Light-dependent Dl Protein Synthesis and Translocation Is
... in the interphase between the unappressed and appressed membrane domains.The Precursor of the Dl Protein Is Integrated in XII-Having identified pD1 in the unappressed domains of C. reinhardtii thylakoids, we addressed the question of whether pD1 is inserted as a free polypeptide in the membrane or b ...
... in the interphase between the unappressed and appressed membrane domains.The Precursor of the Dl Protein Is Integrated in XII-Having identified pD1 in the unappressed domains of C. reinhardtii thylakoids, we addressed the question of whether pD1 is inserted as a free polypeptide in the membrane or b ...
Tyrosine phosphorylation of the BRI1 receptor kinase occurs via a
... examined the mechanism of BRI1 autophosphorylation in order to understand two aspects in particular: (1) the activating role of the juxtamembrane domain; and (2) the paradox of tyrosine autophosphorylation. With respect to the juxtamembrane domain, we showed in a previous study (Oh et al., 2009) tha ...
... examined the mechanism of BRI1 autophosphorylation in order to understand two aspects in particular: (1) the activating role of the juxtamembrane domain; and (2) the paradox of tyrosine autophosphorylation. With respect to the juxtamembrane domain, we showed in a previous study (Oh et al., 2009) tha ...
The dystrophin / utrophin homologues in Drosophila and in sea urchin
... which are extremely large. The product of the gene in muscle, dystrophin, is a 427 kDa protein. The same gene encodes at least two additional non-muscle full length dystrophin isoforms transcribed from different promoters located in the 5 0 -end region of the gene, and four smaller proteins transcri ...
... which are extremely large. The product of the gene in muscle, dystrophin, is a 427 kDa protein. The same gene encodes at least two additional non-muscle full length dystrophin isoforms transcribed from different promoters located in the 5 0 -end region of the gene, and four smaller proteins transcri ...
Week 3. Gel electrophoresis and Bioinformatics
... laboratory by following the instructions provided. When you are finished with the laboratory, upload your completed handout to the course management system. Task 1: Prepare the samples The PCR reactions from last week have a total volume of 25 L. Pipette 10 L of this reaction into a clean 500 L t ...
... laboratory by following the instructions provided. When you are finished with the laboratory, upload your completed handout to the course management system. Task 1: Prepare the samples The PCR reactions from last week have a total volume of 25 L. Pipette 10 L of this reaction into a clean 500 L t ...
Technique ChIC and ChEC: Genomic Mapping of Chromatin Proteins
... the final fraction of crude nuclei (lanes 3 and 7) in mycexpressing cells. Note that some Gbd-myc13, but not Sir3-myc13, is lost into the first supernatant-wash (S) following step 3 (lanes 2 and 6). This loss is thought to be due to dissociation of loosely bound Gbd-myc13 that is strongly overexpres ...
... the final fraction of crude nuclei (lanes 3 and 7) in mycexpressing cells. Note that some Gbd-myc13, but not Sir3-myc13, is lost into the first supernatant-wash (S) following step 3 (lanes 2 and 6). This loss is thought to be due to dissociation of loosely bound Gbd-myc13 that is strongly overexpres ...
Characterization of Tocopherol Cyclases from
... direct evidence is lacking, tocopherols are thought to play similar roles in protecting the polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich plastid membrane from lipid peroxidation. Recent studies in mammalian systems have demonstrated additional biological activities of tocopherols that are independent of their an ...
... direct evidence is lacking, tocopherols are thought to play similar roles in protecting the polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich plastid membrane from lipid peroxidation. Recent studies in mammalian systems have demonstrated additional biological activities of tocopherols that are independent of their an ...
Induced point mutations in the phytoene synthase 1 gene cause
... stage; however, they increased as ripening progressed, reaching final levels two times lower than control fruit at ripe stage. Similarly, b-carotene accumulated in the mutant fruit at a lesser rate than in controls. Mutant ripe fruit (Breaker ? 7) contained approximately 50% of the b-carotene levels ...
... stage; however, they increased as ripening progressed, reaching final levels two times lower than control fruit at ripe stage. Similarly, b-carotene accumulated in the mutant fruit at a lesser rate than in controls. Mutant ripe fruit (Breaker ? 7) contained approximately 50% of the b-carotene levels ...
161021 NGF revised Manuscript with figs
... identification of residues which have significantly increased protection in the IgG dimer to Gly50- ...
... identification of residues which have significantly increased protection in the IgG dimer to Gly50- ...
Post-transcriptional control of gene expression: a genome
... most transcripts, usually occurs by changes in the phosphorylation state of translation initiation factors and by adjusting the number of available ribosomes. Transcript-specific regulation, by contrast, modulates the translation of a distinct group of mRNAs and is mediated by a large diversity of m ...
... most transcripts, usually occurs by changes in the phosphorylation state of translation initiation factors and by adjusting the number of available ribosomes. Transcript-specific regulation, by contrast, modulates the translation of a distinct group of mRNAs and is mediated by a large diversity of m ...
The human uncoupling protein-3 gene promoter muscle cells
... ⫺71 and ⫺59. It consists of a DR1-like motif containing an AGGTCA sequence separated by one base pair from another imperfect half site. This DR1 element was required for RA responsiveness and it bound a nuclear protein complex from L6E9 muscle cells that contains RAR and RXR. We have observed that t ...
... ⫺71 and ⫺59. It consists of a DR1-like motif containing an AGGTCA sequence separated by one base pair from another imperfect half site. This DR1 element was required for RA responsiveness and it bound a nuclear protein complex from L6E9 muscle cells that contains RAR and RXR. We have observed that t ...
Evolution of antifreeze glycoprotein gene from a trypsinogen gene in
... sizes besides the eight originally described have been subsequently identified (12, 13). Collectively they are maintained at very high circulatory levels of 30–35 mgyml (6, 10). Notothenioid AFGPs are encoded by large gene families in which each member gene encodes a large polyprotein precursor cont ...
... sizes besides the eight originally described have been subsequently identified (12, 13). Collectively they are maintained at very high circulatory levels of 30–35 mgyml (6, 10). Notothenioid AFGPs are encoded by large gene families in which each member gene encodes a large polyprotein precursor cont ...
Disulfide formation in plant storage vacuoles permits assembly
... compost and vermiculite under greenhouse conditions at 15°C with a 16 hour light / 8 hour dark cycle. Prior to planting, seeds were imbibed in running water overnight. The development of Ricinus communis seeds is divided into seven stages (A to G) based on size, testa formation and state of hydratio ...
... compost and vermiculite under greenhouse conditions at 15°C with a 16 hour light / 8 hour dark cycle. Prior to planting, seeds were imbibed in running water overnight. The development of Ricinus communis seeds is divided into seven stages (A to G) based on size, testa formation and state of hydratio ...
Biological Mechanisms of Noise in Gene Expression
... single cell but vary from one cell to another. To explain the relationship between the noise and the size of a cell, Kœrn et al,. took the example of a protein that can freely move from the cytoplasm to the nucleus [5]. At equilibrium, both the cytoplasm and the nucleus concentrations are equal but ...
... single cell but vary from one cell to another. To explain the relationship between the noise and the size of a cell, Kœrn et al,. took the example of a protein that can freely move from the cytoplasm to the nucleus [5]. At equilibrium, both the cytoplasm and the nucleus concentrations are equal but ...
emboj200925-sup
... of a xylose-inducible promoter at the amyE locus. The native gene ltaS or yqgS respectively was deleted to generate strains 4607 and 4609 with the fusion protein as the only copy when inducing expression. ...
... of a xylose-inducible promoter at the amyE locus. The native gene ltaS or yqgS respectively was deleted to generate strains 4607 and 4609 with the fusion protein as the only copy when inducing expression. ...
Molecular Microbiology
... virulence function of HopZ1b on soybean is redundant with other T3SE(s) in PgyBR1 under our experimental conditions. Nevertheless, the ability to promote non-host bacterial growth and the ubiquitous distribution in Pgy strains strongly suggests that HopZ1b plays a role in facilitating bacterial infe ...
... virulence function of HopZ1b on soybean is redundant with other T3SE(s) in PgyBR1 under our experimental conditions. Nevertheless, the ability to promote non-host bacterial growth and the ubiquitous distribution in Pgy strains strongly suggests that HopZ1b plays a role in facilitating bacterial infe ...
PDF
... GADD34 (PPP1R15a) and CReP (PPP1R15b), which share the ability to associate with the catalytic phosphatase PPP1 subunit and repress eIF2␣ phosphorylation when overexpressed, have less than 22% overall identity at the amino acid level. This study proves that despite their relatively weak homology, bo ...
... GADD34 (PPP1R15a) and CReP (PPP1R15b), which share the ability to associate with the catalytic phosphatase PPP1 subunit and repress eIF2␣ phosphorylation when overexpressed, have less than 22% overall identity at the amino acid level. This study proves that despite their relatively weak homology, bo ...
Protein secretion and surface display in Gram
... of precursors that have been translocated across the plasma membrane into the extracellular milieu. A simple argument in favour of protein transport channels across peptidoglycan is the finding that boiling staphylococci in hot SDS does not release membrane or lipoproteins from the murein sacculus [ ...
... of precursors that have been translocated across the plasma membrane into the extracellular milieu. A simple argument in favour of protein transport channels across peptidoglycan is the finding that boiling staphylococci in hot SDS does not release membrane or lipoproteins from the murein sacculus [ ...
Brooker Chapter 4
... inheritance of genes on that are unique to a sex chromosomes pseudoautosomal genes – genes on both sex chromosomes appear to be on autosomes An allele is expressed differently in each sex. Behaving dominantly in one sex and recessively in the other ...
... inheritance of genes on that are unique to a sex chromosomes pseudoautosomal genes – genes on both sex chromosomes appear to be on autosomes An allele is expressed differently in each sex. Behaving dominantly in one sex and recessively in the other ...
Leukaemia Section t(2;3)(p16;q26) BCL11A/MECOM Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
... corepressors, and other sequence specific transcription factors. MECOM ("MDS1-EVI1") also contains a PR domain from "MDS1" in N-term ...
... corepressors, and other sequence specific transcription factors. MECOM ("MDS1-EVI1") also contains a PR domain from "MDS1" in N-term ...
Differential localization of LTA synthesis proteins and their
... self-interaction was detected and DltD was found to interact with the core LTA synthesis proteins (Fig. 1A and B). LTA depletion in S. aureus results in aberrant positioning of the septa, cell enlargement and eventual cell lysis, indicating a role for this polymer in both cell growth and cell divisi ...
... self-interaction was detected and DltD was found to interact with the core LTA synthesis proteins (Fig. 1A and B). LTA depletion in S. aureus results in aberrant positioning of the septa, cell enlargement and eventual cell lysis, indicating a role for this polymer in both cell growth and cell divisi ...
Interfering RNA
... written description since the claim reads on targeting many different nucleic acids. – Analysis turns on what is shown in the specification and what was known about the various versions of the gene at the time of filing. – Provide evidence RNAi targets shown functionally correlate with targeting oth ...
... written description since the claim reads on targeting many different nucleic acids. – Analysis turns on what is shown in the specification and what was known about the various versions of the gene at the time of filing. – Provide evidence RNAi targets shown functionally correlate with targeting oth ...
Imperial College London
... Manual curation Computational assignment of gene function is not 100% accurate! It will always be important to examine and refine initial automated metabolic reconstructions carefully before attempting to analyse the resulting network. Comparative genomics can be a powerful tool in network curation ...
... Manual curation Computational assignment of gene function is not 100% accurate! It will always be important to examine and refine initial automated metabolic reconstructions carefully before attempting to analyse the resulting network. Comparative genomics can be a powerful tool in network curation ...
Systematic Characterisation of Cellular Localisation and
... initiated when proteins are degraded by the proteasome. Yewdell (2002) points out that: ‘‘A common misconception is that proteasomes are located exclusively in the cytosol. In fact proteasomes are present in the nucleus at similar or higher concentration’’ [19]. In concordance with this observation, ...
... initiated when proteins are degraded by the proteasome. Yewdell (2002) points out that: ‘‘A common misconception is that proteasomes are located exclusively in the cytosol. In fact proteasomes are present in the nucleus at similar or higher concentration’’ [19]. In concordance with this observation, ...
Expip is a cargo adaptor for Sec24p ... export the plasma membrane H+ ATPase from the
... sec22 accumulate vesicles and are likely to be involved in vesicle fusion at the Golgi whereas sec12, sec13, sec16, and sec23 do not accumulate vesicles and are likely involved in vesicle formation (Kaiser and Schekman, 1990). Genetic and biochemical analysis of these vesicle formation mutants led t ...
... sec22 accumulate vesicles and are likely to be involved in vesicle fusion at the Golgi whereas sec12, sec13, sec16, and sec23 do not accumulate vesicles and are likely involved in vesicle formation (Kaiser and Schekman, 1990). Genetic and biochemical analysis of these vesicle formation mutants led t ...
Noll et al., 2007 - Institute of Molecular Life Sciences
... animal as a 180–190 kDa glycoprotein (Shyu et al., 1986). From the unfertilized eggs, the toposomes are isolated as 22S particles (Noll et al., 1985), which on reducing SDS gels appear as a single 170 kDa band (Kari and Rottmann, 1985; Noll et al., 1985). We now show that the N-terminus correspondin ...
... animal as a 180–190 kDa glycoprotein (Shyu et al., 1986). From the unfertilized eggs, the toposomes are isolated as 22S particles (Noll et al., 1985), which on reducing SDS gels appear as a single 170 kDa band (Kari and Rottmann, 1985; Noll et al., 1985). We now show that the N-terminus correspondin ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.