Amassin, an olfactomedin protein, mediates the massive
... protein reactivity and relative molecular mass agreement. (A) The bacterial expression of the derived amino acid sequence from the amassin OLF domain (aa 228–495) is recognized by the antibodies to native amassin. Escherichia coli lysates of preinduced (lane 1) and 30 min postinduction (lane 2) are ...
... protein reactivity and relative molecular mass agreement. (A) The bacterial expression of the derived amino acid sequence from the amassin OLF domain (aa 228–495) is recognized by the antibodies to native amassin. Escherichia coli lysates of preinduced (lane 1) and 30 min postinduction (lane 2) are ...
Gene Section BCR (Breakpoint cluster region) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... 1- in a region called M-bcr (for major breakpoint cluster region), a cluster of 5.8 kb, between exons 12 and 16, also called b1 to b5 of M-bcr; most breakpoints being either between b2 and b3, or between b3 and b4; transcript is 8.5 kb long; this results in a 210 kDa chimeric protein (P210); this is ...
... 1- in a region called M-bcr (for major breakpoint cluster region), a cluster of 5.8 kb, between exons 12 and 16, also called b1 to b5 of M-bcr; most breakpoints being either between b2 and b3, or between b3 and b4; transcript is 8.5 kb long; this results in a 210 kDa chimeric protein (P210); this is ...
Document
... Milk, blood muscle, cassette tapes & athletic shoes are all made of organic compounds with very large molecules called Polymers. Polymers are made up of smaller organic compounds that are linked together to form new bonds. Polymers are also found in the biological compounds that make up living t ...
... Milk, blood muscle, cassette tapes & athletic shoes are all made of organic compounds with very large molecules called Polymers. Polymers are made up of smaller organic compounds that are linked together to form new bonds. Polymers are also found in the biological compounds that make up living t ...
Protein Quality Control as a Strategy for Cellular Regulation
... below. Another example of this high specificity is found in the disease-causing CFTR-∆508 variant of the CFTR transporter. Homozygosity of the ∆508 allele is responsible for the majority of cases of cystic fibrosis (CF). The CFTR∆508 protein is functional and abundantly produced, but ERlocalized qua ...
... below. Another example of this high specificity is found in the disease-causing CFTR-∆508 variant of the CFTR transporter. Homozygosity of the ∆508 allele is responsible for the majority of cases of cystic fibrosis (CF). The CFTR∆508 protein is functional and abundantly produced, but ERlocalized qua ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein Quality Control Failure in Myelin
... glycans addition to asparagine residues (N-glycosylation) and protein oligomerization (Hebert and Molinari, 2007; Braakman and Hebert, 2013). Fundamental ERQC factors are the lectin chaperones calnexin (CNX) and calreticulin (CRT), which assist the folding of ER-synthesized glycoproteins (Figure 1; ...
... glycans addition to asparagine residues (N-glycosylation) and protein oligomerization (Hebert and Molinari, 2007; Braakman and Hebert, 2013). Fundamental ERQC factors are the lectin chaperones calnexin (CNX) and calreticulin (CRT), which assist the folding of ER-synthesized glycoproteins (Figure 1; ...
Turning floral organs into leaves, leaves into floral organs Koji Goto
... promote several aspects of carpel differentiation. Both spt and crc mutations have a phenotypic effect in an ABC triple mutant background, reducing the amount and type of carpel tissues that develop, with mutations in spt having the more marked effect ([20••]; Figure 2). In the ap2 pi ag spt quadrup ...
... promote several aspects of carpel differentiation. Both spt and crc mutations have a phenotypic effect in an ABC triple mutant background, reducing the amount and type of carpel tissues that develop, with mutations in spt having the more marked effect ([20••]; Figure 2). In the ap2 pi ag spt quadrup ...
Nuclear envelope dynamics during plant cell division suggest
... disassemble at the beginning of mitosis in Apium graveolens cells, but are distributed and reassemble differently [7]. The NMCP1 associates with the mitotic spindle, whereas NMCP2 is present in the mitotic cytoplasm and assembles later at the reforming NE than NMCP1 [7]. Whether NMCP1 and 2 function ...
... disassemble at the beginning of mitosis in Apium graveolens cells, but are distributed and reassemble differently [7]. The NMCP1 associates with the mitotic spindle, whereas NMCP2 is present in the mitotic cytoplasm and assembles later at the reforming NE than NMCP1 [7]. Whether NMCP1 and 2 function ...
Facing extremes: archaeal surface-layer (glyco)proteins
... in which these micro-organisms exist, manages to maintain its structural integrity. In most cases, a surface (S)-layer, generally formed from identical protein subunits arranged into a monolayer of simple and repetitive patterns, serves as the envelope of the archaeal cell. Research into the biogene ...
... in which these micro-organisms exist, manages to maintain its structural integrity. In most cases, a surface (S)-layer, generally formed from identical protein subunits arranged into a monolayer of simple and repetitive patterns, serves as the envelope of the archaeal cell. Research into the biogene ...
A Late Mitotic Regulatory Network Controlling
... Shirayama et al., 1998). Similar evidence suggests that HCT1 promotes the destruction of Clb2 and Ase1 but not that of Pds1 (Schwab et al., 1997; Visintin et al., 1997). The regulation of these putative specificity factors is not well understood, although recent studies suggest that Cdc20 may be reg ...
... Shirayama et al., 1998). Similar evidence suggests that HCT1 promotes the destruction of Clb2 and Ase1 but not that of Pds1 (Schwab et al., 1997; Visintin et al., 1997). The regulation of these putative specificity factors is not well understood, although recent studies suggest that Cdc20 may be reg ...
Zinc-induced Inactivation of the Yeast ZRT1 Zinc Transporter
... of over 300 enzymes (11) and also plays a structural role in many proteins. For example, several motifs found in transcriptional regulatory proteins are stabilized by zinc including the zinc finger, zinc cluster, and RING finger domains (12). Proteins containing these motifs are very common; for exa ...
... of over 300 enzymes (11) and also plays a structural role in many proteins. For example, several motifs found in transcriptional regulatory proteins are stabilized by zinc including the zinc finger, zinc cluster, and RING finger domains (12). Proteins containing these motifs are very common; for exa ...
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of
... regenerates the ␣-tocopherol oxidized by ROS at the membrane-cytosol interface, is a direct scavenger of most ROS, and is the substrate of ascorbate peroxidase (APX). The major pathway for ascorbate synthesis has been elucidated (Wheeler et al., 1998). The last step, catalyzed by l-galactono-␥-lacto ...
... regenerates the ␣-tocopherol oxidized by ROS at the membrane-cytosol interface, is a direct scavenger of most ROS, and is the substrate of ascorbate peroxidase (APX). The major pathway for ascorbate synthesis has been elucidated (Wheeler et al., 1998). The last step, catalyzed by l-galactono-␥-lacto ...
Splice variants` role in mediating different disease states in
... complementary prospective approach of identifying the molecular basis and processes for responding to hypoxia in a cell line such as HEK 293 would help provide confirmatory evidence in understanding the key drivers of physiological response to lack of oxygen at the cellular level. Collectively, this ...
... complementary prospective approach of identifying the molecular basis and processes for responding to hypoxia in a cell line such as HEK 293 would help provide confirmatory evidence in understanding the key drivers of physiological response to lack of oxygen at the cellular level. Collectively, this ...
7 Dynamics of pyruvate metabolism in Lactococcus lactis
... The lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis is commonly used in the dairy industry for the manufacture of fermented milk and cheese. This is mainly due to the ability of this organism to rapidly convert the sugars present in milk to lactic acid, whereby a preservative effect is obtained. L. lactis ...
... The lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis is commonly used in the dairy industry for the manufacture of fermented milk and cheese. This is mainly due to the ability of this organism to rapidly convert the sugars present in milk to lactic acid, whereby a preservative effect is obtained. L. lactis ...
Constitutive expression of catABC genes in the aniline
... [2] from soil that grew on aniline as the sole carbon, energy and nitrogen source, and have investigated their metabolic pathways [3], enzyme and gene systems [4–7]. It was revealed that all the isolated bacteria degrade aniline via catechol, which is then metabolized by the enzymes encoded by the c ...
... [2] from soil that grew on aniline as the sole carbon, energy and nitrogen source, and have investigated their metabolic pathways [3], enzyme and gene systems [4–7]. It was revealed that all the isolated bacteria degrade aniline via catechol, which is then metabolized by the enzymes encoded by the c ...
Rab cascades and tethering factors in the endomembrane system
... interact with its effector Rabaptin5, which forms a complex with Rabex-5. Interestingly, the effector stimulates the exchange activity of Rabex-5 on Rab5 [43], thereby recruiting more Rab5 and generating a Rab5 enriched, endosomal domain. Rab5 also recruits phosphoinositide kinases like hVps34, thus ...
... interact with its effector Rabaptin5, which forms a complex with Rabex-5. Interestingly, the effector stimulates the exchange activity of Rabex-5 on Rab5 [43], thereby recruiting more Rab5 and generating a Rab5 enriched, endosomal domain. Rab5 also recruits phosphoinositide kinases like hVps34, thus ...
DNA helicasemediated packaging of adenoassociated virus type 2
... of DNA by disrupting the hydrogen bonding between paired bases as they progress along the DNA strand in a polar fashion (either 3¢®5¢ or 5¢®3¢), and have been shown to be involved in many essential cellular processes, including replication, transcription, DNA repair and translation (for reviews see ...
... of DNA by disrupting the hydrogen bonding between paired bases as they progress along the DNA strand in a polar fashion (either 3¢®5¢ or 5¢®3¢), and have been shown to be involved in many essential cellular processes, including replication, transcription, DNA repair and translation (for reviews see ...
Isolation of casein from milk
... Structure of casein • Is a phosphoprotein, which has phosphate groups attached to some of the amino acid side chains. Mostly these amino acid are serine and threonine. • casein is a mixture of at least three similar proteins, which differ primarily in molecular weight and amount of phosphorus they ...
... Structure of casein • Is a phosphoprotein, which has phosphate groups attached to some of the amino acid side chains. Mostly these amino acid are serine and threonine. • casein is a mixture of at least three similar proteins, which differ primarily in molecular weight and amount of phosphorus they ...
The Localization and Secretion of a Proteolytic
... enzymes with characteristics which are consistent with their presumed ecological role. The production of extracellular proteases was inducible by protein and repressible by amino acids. This is clearly an advantage to the fungus in vivu and the endopeptidase activity of the enzyme complex is compati ...
... enzymes with characteristics which are consistent with their presumed ecological role. The production of extracellular proteases was inducible by protein and repressible by amino acids. This is clearly an advantage to the fungus in vivu and the endopeptidase activity of the enzyme complex is compati ...
sites of protein synthesis in nucleoli of root meristematic cells of
... The present observations revealed that, as early as 5 min after immersion of primary roots of A. cepa in a solution of [3H]arginine, a radioautographic reaction was obtained over the cytoplasm and nucleus of meristematic cells. This indicated that the radioactive arginine must have reached even the ...
... The present observations revealed that, as early as 5 min after immersion of primary roots of A. cepa in a solution of [3H]arginine, a radioautographic reaction was obtained over the cytoplasm and nucleus of meristematic cells. This indicated that the radioactive arginine must have reached even the ...
Facing extremes: archaeal surface-layer (glyco)proteins
... in which these micro-organisms exist, manages to maintain its structural integrity. In most cases, a surface (S)-layer, generally formed from identical protein subunits arranged into a monolayer of simple and repetitive patterns, serves as the envelope of the archaeal cell. Research into the biogene ...
... in which these micro-organisms exist, manages to maintain its structural integrity. In most cases, a surface (S)-layer, generally formed from identical protein subunits arranged into a monolayer of simple and repetitive patterns, serves as the envelope of the archaeal cell. Research into the biogene ...
The Golgi Apparatus - Global Science Books
... SNAREs reach the Golgi as part of the transport machinery between ER and Golgi, and must therefore be recycled to the ER to maintain efficient transport of proteins out of the ER. A mechanism for retrieval of proteins to the ER is therefore essential to the cell. This retrieval is mediated by carrie ...
... SNAREs reach the Golgi as part of the transport machinery between ER and Golgi, and must therefore be recycled to the ER to maintain efficient transport of proteins out of the ER. A mechanism for retrieval of proteins to the ER is therefore essential to the cell. This retrieval is mediated by carrie ...
The Genetics of Beta-galactosidase
... Why is the lac operon so important to molecular biologists? What has it done for our field other than improve the understanding of gene regulation? Set foot in even the most basic biology lab and you will most likely find one of the answers. Probably the most widely used application of the lac opero ...
... Why is the lac operon so important to molecular biologists? What has it done for our field other than improve the understanding of gene regulation? Set foot in even the most basic biology lab and you will most likely find one of the answers. Probably the most widely used application of the lac opero ...
A Nascent Membrane Protein Is Located Adjacent to
... designated the signal sequence receptor by Wiedmann et al. (1987b) after being crosslinked using a short nascent chain (the arrested fragment, •70 amino acids long) with photoprobes located only in the signal sequence. Recent experiments have confirmed that nascent chains longer than the arrested fr ...
... designated the signal sequence receptor by Wiedmann et al. (1987b) after being crosslinked using a short nascent chain (the arrested fragment, •70 amino acids long) with photoprobes located only in the signal sequence. Recent experiments have confirmed that nascent chains longer than the arrested fr ...
Light-dependent Dl Protein Synthesis and Translocation Is
... in the interphase between the unappressed and appressed membrane domains.The Precursor of the Dl Protein Is Integrated in XII-Having identified pD1 in the unappressed domains of C. reinhardtii thylakoids, we addressed the question of whether pD1 is inserted as a free polypeptide in the membrane or b ...
... in the interphase between the unappressed and appressed membrane domains.The Precursor of the Dl Protein Is Integrated in XII-Having identified pD1 in the unappressed domains of C. reinhardtii thylakoids, we addressed the question of whether pD1 is inserted as a free polypeptide in the membrane or b ...
A Nascent Membrane Protein Is Located Adjacent to ER Membrane
... designated the signal sequence receptor by Wiedmann et al. (1987b) after being crosslinked using a short nascent chain (the arrested fragment, •70 amino acids long) with photoprobes located only in the signal sequence. Recent experiments have confirmed that nascent chains longer than the arrested fr ...
... designated the signal sequence receptor by Wiedmann et al. (1987b) after being crosslinked using a short nascent chain (the arrested fragment, •70 amino acids long) with photoprobes located only in the signal sequence. Recent experiments have confirmed that nascent chains longer than the arrested fr ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.