MOLECULAR BASIS FOR MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPID
... of the first mutations in the pssA, pgsA, and cds genes relied on massive screening by autoradiography of colonies defective in in situ phospholipid synthesis (6) rather than on screening and selection for defects in in vivo biosynthesis. Subsequent cloning of these genes led to large overproduction ...
... of the first mutations in the pssA, pgsA, and cds genes relied on massive screening by autoradiography of colonies defective in in situ phospholipid synthesis (6) rather than on screening and selection for defects in in vivo biosynthesis. Subsequent cloning of these genes led to large overproduction ...
The presence of monoglucosylated N196
... The presence of two glycosylation sites (Asn196 and Asn344 ) was identified among four possible candidates (additional sites are Asn57 and Asn623 ). The N344-glycan (glycosylation of Asn344 ) appears to be located on the protein surface, because it is easily released from APA through treatment with ...
... The presence of two glycosylation sites (Asn196 and Asn344 ) was identified among four possible candidates (additional sites are Asn57 and Asn623 ). The N344-glycan (glycosylation of Asn344 ) appears to be located on the protein surface, because it is easily released from APA through treatment with ...
Review Article
... infection; then they will need to obtain nutrients and to multiply while at the same time evading the host defence mechanisms. In some instances, they may need to invade host cells for survival or further dissemination within the host (Finlay & Falkow, 1989). The recognition that bacterial pathogeni ...
... infection; then they will need to obtain nutrients and to multiply while at the same time evading the host defence mechanisms. In some instances, they may need to invade host cells for survival or further dissemination within the host (Finlay & Falkow, 1989). The recognition that bacterial pathogeni ...
DISTRIBUTION OF GROWTH AND ENZYME ACTIVITY IN THE
... it can be inferred from the data on the whole grain of day 0 and 4 that it must have started from a much lower value, and contributed then probably more to the total protein of the grain than all other parts taken together. A decrease in protein content, which continues, is noticed for the first tim ...
... it can be inferred from the data on the whole grain of day 0 and 4 that it must have started from a much lower value, and contributed then probably more to the total protein of the grain than all other parts taken together. A decrease in protein content, which continues, is noticed for the first tim ...
Heavy Metal Stress. Activation of Distinct Mitogen
... developed various mechanisms to cope with this environmental threat. Until now, however, the cellular mechanisms of heavy metal stress-induced signaling remained elusive. In this study we have analyzed the role of protein kinases in roots that experience heavy metal stress. We demonstrate that in re ...
... developed various mechanisms to cope with this environmental threat. Until now, however, the cellular mechanisms of heavy metal stress-induced signaling remained elusive. In this study we have analyzed the role of protein kinases in roots that experience heavy metal stress. We demonstrate that in re ...
A Difference between Rods and Cones in the Renewal of Outer
... a balanced removal of disc material at its apex.5 The retina of the frog contains cones as well as rods. However, the cone outer segments are so small that it was not possible to determine by conventional autoradiographic technique if a similar process occurred in these cells. At best it could be st ...
... a balanced removal of disc material at its apex.5 The retina of the frog contains cones as well as rods. However, the cone outer segments are so small that it was not possible to determine by conventional autoradiographic technique if a similar process occurred in these cells. At best it could be st ...
Controlling morpholino experiments: don`t stop making antisense
... These problems in testing gene function delayed the field until early this century, when it was shown, with some fanfare [Editorial, Nature Genetics 26(2), 129-130], that MOs could be targeted to knockdown specific gene expression both in frog (Heasman et al., 2000) and in zebrafish (Ekker, 2000; Na ...
... These problems in testing gene function delayed the field until early this century, when it was shown, with some fanfare [Editorial, Nature Genetics 26(2), 129-130], that MOs could be targeted to knockdown specific gene expression both in frog (Heasman et al., 2000) and in zebrafish (Ekker, 2000; Na ...
The ARG9 Gene Encodes the Plastid-Resident N
... Moreover, the frequency of codons in the Chlamydomonas plastid genes made it likely that the Arabidopsis cDNA would be translated by the set of plastid tRNAs. Using an existing spectinomycin resistance cassette (aadA) for plastid transformation, we designed an arg9c (c for chloroplast) cassette for ...
... Moreover, the frequency of codons in the Chlamydomonas plastid genes made it likely that the Arabidopsis cDNA would be translated by the set of plastid tRNAs. Using an existing spectinomycin resistance cassette (aadA) for plastid transformation, we designed an arg9c (c for chloroplast) cassette for ...
Full text in pdf format
... (BSA)];33 % was considered surface bound (accessible to BSA). The cellular distribution of aminopeptidase activity is consistent with the model that cell surface aminopeptidase generate oligomers which diffuse into the periplasm where they are monomerized by the high aminopeptidase activity in an en ...
... (BSA)];33 % was considered surface bound (accessible to BSA). The cellular distribution of aminopeptidase activity is consistent with the model that cell surface aminopeptidase generate oligomers which diffuse into the periplasm where they are monomerized by the high aminopeptidase activity in an en ...
19.1 Somatostatin Was the First Human Peptide Hormone Produced
... commercial potential. Instead, it was chosen because the researchers thought it would be technically less difficult than other hormones. Somatostatin is very small (only 14 amino acids long), which requires a short coding sequence, and it can be detected easily. Before discussing the details of this ...
... commercial potential. Instead, it was chosen because the researchers thought it would be technically less difficult than other hormones. Somatostatin is very small (only 14 amino acids long), which requires a short coding sequence, and it can be detected easily. Before discussing the details of this ...
Control of the acetamidase gene of Mycobacterium smegmatis by
... carbon sources [1]. The enzyme is expressed to a low level under non-induced conditions, but is induced 100-fold in the presence of a suitable substrate such as acetamide [1^ ...
... carbon sources [1]. The enzyme is expressed to a low level under non-induced conditions, but is induced 100-fold in the presence of a suitable substrate such as acetamide [1^ ...
Affinity Chromatography
... associated with conventional cellulosic matrices available at that time. Agarose is a linear polysaccharide consisting of alternating 1,3-linked -D-galactose and 1,4-linked 3,6-anhydro--L-galactose units (13). Third, the report exploited the activation of Sepharose by treatment with cyanogen bromi ...
... associated with conventional cellulosic matrices available at that time. Agarose is a linear polysaccharide consisting of alternating 1,3-linked -D-galactose and 1,4-linked 3,6-anhydro--L-galactose units (13). Third, the report exploited the activation of Sepharose by treatment with cyanogen bromi ...
"Value of Digestive Enzymes" by Bill Evans
... All plant and animal cells produce enzymes, made from protein molecules (long chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds). Enzymes are catalysts, which are required for chemical reactions to take place. Without them, no living cell could function or survive; life could not occur. Enzymes a ...
... All plant and animal cells produce enzymes, made from protein molecules (long chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds). Enzymes are catalysts, which are required for chemical reactions to take place. Without them, no living cell could function or survive; life could not occur. Enzymes a ...
Plant Genome Resources at the National Center for Biotechnology
... et al., 2005), a primary database of nucleotide sequences built and maintained by NCBI and synchronized daily with the DNA Databank of Japan (Tateno et al., 2004) and the European Molecular Biological Laboratory (Kanz et al., 2004) databases. Entrez Nucleotide contains almost 12 million plant-derive ...
... et al., 2005), a primary database of nucleotide sequences built and maintained by NCBI and synchronized daily with the DNA Databank of Japan (Tateno et al., 2004) and the European Molecular Biological Laboratory (Kanz et al., 2004) databases. Entrez Nucleotide contains almost 12 million plant-derive ...
PART I
... is reported that F1 hybrids can be obtained in breeding programs, but only with difficulty and such hybrids are usually sterile. There is no evidence of spontaneous hybridization among these four species despite that fact that they have been grown side by side under cultivation for many generations. ...
... is reported that F1 hybrids can be obtained in breeding programs, but only with difficulty and such hybrids are usually sterile. There is no evidence of spontaneous hybridization among these four species despite that fact that they have been grown side by side under cultivation for many generations. ...
The Effect of Chemical Treatments of Albumin and Orosomucoid on
... to individual cells precludes quantitative inferences about the endocytic potential of a particular type of cell being made from the rate of the overall clearance process. It is thus more likely that mechanisms of uptake will emerge from studies with cells cultured in vitro. Williams et al. (1975a,b ...
... to individual cells precludes quantitative inferences about the endocytic potential of a particular type of cell being made from the rate of the overall clearance process. It is thus more likely that mechanisms of uptake will emerge from studies with cells cultured in vitro. Williams et al. (1975a,b ...
Initiation of Plant Disease Resistance by Physical Interaction of
... gene-for-gene specificity seen in these associations. However, not all R gene products are alike. Pto, for example, is a cytoplasmic protein kinase (2). The other R genes, and Prf, encode proteins containing leucinerich repeats and in some cases a nucleotide binding site (3–5, 14). Certain R gene pr ...
... gene-for-gene specificity seen in these associations. However, not all R gene products are alike. Pto, for example, is a cytoplasmic protein kinase (2). The other R genes, and Prf, encode proteins containing leucinerich repeats and in some cases a nucleotide binding site (3–5, 14). Certain R gene pr ...
Direct visualization of protein interactions in plant cells
... time points after addition of SA (Fig. 4). We allowed a 10 h expression period after electroporation to allow the accumulation of the interacting proteins before addition of fMTX and SA. The NPR1/NIM1–TGA2 interaction shows a biphasic mode of interaction in response to SA treatment (Fig. 4), with an ...
... time points after addition of SA (Fig. 4). We allowed a 10 h expression period after electroporation to allow the accumulation of the interacting proteins before addition of fMTX and SA. The NPR1/NIM1–TGA2 interaction shows a biphasic mode of interaction in response to SA treatment (Fig. 4), with an ...
Diverse Effects of Mutations in the Signal Sequence on the Secretion of b-lactamase in Salmonella typhimurium.
... synthesized by the remaining mutants resemble wild-type in that they remain trypsin-inaccessible. One of the latter mutants does produce mature protein, but at a very reduced rate. It thus appears that signalsequence mutations can affect more than one step in the secretion process, and that processi ...
... synthesized by the remaining mutants resemble wild-type in that they remain trypsin-inaccessible. One of the latter mutants does produce mature protein, but at a very reduced rate. It thus appears that signalsequence mutations can affect more than one step in the secretion process, and that processi ...
Comparative Analysis of Parallel Gene Transfer Operators in the
... Based on the test calculations it can be concluded that the three modified gene transfer operators are applicable in real life problems. On the contrary, the acceleration of the optimization using the original gene transfer is the consequence of bacterial mutation only. It is not recommended to use ...
... Based on the test calculations it can be concluded that the three modified gene transfer operators are applicable in real life problems. On the contrary, the acceleration of the optimization using the original gene transfer is the consequence of bacterial mutation only. It is not recommended to use ...
The eyeless homeodomain is dispensable for eye development in
... It has been shown previously that full-length ey cDNA was able to efficiently rescue the eye phenotype of ey2 mutants when expressed in the eye disc under the control of the eye-specific ey enhancer (Halder et al. 1998). To assess the contribution of the EY DNA-binding domains to eye development, we ...
... It has been shown previously that full-length ey cDNA was able to efficiently rescue the eye phenotype of ey2 mutants when expressed in the eye disc under the control of the eye-specific ey enhancer (Halder et al. 1998). To assess the contribution of the EY DNA-binding domains to eye development, we ...
Presentation - people.vcu.edu
... Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) Acts as a linker between the axon and the myelin sheath ...
... Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) Acts as a linker between the axon and the myelin sheath ...
antibody anarchy: a call to order
... through a mass spectrometer to analyse bound molecules for the expected protein fragments. Several vendors have announced their own characterization efforts, and new technologies are helping. Alan Hirzel, chief executive officer of Abcam, a life-sciences reagents provider in Cambridge, UK, says that ...
... through a mass spectrometer to analyse bound molecules for the expected protein fragments. Several vendors have announced their own characterization efforts, and new technologies are helping. Alan Hirzel, chief executive officer of Abcam, a life-sciences reagents provider in Cambridge, UK, says that ...
Ribosomal proteins L5 and L15 Ivailo Simoff in vivo
... cerevisiae. Both r-proteins are essential for ribosome function. Their life cycle is primarily associated with rRNA interactions. As a consequence, the proteins show high sequence homology across the species borders. Furthermore, both L5 and L15 are connected to various human diseases which makes it ...
... cerevisiae. Both r-proteins are essential for ribosome function. Their life cycle is primarily associated with rRNA interactions. As a consequence, the proteins show high sequence homology across the species borders. Furthermore, both L5 and L15 are connected to various human diseases which makes it ...
Communication - Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
... syntrophin triplet suggesting that all the syntrophins including α- as well as β-type may directly bind to dystrophin (Fig. 2). Previous work by Ozawa's group indicated that one of 43-DAGs was overlaid by dystrophin fusion protein containing cysteinerich and C-terminal domains (16). This interaction ...
... syntrophin triplet suggesting that all the syntrophins including α- as well as β-type may directly bind to dystrophin (Fig. 2). Previous work by Ozawa's group indicated that one of 43-DAGs was overlaid by dystrophin fusion protein containing cysteinerich and C-terminal domains (16). This interaction ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.