Characterization of chaperonin 10 (Cpn10)
... characterized by the presence of mitochondrial chaperonin Cpn60, but little else is known about the functions and molecular composition of mitosomes. In this study, a gene encoding molecular chaperonin Cpn10 – the functional partner of Cpn60 – was cloned, and its structure and expression were charac ...
... characterized by the presence of mitochondrial chaperonin Cpn60, but little else is known about the functions and molecular composition of mitosomes. In this study, a gene encoding molecular chaperonin Cpn10 – the functional partner of Cpn60 – was cloned, and its structure and expression were charac ...
Microsporogenesis in Maize`
... increases at a constant rate thereafter until microspore mitosis when an increase in the rate takes place which lasts until generative cell division. Thereafter, there is a marked decrease in the rate of accumulation of ADH activity. ...
... increases at a constant rate thereafter until microspore mitosis when an increase in the rate takes place which lasts until generative cell division. Thereafter, there is a marked decrease in the rate of accumulation of ADH activity. ...
Hormone regulation and the evolution of frog metamorphic diversity
... Figure 7-1 Central and peripheral control in thyroid hormone physiology. (A) Brain processing of environmental signals regulates hypothalamic neurosecretion of corticotropic releasing factor (CRF). CRF enters the pituitary portal vein to induce release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and thyro ...
... Figure 7-1 Central and peripheral control in thyroid hormone physiology. (A) Brain processing of environmental signals regulates hypothalamic neurosecretion of corticotropic releasing factor (CRF). CRF enters the pituitary portal vein to induce release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and thyro ...
MORE ABOUT SOLUTIONS - Bio-Link
... nucleotides Single-stranded and shorter than chromosomal DNA. ...
... nucleotides Single-stranded and shorter than chromosomal DNA. ...
An Enhancer Trap Screen for Ecdysone
... chromosome, where the BDGP had collected 1300 lethal P-element insertion lines (Spradling et al. 1999). These P-element-induced mutations offer several advantages, including established methods to move from mutation to gene and the presence of a lacZ reporter gene within the P element that can be us ...
... chromosome, where the BDGP had collected 1300 lethal P-element insertion lines (Spradling et al. 1999). These P-element-induced mutations offer several advantages, including established methods to move from mutation to gene and the presence of a lacZ reporter gene within the P element that can be us ...
The alphabet soup of plant intracellular signalling: enter cyclic
... The first, and many would say the most important, ingredient of the intracellular signalling alphabet soup is calcium (Trewavas and Malhó, pp 428–433). Ca2+ ions act as a secondary signalling molecule widely in eucaryotes. In plants, Ca2+ has been implicated in intracellular signalling directly, or ...
... The first, and many would say the most important, ingredient of the intracellular signalling alphabet soup is calcium (Trewavas and Malhó, pp 428–433). Ca2+ ions act as a secondary signalling molecule widely in eucaryotes. In plants, Ca2+ has been implicated in intracellular signalling directly, or ...
Protein 3D-structure analysis
... http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1THC Similar structure: 2H6U What is the function of transthyretin, respectively of other proteins with similar structure? Have a look at the corresponding UniProt entries! How are they classified at CATH Use text search http://www.cathdb.info/c ...
... http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1THC Similar structure: 2H6U What is the function of transthyretin, respectively of other proteins with similar structure? Have a look at the corresponding UniProt entries! How are they classified at CATH Use text search http://www.cathdb.info/c ...
Supporting Information Legends
... fused to the LOC_Os04g59624 cDNA (coding sequence of AK242828, blue box) followed by the Venus-coding sequence. pENL1::tcENL1-Venus has the native promoter of LOC_Os04g59624 in place of the maize ubiquitin promoter in pUbi::tcENL1-Venus. pENL1::tcENL1L-Venus comprises the native promoter of LOC_Os04 ...
... fused to the LOC_Os04g59624 cDNA (coding sequence of AK242828, blue box) followed by the Venus-coding sequence. pENL1::tcENL1-Venus has the native promoter of LOC_Os04g59624 in place of the maize ubiquitin promoter in pUbi::tcENL1-Venus. pENL1::tcENL1L-Venus comprises the native promoter of LOC_Os04 ...
187-192. Control of transcription by Pontin and Reptin
... Sas2, Tip60) family of HATs. In addition, these complexes typically contain 11 to 16 proteins (depending on species and purification scheme), including Pontin, Reptin, Actin and different actinrelated proteins (Fig. 2). Of note, yeast has a HAT complex called NuA4 that shares several subunits with t ...
... Sas2, Tip60) family of HATs. In addition, these complexes typically contain 11 to 16 proteins (depending on species and purification scheme), including Pontin, Reptin, Actin and different actinrelated proteins (Fig. 2). Of note, yeast has a HAT complex called NuA4 that shares several subunits with t ...
Llama Antibodies: Small - Functional - Excellent
... These specialized antibodies lack the light chains all together. Other IgG antibodies, like: rabbit, goat, mouse etc., weigh 150 kDa while Llama IgG’s only weigh 94 kDa. Advantages of Llama antibodies: The smaller size allows them to penetrate tissues, pass through blood-brain barrier and bind epito ...
... These specialized antibodies lack the light chains all together. Other IgG antibodies, like: rabbit, goat, mouse etc., weigh 150 kDa while Llama IgG’s only weigh 94 kDa. Advantages of Llama antibodies: The smaller size allows them to penetrate tissues, pass through blood-brain barrier and bind epito ...
Manuscript - Imperial Spiral
... different genomic organization of few pil genes, notably pilin and pilC (Fig. 2). Unless otherwise stated, the N. meningitidis nomenclature is used in this review. Moreover, a N. meningitidis pilZ mutant is piliated but affected for Tfp-linked properties (Carbonnelle et al., 2005), while the corres ...
... different genomic organization of few pil genes, notably pilin and pilC (Fig. 2). Unless otherwise stated, the N. meningitidis nomenclature is used in this review. Moreover, a N. meningitidis pilZ mutant is piliated but affected for Tfp-linked properties (Carbonnelle et al., 2005), while the corres ...
pET System Manual
... Almost all of the pET vectors can express proteins that do not contain vector-encoded sequences. An Nde I or Nco I site is available in many vectors for cloning into the AUG start codon at the 5' end of the insert coding sequence. Similarly, proteins without vector-encoded C-terminal fusions are obt ...
... Almost all of the pET vectors can express proteins that do not contain vector-encoded sequences. An Nde I or Nco I site is available in many vectors for cloning into the AUG start codon at the 5' end of the insert coding sequence. Similarly, proteins without vector-encoded C-terminal fusions are obt ...
Chpt15_PosNegCntrl.doc
... Isolation and purification of the protein was greatly aided by use of mutant strain with up-promoter mutations for lacI, so that many more copies of the protein were present in each cell. This general strategy of over-producing the protein is widely used in purification schemes. Now the gene for the ...
... Isolation and purification of the protein was greatly aided by use of mutant strain with up-promoter mutations for lacI, so that many more copies of the protein were present in each cell. This general strategy of over-producing the protein is widely used in purification schemes. Now the gene for the ...
The plant endoplasmic reticulum: a cell-wide web
... factors that regulate tubule extension, network stabilization, threeway junction and anchor-point formation, and modulation of ER shape through tubulation compared with cisternalization (Figure 2). Given the complexity of these factors and the highly dynamic nature of the ER network, efforts to mode ...
... factors that regulate tubule extension, network stabilization, threeway junction and anchor-point formation, and modulation of ER shape through tubulation compared with cisternalization (Figure 2). Given the complexity of these factors and the highly dynamic nature of the ER network, efforts to mode ...
Plant lipid transfer proteins - Evolution, expression and function Monika Edstam
... However, more evidence is needed to prove this hypothesis and to pinpoint their exact role in this process. In this thesis I have shown that the nsLTPs are found in all land plants, but not in any of the studied algae. This supports a role in defense response, since protection against dehydration, r ...
... However, more evidence is needed to prove this hypothesis and to pinpoint their exact role in this process. In this thesis I have shown that the nsLTPs are found in all land plants, but not in any of the studied algae. This supports a role in defense response, since protection against dehydration, r ...
Dual Location of the Mitochondrial Preprotein
... both Tim23-2 and B14.7, in vitro protein uptake assays of radiolabeled proteins were performed and analyzed by BN-PAGE. The uptake of radiolabeled Tim23-2 into the Tim17:23 complexes was observed as expected, but uptake of Tim23-2 into the monomeric complex I was also distinctly observed, in a manne ...
... both Tim23-2 and B14.7, in vitro protein uptake assays of radiolabeled proteins were performed and analyzed by BN-PAGE. The uptake of radiolabeled Tim23-2 into the Tim17:23 complexes was observed as expected, but uptake of Tim23-2 into the monomeric complex I was also distinctly observed, in a manne ...
Conservation of gene function in behaviour
... meant here by conservation of a gene’s pleiotropic function is when a gene affects the same suite of behaviours in two different species, suggesting shared pleiotropic functions of the gene in these species. Some scientists interested in genes and behaviour use the candidate gene approach to facilit ...
... meant here by conservation of a gene’s pleiotropic function is when a gene affects the same suite of behaviours in two different species, suggesting shared pleiotropic functions of the gene in these species. Some scientists interested in genes and behaviour use the candidate gene approach to facilit ...
Searching algorithm for type IV secretion system effectors 1.0: a tool
... alternative to machine learning approach for less-studied pathogenic bacteria. In this section, we describe the algorithm used by S4TE, how the parameters of this software were estimated from the literature and how S4TE performs on different genomes. The essential features of the S4TE program, as de ...
... alternative to machine learning approach for less-studied pathogenic bacteria. In this section, we describe the algorithm used by S4TE, how the parameters of this software were estimated from the literature and how S4TE performs on different genomes. The essential features of the S4TE program, as de ...
Human Dcp2: a catalytically active mRNA decapping enzyme
... thus resulting from DcpS activity, fail to co-migrate with the product generated by hDcp2 (Figure 3A) but migrate at the expected positions compared to unlabelled standards (m7GMP and inorganic phosphate, Pi). To prove de®nitively that the product of the reaction catalysed by hDcp2 contains two phos ...
... thus resulting from DcpS activity, fail to co-migrate with the product generated by hDcp2 (Figure 3A) but migrate at the expected positions compared to unlabelled standards (m7GMP and inorganic phosphate, Pi). To prove de®nitively that the product of the reaction catalysed by hDcp2 contains two phos ...
Translocation of proteins across archaeal cytoplasmic membranes
... pore via class 3 signal sequences (Fig. 1(a)). Distinct from class 1 and class 2 signal sequences, class 3 signal sequences contain a highly conserved cleavage site between the N and H domains that is recognized by the type IV pilin peptidase (Fig. 1(a)) [32]. Cleavage of this signal sequence thus r ...
... pore via class 3 signal sequences (Fig. 1(a)). Distinct from class 1 and class 2 signal sequences, class 3 signal sequences contain a highly conserved cleavage site between the N and H domains that is recognized by the type IV pilin peptidase (Fig. 1(a)) [32]. Cleavage of this signal sequence thus r ...
Summary - WordPress.com
... Since the PINK1-Parkin pathway plays a major role in Parkinson’s Disease, the gene clueless which functions in mitochondrial localization probably through this pathway was further analyzed. Flies mutant for clueless displayed abnormal mitochondrial structure and function that lead to flight muscle a ...
... Since the PINK1-Parkin pathway plays a major role in Parkinson’s Disease, the gene clueless which functions in mitochondrial localization probably through this pathway was further analyzed. Flies mutant for clueless displayed abnormal mitochondrial structure and function that lead to flight muscle a ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... 1997; Field et al 2000; Nixon et al 2002a). One of the most important conclusions of whole genome sequences of > 50 prokarytes of diverse types is that sets of genes encoding particular biochemical pathways have been frequently exchanged by means of LGT from one bacterium to another (Ochman et al 20 ...
... 1997; Field et al 2000; Nixon et al 2002a). One of the most important conclusions of whole genome sequences of > 50 prokarytes of diverse types is that sets of genes encoding particular biochemical pathways have been frequently exchanged by means of LGT from one bacterium to another (Ochman et al 20 ...
Free amino acids and proteins dynamics in somatic embryogenesis
... 2006). However, some specific analyzes should be done to determine the roles of specific amino acids. In fact, studies have shown that certain amino acids may be more efficient than others in this process (Garin et al., 2000; Booz et al., 2009). There are several studies on the biosynthesis and accu ...
... 2006). However, some specific analyzes should be done to determine the roles of specific amino acids. In fact, studies have shown that certain amino acids may be more efficient than others in this process (Garin et al., 2000; Booz et al., 2009). There are several studies on the biosynthesis and accu ...
development and mature motor function The splicing
... did not produce the same seizure phenotype as Rbfox1 deletion. Thus, while the Rbfox proteins share some target exons in the brain, they are not fully redundant in their functions. To better understand the roles of Rbfox-mediated splicing regulation in the brain, we created mice with tissue- and cel ...
... did not produce the same seizure phenotype as Rbfox1 deletion. Thus, while the Rbfox proteins share some target exons in the brain, they are not fully redundant in their functions. To better understand the roles of Rbfox-mediated splicing regulation in the brain, we created mice with tissue- and cel ...
Prions: Infectious Proteins with Genetic Properties
... the PrPSc protein in brain tissue of patients with prion diseases usually have filamentous or rod-like structure, which indicates its regular polymerization. The polymerization model is also supported by in vitro studies of the PrPC conversion into PrPSc [12], which demonstrated that only high-mol ...
... the PrPSc protein in brain tissue of patients with prion diseases usually have filamentous or rod-like structure, which indicates its regular polymerization. The polymerization model is also supported by in vitro studies of the PrPC conversion into PrPSc [12], which demonstrated that only high-mol ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.