into the phoR ÷ strain BW256 neither resulted in the constitutive synthesis of alkaline phosphatase (Table 2) nor of Pho ...
... ble 2) and of PhoE protein as appeared from the analysis of cell envelope protein patterns on gels (Fig. 1, lane e) and from sensitivity to phage TC45. Introduction of the plasmid into the phoR ÷ strain BW256 neither resulted in the constitutive synthesis of alkaline phosphatase (Table 2) nor of Pho ...
Ancient origins: complement in invertebrates
... Since the identification of SpC3, C3 homologues have also been identified in the tunicates, Halocynthia roretzi (Nonaka et al., 1999), S. plicata (Raftos et al., 2002) and Ciona intestinalis (Marino et al., 2002). The C3-like proteins from H. roretzi and S. plicata have similar structures to those o ...
... Since the identification of SpC3, C3 homologues have also been identified in the tunicates, Halocynthia roretzi (Nonaka et al., 1999), S. plicata (Raftos et al., 2002) and Ciona intestinalis (Marino et al., 2002). The C3-like proteins from H. roretzi and S. plicata have similar structures to those o ...
ecify proteins via transcription and translation
... But a gene does not build a protein directly. The bridge between DNA and protein synthesis is the nucleic acid RNA. You learned in Chapter 5 that RNA is chemically similar to DNA, except that it contains ribose instead of deoxyribose as its sugar and has the nitrogenous base uracil rather than thymi ...
... But a gene does not build a protein directly. The bridge between DNA and protein synthesis is the nucleic acid RNA. You learned in Chapter 5 that RNA is chemically similar to DNA, except that it contains ribose instead of deoxyribose as its sugar and has the nitrogenous base uracil rather than thymi ...
ADP Ribosylation Factor is an Essential Protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is Encoded by Two Genes.
... conserved, possibly explaining the failure to identify ARF2 in the experiments in which ARFI was originally cloned (39). The predicted ARF2 protein is identical in length to the ARF1 protein and 96% identical in protein sequence, differing at only 7 of 181 residues (Fig. 1). Most of these seven diff ...
... conserved, possibly explaining the failure to identify ARF2 in the experiments in which ARFI was originally cloned (39). The predicted ARF2 protein is identical in length to the ARF1 protein and 96% identical in protein sequence, differing at only 7 of 181 residues (Fig. 1). Most of these seven diff ...
Functional Characterization of the 180
... studded with ribosomes. In contrast, karmellae resulting from the expression of receptor cDNA lacking the putative ribosome binding domain were uniformly smooth and free of ribosomes. Cell fractionation and biochemical analyses corroborated the morphological characterization. Taken together these da ...
... studded with ribosomes. In contrast, karmellae resulting from the expression of receptor cDNA lacking the putative ribosome binding domain were uniformly smooth and free of ribosomes. Cell fractionation and biochemical analyses corroborated the morphological characterization. Taken together these da ...
Insert Overview of Translation here 2 pages.
... In prokaryotes, this is fairly well understood. Prokaryotic mRNAs contain a ribosome binding site that is located 5' to (in front of) the start codon. This sequence is 5' AGGAGG 3'. It is called a Shine-Dalgarno sequence and it is found about 10 bases 5' to the start codon. The 16S rRNA, in turn, co ...
... In prokaryotes, this is fairly well understood. Prokaryotic mRNAs contain a ribosome binding site that is located 5' to (in front of) the start codon. This sequence is 5' AGGAGG 3'. It is called a Shine-Dalgarno sequence and it is found about 10 bases 5' to the start codon. The 16S rRNA, in turn, co ...
Genome-wide identification and analysis of the SGR
... ABSTRACT. Chlorophyll (CHL) is present in many plant organs, and its metabolism is strongly regulated throughout plant development. Understanding the fate of CHL in senescent leaves or during fruit ripening is a complex process. The stay-green (SGR) protein has been shown to affect CHL degradation. ...
... ABSTRACT. Chlorophyll (CHL) is present in many plant organs, and its metabolism is strongly regulated throughout plant development. Understanding the fate of CHL in senescent leaves or during fruit ripening is a complex process. The stay-green (SGR) protein has been shown to affect CHL degradation. ...
Isolation and Expression Pattern of Human Unc-33
... other neural cells (Fishman et al., 1990, 1991; Greenlee et al., 1993). The cultures were then fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and analyzed. They were first immunostained using the Rip monoclonal antibody and microphotographed using a 40⫻ objective (Z eiss). Processes were quantified on the photographs ...
... other neural cells (Fishman et al., 1990, 1991; Greenlee et al., 1993). The cultures were then fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and analyzed. They were first immunostained using the Rip monoclonal antibody and microphotographed using a 40⫻ objective (Z eiss). Processes were quantified on the photographs ...
Supplementary Table 1
... Multifunctional enzyme containing phosphoribosyl-ATP pyrophosphatase, phosphoribosyl-AMP cyclohydrolase, and histidinol dehydrogenase activities; catalyses the second, third, ninth and tenth steps in histidine biosynthesis ...
... Multifunctional enzyme containing phosphoribosyl-ATP pyrophosphatase, phosphoribosyl-AMP cyclohydrolase, and histidinol dehydrogenase activities; catalyses the second, third, ninth and tenth steps in histidine biosynthesis ...
Systematic Structure-Function Analysis of the Small GTPase Arf1 in Yeast.
... Previous mutagenesis studies have provided valuable information about particular residues such as those involved in nucleotide binding and N-myristoylation and crystallographic studies have identified binding sites for ArfGEF and ArfGAP (Kahn et al. 1995; Goldberg, 1998, 1999; Yahara et al., 2001). ...
... Previous mutagenesis studies have provided valuable information about particular residues such as those involved in nucleotide binding and N-myristoylation and crystallographic studies have identified binding sites for ArfGEF and ArfGAP (Kahn et al. 1995; Goldberg, 1998, 1999; Yahara et al., 2001). ...
Disruption of Zebrafish Somite Development by Pharmacologic
... been demonstrated. Studies of Hsp90 function during vertebrate embryogenesis are complicated by several factors. These include the multigene nature of the vertebrate hsp90 family, including the presence of several pseudogenes (Gupta, 1995), and the fact that Hsp90 probably plays multiple roles at di ...
... been demonstrated. Studies of Hsp90 function during vertebrate embryogenesis are complicated by several factors. These include the multigene nature of the vertebrate hsp90 family, including the presence of several pseudogenes (Gupta, 1995), and the fact that Hsp90 probably plays multiple roles at di ...
Protein moonlighting
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/3EL3.png?width=300)
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.