development and mature motor function The splicing
... did not produce the same seizure phenotype as Rbfox1 deletion. Thus, while the Rbfox proteins share some target exons in the brain, they are not fully redundant in their functions. To better understand the roles of Rbfox-mediated splicing regulation in the brain, we created mice with tissue- and cel ...
... did not produce the same seizure phenotype as Rbfox1 deletion. Thus, while the Rbfox proteins share some target exons in the brain, they are not fully redundant in their functions. To better understand the roles of Rbfox-mediated splicing regulation in the brain, we created mice with tissue- and cel ...
Prions: Infectious Proteins with Genetic Properties
... the PrPSc protein in brain tissue of patients with prion diseases usually have filamentous or rod-like structure, which indicates its regular polymerization. The polymerization model is also supported by in vitro studies of the PrPC conversion into PrPSc [12], which demonstrated that only high-mol ...
... the PrPSc protein in brain tissue of patients with prion diseases usually have filamentous or rod-like structure, which indicates its regular polymerization. The polymerization model is also supported by in vitro studies of the PrPC conversion into PrPSc [12], which demonstrated that only high-mol ...
Protein Homeostasis and the Phenotypic - Lindquist Lab
... advantage of such masking rests on two fundamental observations. First, many mutations are either deleterious or neutral because organisms are often already well adapted to their environment. Second, most mutations are also recessive. As long as enzymes are not saturated for the substrate and follow ...
... advantage of such masking rests on two fundamental observations. First, many mutations are either deleterious or neutral because organisms are often already well adapted to their environment. Second, most mutations are also recessive. As long as enzymes are not saturated for the substrate and follow ...
Heterogeneous chromatin mobility derived from chromatin
... categories. Genes assigned to S3 cover the diverse processes and functions necessary for maintaining high levels of translation during rapid growth. Genes in S4 include functions such as unfolded protein binding, response to heat, and protein chaperones; all typical for heat-shock response genes. S5 ...
... categories. Genes assigned to S3 cover the diverse processes and functions necessary for maintaining high levels of translation during rapid growth. Genes in S4 include functions such as unfolded protein binding, response to heat, and protein chaperones; all typical for heat-shock response genes. S5 ...
SB401, a pollen-specific protein from Solanum berthaultii
... Figure 4. SB401 protein bundles MTs. Samples containing 0.5 lM pre-formed taxol-stabilized rhodamine-conjugated MTs were incubated with varying concentrations of SB401 proteins at room temperature for 5 min, and then observed under a confocal microscope. (a) Single-filament MTs are scattered through ...
... Figure 4. SB401 protein bundles MTs. Samples containing 0.5 lM pre-formed taxol-stabilized rhodamine-conjugated MTs were incubated with varying concentrations of SB401 proteins at room temperature for 5 min, and then observed under a confocal microscope. (a) Single-filament MTs are scattered through ...
Gene Section ETV6 (ets variant 6) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... 5' MNX1-3' ETV6 resulting in a transcript in which MNX1 exon 1 is joined with ETV6 exon 3. Abnormal protein Protein contains the HLH and ETS domains of ETV6 but not the homeobox domain of MNX1. Oncogenesis It is thought that the chimeric protein acts as an aberrant transcription factor, which could ...
... 5' MNX1-3' ETV6 resulting in a transcript in which MNX1 exon 1 is joined with ETV6 exon 3. Abnormal protein Protein contains the HLH and ETS domains of ETV6 but not the homeobox domain of MNX1. Oncogenesis It is thought that the chimeric protein acts as an aberrant transcription factor, which could ...
Lectures 1 and 2
... Proteins can bind at the ends of N-linked and O-linked chains, and typically have binding pockets ...
... Proteins can bind at the ends of N-linked and O-linked chains, and typically have binding pockets ...
Microbiology
... to carry the antigenic determinant for class 3.2 strainspecific mAbs and its surface location was corroborated by immunogold T E M investigations. However, no information about its function is available, because we do not have a mutant which fails to bind the mAbs. Levanony & Bashan (1989) showed a ...
... to carry the antigenic determinant for class 3.2 strainspecific mAbs and its surface location was corroborated by immunogold T E M investigations. However, no information about its function is available, because we do not have a mutant which fails to bind the mAbs. Levanony & Bashan (1989) showed a ...
View PDF - Elly Nedivi
... It was known that application of growth factors like platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) leads to rapid activation of gene expression despite the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors such as cycloheximide. These rapid response genes were termed immediate-early genes (IEGs) (46). Nuclear run-of ...
... It was known that application of growth factors like platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) leads to rapid activation of gene expression despite the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors such as cycloheximide. These rapid response genes were termed immediate-early genes (IEGs) (46). Nuclear run-of ...
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE FUNCTION OF THE DROSOPHILA
... of protein factors known as DMRTs (Doublesex and MAB-3related transcription factors), that have been found to play an important role in sexual differentiation in vertebrate and invertebrate organisms and are known to be expressed specifically in the gonad of many species (Volff ...
... of protein factors known as DMRTs (Doublesex and MAB-3related transcription factors), that have been found to play an important role in sexual differentiation in vertebrate and invertebrate organisms and are known to be expressed specifically in the gonad of many species (Volff ...
Transcriptional profiling of wheat caryopsis development using
... wheat caryopses was analyzed using cDNA arrays. Using a mixed model analysis of variance (ANOVA) method, 29% (2,237) of the genes on the array were identified to be differentially expressed at the 6 different time-points examined, which covers the developmental stages from coenocytic endosperm to ph ...
... wheat caryopses was analyzed using cDNA arrays. Using a mixed model analysis of variance (ANOVA) method, 29% (2,237) of the genes on the array were identified to be differentially expressed at the 6 different time-points examined, which covers the developmental stages from coenocytic endosperm to ph ...
implications for key virulence factors in Flavobacterium columnare
... entering into a viable but non-dividing state [12]. However, the infection mechanisms in this fish pathogen are still largely unknown. We have previously observed that in the laboratory F. columnare can be induced to form different colony morphotypes by exposure to phage infection, starvation and se ...
... entering into a viable but non-dividing state [12]. However, the infection mechanisms in this fish pathogen are still largely unknown. We have previously observed that in the laboratory F. columnare can be induced to form different colony morphotypes by exposure to phage infection, starvation and se ...
Proteins RCA Gene Cluster and Functional RCA Locus in Chicken
... activation (RCA) locus. Each SCR consists of 60 –70 aa, including 4 highly conserved cysteines (3, 4). The cysteines form disulfide bonds, folding the SCRs into a rigid triple-loop structure (3, 4). Although the proteins in the RCA family vary in size, they share significantly similar in three-dimen ...
... activation (RCA) locus. Each SCR consists of 60 –70 aa, including 4 highly conserved cysteines (3, 4). The cysteines form disulfide bonds, folding the SCRs into a rigid triple-loop structure (3, 4). Although the proteins in the RCA family vary in size, they share significantly similar in three-dimen ...
Historical review: Deciphering the genetic code – a personal account
... of mRNA. Third, the standard method of washing radioactive protein precipitates in trichloracetic acid to remove radioactive amino acids involved repeated centrifugation and resuspension of protein pellets, which was very laborious and time consuming. One evening I compared this standard method with ...
... of mRNA. Third, the standard method of washing radioactive protein precipitates in trichloracetic acid to remove radioactive amino acids involved repeated centrifugation and resuspension of protein pellets, which was very laborious and time consuming. One evening I compared this standard method with ...
Module 1: Introduction
... Transcription factor binding sites (ChIP) • Genetic screen e.g. of knock out library ...
... Transcription factor binding sites (ChIP) • Genetic screen e.g. of knock out library ...
PDF
... organizer gene. However, expression analysis of Hr_lhx1 in the ascidian showed that whereas late expression of Hr_lhx1 was detected in the brain from the tailbud stage onward, early expression of Hr_lhx1 was not detectable at the blastula to gastrula stages by WISH (Fig. 1H,I; data not shown). Becau ...
... organizer gene. However, expression analysis of Hr_lhx1 in the ascidian showed that whereas late expression of Hr_lhx1 was detected in the brain from the tailbud stage onward, early expression of Hr_lhx1 was not detectable at the blastula to gastrula stages by WISH (Fig. 1H,I; data not shown). Becau ...
Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
... at the same time that the microsomal fraction is the site of polypeptide polymerization (18, 46) . However, the term microsome is only an operational defmition of a high-speed, multicomponent, sedimentable cell fraction, and soon it became clear that the ribonucleoprotein particles of the microsome ...
... at the same time that the microsomal fraction is the site of polypeptide polymerization (18, 46) . However, the term microsome is only an operational defmition of a high-speed, multicomponent, sedimentable cell fraction, and soon it became clear that the ribonucleoprotein particles of the microsome ...
Molecular Evolution and Structure of a
... with the sequence in the TIGR database. As our PCR results imply, Ciona appears to have only a single gene for a-actinin. Previous comparative studies of gene families in Ciona have show that most genes that are present in multiple copies in vertebrates only have a single representative in Ciona (De ...
... with the sequence in the TIGR database. As our PCR results imply, Ciona appears to have only a single gene for a-actinin. Previous comparative studies of gene families in Ciona have show that most genes that are present in multiple copies in vertebrates only have a single representative in Ciona (De ...
Hydrostatic pressure-induced changes in cellular protein synthesis
... had differential effects in chondrosarcoma cells [51]. High hydrostatic pressure revealed other specific cDNA array changes, of which the decreased mRNA and protein level of Id-1 and -3 proteins are interesting [52], since they are capable of directing cellular differentiation. ...
... had differential effects in chondrosarcoma cells [51]. High hydrostatic pressure revealed other specific cDNA array changes, of which the decreased mRNA and protein level of Id-1 and -3 proteins are interesting [52], since they are capable of directing cellular differentiation. ...
The Kip3-Like Kinesin KipB Moves along Microtubules and
... Received 5 November 2003/Accepted 2 March 2004 ...
... Received 5 November 2003/Accepted 2 March 2004 ...
Participation of the proteasomal lid subunit Rpn11 in mitochondrial
... be hydrolytic enzymes for removal of ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins from their targets. Thus Rpn11 partakes in removal of ubiquitin from substrates bound to the proteasome [11–13,28], and the CSN subunit Csn5/Jab1 is responsible for removal of the ubiquitin-like modifier Rub1/Nedd8 from the cu ...
... be hydrolytic enzymes for removal of ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins from their targets. Thus Rpn11 partakes in removal of ubiquitin from substrates bound to the proteasome [11–13,28], and the CSN subunit Csn5/Jab1 is responsible for removal of the ubiquitin-like modifier Rub1/Nedd8 from the cu ...
Merlin and Expanded interact - Development
... al., 1994; Hall et al., 1998; Heiska et al., 1998). In addition, recent studies indicate that ERM binding is essential for proper recycling of the B-adrenergic receptor, and thereby regulation of its activity (Cao et al., 1999). Thus, it seems that ERM proteins and perhaps Merlin may bind to and reg ...
... al., 1994; Hall et al., 1998; Heiska et al., 1998). In addition, recent studies indicate that ERM binding is essential for proper recycling of the B-adrenergic receptor, and thereby regulation of its activity (Cao et al., 1999). Thus, it seems that ERM proteins and perhaps Merlin may bind to and reg ...
Hsp70 and Hsp90 of E. coli Directly Interact for Collaboration in
... conformations such as the open or the closed state of Hsp90. For example, Hop/Sti1 interacts simultaneously with Hsp70 and Hsp90 through its multiple tetratricopeptide repeat domains and facilitates substrate transfer from Hsp70 to Hsp90 by stabilizing the open conformation of Hsp90 [18,19]. The bac ...
... conformations such as the open or the closed state of Hsp90. For example, Hop/Sti1 interacts simultaneously with Hsp70 and Hsp90 through its multiple tetratricopeptide repeat domains and facilitates substrate transfer from Hsp70 to Hsp90 by stabilizing the open conformation of Hsp90 [18,19]. The bac ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.