Biogenesis and significance of lipofuscin in the equine thyroid gland
... histochemistry. They increase in number with age in post-mitotic cells, and are regarded as markers of the aging process. Lipofuscin is widely assumed to consist of products of peroxidised fatty acids cross-linked with amino groups of proteins, nucleic acids, and phospholipids, but this theory has n ...
... histochemistry. They increase in number with age in post-mitotic cells, and are regarded as markers of the aging process. Lipofuscin is widely assumed to consist of products of peroxidised fatty acids cross-linked with amino groups of proteins, nucleic acids, and phospholipids, but this theory has n ...
Acyl-ACP thioesterases from Camelina sativa: Cloning
... reduction in unsaturated fatty acids, mainly oleic acid (18:1ω9). This reduction was compensated for by an increase of palmitoleic acid (16:1ω7). However, the expression of CsFatB caused the opposite effect, a decrease in saturated fatty acids and in particular, that of palmitic acid (16:0) that is ...
... reduction in unsaturated fatty acids, mainly oleic acid (18:1ω9). This reduction was compensated for by an increase of palmitoleic acid (16:1ω7). However, the expression of CsFatB caused the opposite effect, a decrease in saturated fatty acids and in particular, that of palmitic acid (16:0) that is ...
Androgenic control of nucleic acid and protein synthesis in male
... these tissues (Huggins, ’47; Nyden and Williams-Ashman, ’52; Wicks and Villee, ’64). Within a few days after excision of the testes, a decline occurs in the level of certain respiratory enzymes and in the mitochondria1 population density (Edelman, Brendler, Zorgniotti, and Edelman, ’63; Price and Wi ...
... these tissues (Huggins, ’47; Nyden and Williams-Ashman, ’52; Wicks and Villee, ’64). Within a few days after excision of the testes, a decline occurs in the level of certain respiratory enzymes and in the mitochondria1 population density (Edelman, Brendler, Zorgniotti, and Edelman, ’63; Price and Wi ...
Protein degradation in mitochondria
... suggests a direct role of Lon-like proteases in the mtDNA metabolism.35, 36 Moreover, PIM1 protease controls the expression of two mitochondrial mosaic genes, COX1 and COB, which encode the essential respiratory chain subunits Cox1p (subunit 1 of cytochrome c oxidase) and Cob (cytochrome b of the cy ...
... suggests a direct role of Lon-like proteases in the mtDNA metabolism.35, 36 Moreover, PIM1 protease controls the expression of two mitochondrial mosaic genes, COX1 and COB, which encode the essential respiratory chain subunits Cox1p (subunit 1 of cytochrome c oxidase) and Cob (cytochrome b of the cy ...
Isolation and identification of molecular partners of the proteins
... uncontrolled growth and metastasis of cancerous cells (Bilder et al., 2000). An example is the development of colon cancer displayed in Figure 1. The gene products encoded by tumor suppressor genes fall into different categories including cell surface receptors such as Patched, cell adhesion molecul ...
... uncontrolled growth and metastasis of cancerous cells (Bilder et al., 2000). An example is the development of colon cancer displayed in Figure 1. The gene products encoded by tumor suppressor genes fall into different categories including cell surface receptors such as Patched, cell adhesion molecul ...
A versatile toolbox for PCR-based tagging of yeast genes: new
... well as all other commonly used fluorescent proteins and tags used for the detection and purification of proteins and protein complexes. Using the provided cassettes for N- and C-terminal gene tagging or for deletion of any given gene, a set of only four primers is required, which makes this method ...
... well as all other commonly used fluorescent proteins and tags used for the detection and purification of proteins and protein complexes. Using the provided cassettes for N- and C-terminal gene tagging or for deletion of any given gene, a set of only four primers is required, which makes this method ...
Syringolin, a Novel Peptide Elicitor from Pseudomonas syringae pv
... al. 1995), does not produce detectable amounts of it. At present it is unknown why the SM strain does not produce syringolin. Possible causes may be the lack of functional genes encoding the necessary biosynthetic enzymes, or, alternatively, the absence of signals, both in vitro and after infiltrati ...
... al. 1995), does not produce detectable amounts of it. At present it is unknown why the SM strain does not produce syringolin. Possible causes may be the lack of functional genes encoding the necessary biosynthetic enzymes, or, alternatively, the absence of signals, both in vitro and after infiltrati ...
Use of Recombinant Mucin Glycoprotein to Assess the
... cells [3]. Cross talk between bacteria and host cells can result in increased secretion of mucins [4,5] altered transcription of genes encoding for mucin [4,5] or alteration in glycosylation of mucins [5,6]. Studies have also shown that bacterial gene expression can be altered upon exposure to mucin ...
... cells [3]. Cross talk between bacteria and host cells can result in increased secretion of mucins [4,5] altered transcription of genes encoding for mucin [4,5] or alteration in glycosylation of mucins [5,6]. Studies have also shown that bacterial gene expression can be altered upon exposure to mucin ...
Novel Inhibitory Action of Tunicamycin Homologues Suggests a
... Elucidation of biological roles for palmitoylation in growth cone functions, or in other cellular processes, has been hindered by the lack of an inhibitor that would permit direct experimental manipulation of this modification in intact cells. The nucleoside antibiotic tunicamycin (TM) * (see Fig. 1 ...
... Elucidation of biological roles for palmitoylation in growth cone functions, or in other cellular processes, has been hindered by the lack of an inhibitor that would permit direct experimental manipulation of this modification in intact cells. The nucleoside antibiotic tunicamycin (TM) * (see Fig. 1 ...
Redox regulation of cysteine
... between superoxide and NO (Pacher et al., 2007). Catalase and peroxidases are enzymes that remove H2O2. Hydrogen peroxide is a product of various oxidases, such as those found in peroxisomes or in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the dismutation of superoxide. Removal of H2O2 is important because pero ...
... between superoxide and NO (Pacher et al., 2007). Catalase and peroxidases are enzymes that remove H2O2. Hydrogen peroxide is a product of various oxidases, such as those found in peroxisomes or in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the dismutation of superoxide. Removal of H2O2 is important because pero ...
Light affects motility and infectivity of Agrobacterium tumefaciens
... expression of flagella genes in A. tumefaciens. As a result, bacteria grown in the dark are more motile, adhere better to plants and are more virulent. The effect of light on expression of flagella genes was determined by three parameters: (i) increase in the concentration of the flagella proteins F ...
... expression of flagella genes in A. tumefaciens. As a result, bacteria grown in the dark are more motile, adhere better to plants and are more virulent. The effect of light on expression of flagella genes was determined by three parameters: (i) increase in the concentration of the flagella proteins F ...
The function of genomes in bioenergetic organelles
... Table 1. Retention of cyanobacterial genes in chloroplast DNA. (Protein-coding genes are sorted into the functional categories assigned by Kaneko et al. (1996a,b). The genes are named, and their distribution recorded in 16 completely sequenced chloroplast genomes to date, in Martin et al. (2002), fr ...
... Table 1. Retention of cyanobacterial genes in chloroplast DNA. (Protein-coding genes are sorted into the functional categories assigned by Kaneko et al. (1996a,b). The genes are named, and their distribution recorded in 16 completely sequenced chloroplast genomes to date, in Martin et al. (2002), fr ...
Regulatory Roles for Long ncRNA and mRNA
... RNA. Only, their lack of protein coding ability and conservation is differentiating lncRNAs from mRNAs [26,32]. These are therefore the main criteria from telling both types of transcripts apart. Protein-coding ability—Proof of protein-coding ability can be obtained from experiments such as Western ...
... RNA. Only, their lack of protein coding ability and conservation is differentiating lncRNAs from mRNAs [26,32]. These are therefore the main criteria from telling both types of transcripts apart. Protein-coding ability—Proof of protein-coding ability can be obtained from experiments such as Western ...
Functions of the cytoplasmic domain of the βPS
... of modifications of the wild-type P[mys +] transposon, which encode βPS derivatives with mutations within the small and highly conserved cytoplasmic domain. In vivo analysis of these mutant transposons led to the following conclusions. ...
... of modifications of the wild-type P[mys +] transposon, which encode βPS derivatives with mutations within the small and highly conserved cytoplasmic domain. In vivo analysis of these mutant transposons led to the following conclusions. ...
A Survey of Flexible Protein Binding Mechanisms and their
... Such understanding may lead to the ability to design partners that form more stable complexes, which can then act as “network” drugs. Understanding interactions will also help us to find ways of inhibiting pathogenic association processes such as irreversible aggregation. Biomolecular recognition pr ...
... Such understanding may lead to the ability to design partners that form more stable complexes, which can then act as “network” drugs. Understanding interactions will also help us to find ways of inhibiting pathogenic association processes such as irreversible aggregation. Biomolecular recognition pr ...
Identification of Hedgehog Pathway Components by RNAi in
... Smo, Fu, and Ci inhibited response to the Hh signal (Fig. 1B), and targeting of the negative regulatory components Cos2 and Ptc resulted either in basal activation or enhanced responsiveness to Hh (10, 11). Consistent effects on the protein levels of several pathway components, including Smo and Ptc ...
... Smo, Fu, and Ci inhibited response to the Hh signal (Fig. 1B), and targeting of the negative regulatory components Cos2 and Ptc resulted either in basal activation or enhanced responsiveness to Hh (10, 11). Consistent effects on the protein levels of several pathway components, including Smo and Ptc ...
as a PDF
... revealed that this A. nidulans kinase does not play a role in carbon metabolism but in septation. Therefore, we are going to describe in this work the detailed analysis of the gene without further discussing a role in metabolism. We named this new kinase KfsA (= kinase for septation). The genomic se ...
... revealed that this A. nidulans kinase does not play a role in carbon metabolism but in septation. Therefore, we are going to describe in this work the detailed analysis of the gene without further discussing a role in metabolism. We named this new kinase KfsA (= kinase for septation). The genomic se ...
Cross-linking in the Living Cell Locates the Site of Action of
... Cross-linking Experiments—S. aureus cultures were grown overnight with shaking in Mueller Hinton broth (Difco) at 37 °C. Cells were diluted 1:100 and grown for 3– 4 h at 37 °C. When the optical density reached an A600 of ⬃0.6, 1–1.4 ml of the resulting culture were centrifuged at 2000 ⫻ g for 2 min. ...
... Cross-linking Experiments—S. aureus cultures were grown overnight with shaking in Mueller Hinton broth (Difco) at 37 °C. Cells were diluted 1:100 and grown for 3– 4 h at 37 °C. When the optical density reached an A600 of ⬃0.6, 1–1.4 ml of the resulting culture were centrifuged at 2000 ⫻ g for 2 min. ...
A chimaeric glutamyl:glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase: implications for
... ancestor consisted of only the class-defining catalytic domain. After eubacteria and archaea/eukaryotes split, the two lineages independently acquired two structurally distinct anti-codon binding domains: (1) the bacterial kingdom acquired the helicalcage anti-codon binding domains found in extant e ...
... ancestor consisted of only the class-defining catalytic domain. After eubacteria and archaea/eukaryotes split, the two lineages independently acquired two structurally distinct anti-codon binding domains: (1) the bacterial kingdom acquired the helicalcage anti-codon binding domains found in extant e ...
ECM Proteins_Dr. Jawad Hassan
... • They are secreted by connective tissue cells, as well as by a variety of other cell types • They are the most abundant proteins in mammals, constituting 25% of the total protein mass in these animals ...
... • They are secreted by connective tissue cells, as well as by a variety of other cell types • They are the most abundant proteins in mammals, constituting 25% of the total protein mass in these animals ...
Are viruses a source of new protein folds for organisms? Virosphere
... knowledge in the general field of molecular biology, as illustrated in a recent review by Enquist [24]. Since the estimated number of viral particles exceeds the number of cells by an order of magnitude, given the infectious nature of viruses, organisms are subject to a continuous ‘flowthrough’ of v ...
... knowledge in the general field of molecular biology, as illustrated in a recent review by Enquist [24]. Since the estimated number of viral particles exceeds the number of cells by an order of magnitude, given the infectious nature of viruses, organisms are subject to a continuous ‘flowthrough’ of v ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
... lived on the moon man would not have needed to have these attributes and we could exist in a more compact evolutionary form. The structural materials in tissues have evolved based on the required mechanical demands on cells and tissues. In humans, the primary structural material is fibrous collagen. ...
... lived on the moon man would not have needed to have these attributes and we could exist in a more compact evolutionary form. The structural materials in tissues have evolved based on the required mechanical demands on cells and tissues. In humans, the primary structural material is fibrous collagen. ...
Uncoupling insulin signalling by serine/threonine phosphorylation: a
... target cells fail to respond to ordinary levels of circulating insulin [25]. Individuals with insulin resistance are predisposed to developing Type II diabetes, a 21st century epidemic. Insulin resistance is frequently associated with a number of other health disorders, including obesity, hypertensi ...
... target cells fail to respond to ordinary levels of circulating insulin [25]. Individuals with insulin resistance are predisposed to developing Type II diabetes, a 21st century epidemic. Insulin resistance is frequently associated with a number of other health disorders, including obesity, hypertensi ...
Direct Tissue Analysis by Matrix
... delay between passes provides sufficient drying time. Multiple passes are necessary to coat the entire tissue, but overcoating can suppress analyte signal. The matrix coverage can be monitored as necessary under a microscope. ...
... delay between passes provides sufficient drying time. Multiple passes are necessary to coat the entire tissue, but overcoating can suppress analyte signal. The matrix coverage can be monitored as necessary under a microscope. ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.