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Forkhead Transcription Factors: Key Players in Development and
... A winged helix fold remarkably similar to that of forkhead proteins, except for the lack of a second wing, is found in the linker histones H1 and H5 (Brennan, 1993; Cerf et al., 1994; Clark et al., 1993; Ramakrishnan et al., 1993). A series of elegant papers from Zaret and co-workers suggest that th ...
... A winged helix fold remarkably similar to that of forkhead proteins, except for the lack of a second wing, is found in the linker histones H1 and H5 (Brennan, 1993; Cerf et al., 1994; Clark et al., 1993; Ramakrishnan et al., 1993). A series of elegant papers from Zaret and co-workers suggest that th ...
Bioinformatik - Chair of Computational Biology
... For E.coli the in silico results are consistent with experimental data. FBA shows that in the E.coli metabolic network there are relatively few critical gene products in central metabolism. However, the the ability to adjust to different environments (growth conditions) may be dimished by gene delet ...
... For E.coli the in silico results are consistent with experimental data. FBA shows that in the E.coli metabolic network there are relatively few critical gene products in central metabolism. However, the the ability to adjust to different environments (growth conditions) may be dimished by gene delet ...
Homologies of process and modular elements of embryonic
... means that both immune systems use a common modular subunit in their respective constructions. The Rel pathway is also used in Drosophila segmentation and in vertebrate limb development, and these developmental events are certainly not homologous. Processes as characters Processes, or assemblies of ...
... means that both immune systems use a common modular subunit in their respective constructions. The Rel pathway is also used in Drosophila segmentation and in vertebrate limb development, and these developmental events are certainly not homologous. Processes as characters Processes, or assemblies of ...
The structure of secondary cell wall polymers: how
... polymer is peptidoglycan (PG), which is responsible for the maintenance of cell shape and osmotic stability. In addition, typical essential cell wall polymers such as teichoic or teichuronic acids are linked to some of the peptidoglycan chains. In this review these compounds are considered as ‘class ...
... polymer is peptidoglycan (PG), which is responsible for the maintenance of cell shape and osmotic stability. In addition, typical essential cell wall polymers such as teichoic or teichuronic acids are linked to some of the peptidoglycan chains. In this review these compounds are considered as ‘class ...
HIS-Select Nickel Affinity Gel (P6611) - Technical - Sigma
... The HIS-Select Nickel Affinity Gel is stored in 30% ethanol. The ethanol must be removed just prior to use. Thoroughly resuspend the affinity gel with gentle inversion and remove an appropriate aliquot for use. Take only the amount of affinity gel that is necessary for the purification to be done. T ...
... The HIS-Select Nickel Affinity Gel is stored in 30% ethanol. The ethanol must be removed just prior to use. Thoroughly resuspend the affinity gel with gentle inversion and remove an appropriate aliquot for use. Take only the amount of affinity gel that is necessary for the purification to be done. T ...
The dynamics of plant plasma membrane proteins
... MEMBRANE INTRINSIC PROTEIN 2 (PIP2) water channel, have shed light on the trafficking mechanisms used in plants. In this Review, we provide an overview of the mechanistic basis of plant plasma membrane protein dynamics and highlight how studies of PINs have contributed to our understanding of vesicu ...
... MEMBRANE INTRINSIC PROTEIN 2 (PIP2) water channel, have shed light on the trafficking mechanisms used in plants. In this Review, we provide an overview of the mechanistic basis of plant plasma membrane protein dynamics and highlight how studies of PINs have contributed to our understanding of vesicu ...
The unfolded protein response: controlling cell fate
... over time in cells undergoing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Early UPR responses attenuate protein synthesis at the ER by inhibiting translation (which is dependent on the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)-mediated phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiator factor 2α (eIF2α)), ac ...
... over time in cells undergoing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Early UPR responses attenuate protein synthesis at the ER by inhibiting translation (which is dependent on the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)-mediated phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiator factor 2α (eIF2α)), ac ...
Gibberellin Signaling: Biosynthesis, Catabolism, and
... Studies of the regulation of GA concentration have been hindered by the low abundance of GAs, which necessitates the use of large samples and often precludes the analysis of single organs or portions of organs. Another way to gain insight into the regulation of GA concentrations is to examine the ex ...
... Studies of the regulation of GA concentration have been hindered by the low abundance of GAs, which necessitates the use of large samples and often precludes the analysis of single organs or portions of organs. Another way to gain insight into the regulation of GA concentrations is to examine the ex ...
Why Compare sequences?
... all, the signal-to-noise ratio is greatly improved for the specific purpose of identifying protein relatives. It is accepted that convergence phenomena in aa sequences are very rare and thus aa similarity almost always means homology. Furthermore, aa sequences may still show a similarity derived fro ...
... all, the signal-to-noise ratio is greatly improved for the specific purpose of identifying protein relatives. It is accepted that convergence phenomena in aa sequences are very rare and thus aa similarity almost always means homology. Furthermore, aa sequences may still show a similarity derived fro ...
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
... their housekeeping genes and hopZ1b gene (Ma et al. 2006; Sarkar and Guttman 2004). In addition, the P. syringae pv. glycinea strains all grow to a similar level in soybean (data not shown). We generated a rifampicin resistance strain of PgyBR1 in order to track bacterial multiplication in planta. T ...
... their housekeeping genes and hopZ1b gene (Ma et al. 2006; Sarkar and Guttman 2004). In addition, the P. syringae pv. glycinea strains all grow to a similar level in soybean (data not shown). We generated a rifampicin resistance strain of PgyBR1 in order to track bacterial multiplication in planta. T ...
Supplementary information for Ronshaugen, McGinnis
... determined for the wild type A1 segments. Identically treated embryos were then stained with a rat monoclonal anti-HA antibody and the mean luminosity with this antibody in the T2 segment was determined. All other transgenic lines were similarly assayed using the anti-HA antibody. These were selecte ...
... determined for the wild type A1 segments. Identically treated embryos were then stained with a rat monoclonal anti-HA antibody and the mean luminosity with this antibody in the T2 segment was determined. All other transgenic lines were similarly assayed using the anti-HA antibody. These were selecte ...
Systematic comparison of single-chain Fv antibody
... toxicity toward the host ribosomes. Toxin expression can be rapidly achieved in bacteria and tightly regulated by employing specific E. coli strains, to obtain satisfactory yields [21,22], but in some cases the protein may accumulate inside the cell as an insoluble fraction from which fully active R ...
... toxicity toward the host ribosomes. Toxin expression can be rapidly achieved in bacteria and tightly regulated by employing specific E. coli strains, to obtain satisfactory yields [21,22], but in some cases the protein may accumulate inside the cell as an insoluble fraction from which fully active R ...
Leukaemia Section Anaplasic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... various partners (see below); ALK+ ALCL cases are sometimes called ALK lymphomas, or ALKomas. ALK+ ALCL can be further divided into t(2;5) cases, with NPM1-ALK fusion protein which localises both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, and t(2;Var), involving various partners and ALK, and a cytoplasmic ...
... various partners (see below); ALK+ ALCL cases are sometimes called ALK lymphomas, or ALKomas. ALK+ ALCL can be further divided into t(2;5) cases, with NPM1-ALK fusion protein which localises both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, and t(2;Var), involving various partners and ALK, and a cytoplasmic ...
Document
... As one moves upwards in a tree, the associations (based on annotations) from the children terms are accumulated by the parent terms based on their relationship. Thus you see two types of associations Direct associations: which are exact finer level association to a ontology term. e.g. Amy genes are ...
... As one moves upwards in a tree, the associations (based on annotations) from the children terms are accumulated by the parent terms based on their relationship. Thus you see two types of associations Direct associations: which are exact finer level association to a ontology term. e.g. Amy genes are ...
Holding it all together? Candidate proteins for the plant Golgi matrix
... In the mammalian Golgi apparatus, the first indication that cisternal adhesion is dependent on proteinaceous substances came from in vitro studies of stacks from rat liver cells. Golgi stacks disintegrated into individual cisternae after treatment with proteinase K, chymotrypsin, subtilisin or elast ...
... In the mammalian Golgi apparatus, the first indication that cisternal adhesion is dependent on proteinaceous substances came from in vitro studies of stacks from rat liver cells. Golgi stacks disintegrated into individual cisternae after treatment with proteinase K, chymotrypsin, subtilisin or elast ...
Cell-surface location of Listeria-specific protein p60
... on nitrocellulose membranes using anti-rabbit IgG-peroxidase conjugate. Extracellular proteins corresponding to 1 mg dry cells were applied in (a) and (b). ...
... on nitrocellulose membranes using anti-rabbit IgG-peroxidase conjugate. Extracellular proteins corresponding to 1 mg dry cells were applied in (a) and (b). ...
Widespread Macromolecular Interaction Perturbations in Human
... that exhibit increased binding to QCFs, we assessed the impact of different disease mutations on predicted protein structures. The disease alleles associated with increased binding to QCFs corresponded significantly more often to mutations of residues buried in the core of the protein (Figure 3B and ...
... that exhibit increased binding to QCFs, we assessed the impact of different disease mutations on predicted protein structures. The disease alleles associated with increased binding to QCFs corresponded significantly more often to mutations of residues buried in the core of the protein (Figure 3B and ...
biochemistry biochemistry laboratory experiments che 4350
... bacterial source, then use the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a DNA region of interest to ascertain the nature of the DNA we purified. Finally, we will perform in silico studies of DNA cloning and design primers and choose restriction enzymes for incorporation of a human protein into a b ...
... bacterial source, then use the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a DNA region of interest to ascertain the nature of the DNA we purified. Finally, we will perform in silico studies of DNA cloning and design primers and choose restriction enzymes for incorporation of a human protein into a b ...
Nucleic Acid AptamerssFrom Selection in Vitro to Applications in Vivo
... The two aptamers differ by only three mutations, yet each exhibits very high specificity for its cognate ligand. The three-dimensional fold defined by chemical probing analysis and NMR spectroscopy showed how the three mutations within the amino acid binding site of these RNAs determine which of the ...
... The two aptamers differ by only three mutations, yet each exhibits very high specificity for its cognate ligand. The three-dimensional fold defined by chemical probing analysis and NMR spectroscopy showed how the three mutations within the amino acid binding site of these RNAs determine which of the ...
Lecture Notes for Methods in Cell Biology
... 2) analysis and isolation of proteins and immunological procedures, and 3) analysis of nucleic acids and recombinant DNA. The first section will cover some basic biochemical procedures and equipment. Understanding these basic biochemical principals will assist in the subsequent discussions on protei ...
... 2) analysis and isolation of proteins and immunological procedures, and 3) analysis of nucleic acids and recombinant DNA. The first section will cover some basic biochemical procedures and equipment. Understanding these basic biochemical principals will assist in the subsequent discussions on protei ...
Sequencing Grade Modified Trypsin, Frozen, Product Information
... Description: Trypsin specifically hydrolyzes peptide bonds at the carboxyl side of lysine and arginine residues. Unmodified trypsin is subject to auto-proteolysis, generating fragments that can interfere with protein sequencing or HPLC peptide analysis. In addition, auto-proteolysis can result in th ...
... Description: Trypsin specifically hydrolyzes peptide bonds at the carboxyl side of lysine and arginine residues. Unmodified trypsin is subject to auto-proteolysis, generating fragments that can interfere with protein sequencing or HPLC peptide analysis. In addition, auto-proteolysis can result in th ...
Molecular Characterization of Calymmin, a Novel Notochord Sheath
... amino acids, with a molecular mass of 122 kDa and a pI of 10.50. A noteworthy feature of the primary sequence is its elevated content in glycine residues (20.2%). The first 20 amino acids in the sequence fulfill the criteria for a signal peptide, indicating that this protein may be synthesized in th ...
... amino acids, with a molecular mass of 122 kDa and a pI of 10.50. A noteworthy feature of the primary sequence is its elevated content in glycine residues (20.2%). The first 20 amino acids in the sequence fulfill the criteria for a signal peptide, indicating that this protein may be synthesized in th ...
CEP290 alleles in mice disrupt tissue-specific cilia
... scrutiny since its discovery as the causal gene for Joubert syndrome in humans (35,36) and congenital blindness in rd16 mice (37). Mutations in CEP290 are now shown to be a frequent cause of LCA (38) and diverse syndromic ciliopathies (39). As CEP290 mutations cause BBS and a range of other syndromi ...
... scrutiny since its discovery as the causal gene for Joubert syndrome in humans (35,36) and congenital blindness in rd16 mice (37). Mutations in CEP290 are now shown to be a frequent cause of LCA (38) and diverse syndromic ciliopathies (39). As CEP290 mutations cause BBS and a range of other syndromi ...
Microsoft Word (manuscript)
... complex and described it in detail, showing that for association of DPM1 with DPM2 24 Cterminal amino acids of DPM1and Phe 21 and Tyr 23 from DPM2 were important. Furthermore, DPM3 alone was able to stabilize DPM1 and DPM synthase had an enzymatic activity without the DPM2 subunit, however, the act ...
... complex and described it in detail, showing that for association of DPM1 with DPM2 24 Cterminal amino acids of DPM1and Phe 21 and Tyr 23 from DPM2 were important. Furthermore, DPM3 alone was able to stabilize DPM1 and DPM synthase had an enzymatic activity without the DPM2 subunit, however, the act ...
Protein moonlighting
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/3EL3.png?width=300)
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.