Evidence for Amino Acid Snorkeling from a High
... Rapaport 2003; Borgese et al. 2007). Genetic selection schemes using the organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been of high value in understanding how proteins reach their proper destination within eukaryotic cells. During such studies, a protein required for survival under selective conditions can ...
... Rapaport 2003; Borgese et al. 2007). Genetic selection schemes using the organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been of high value in understanding how proteins reach their proper destination within eukaryotic cells. During such studies, a protein required for survival under selective conditions can ...
Hsp70 and Hsp90 of E. coli Directly Interact for Collaboration in
... conformations such as the open or the closed state of Hsp90. For example, Hop/Sti1 interacts simultaneously with Hsp70 and Hsp90 through its multiple tetratricopeptide repeat domains and facilitates substrate transfer from Hsp70 to Hsp90 by stabilizing the open conformation of Hsp90 [18,19]. The bac ...
... conformations such as the open or the closed state of Hsp90. For example, Hop/Sti1 interacts simultaneously with Hsp70 and Hsp90 through its multiple tetratricopeptide repeat domains and facilitates substrate transfer from Hsp70 to Hsp90 by stabilizing the open conformation of Hsp90 [18,19]. The bac ...
Supplementary information
... nucleus where p53 interacts with chromatin in both specific and non-specific manner, while ECFP-EYFP protein is only subject to molecular sieving effect, resulting from relatively cluttered nuclear environment. High mobility was also expected in the case of p53 L344P (Sup. 1A), reflecting its mostly ...
... nucleus where p53 interacts with chromatin in both specific and non-specific manner, while ECFP-EYFP protein is only subject to molecular sieving effect, resulting from relatively cluttered nuclear environment. High mobility was also expected in the case of p53 L344P (Sup. 1A), reflecting its mostly ...
The Plant Cell - Utrecht University Repository
... In yeast and animals, the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) is an essential ubiquitin protein ligase that regulates mitotic progression and exit by controlling the stability of cell cycle regulatory proteins, such as securin and the mitotic cyclins. In plants, the function, regulation, ...
... In yeast and animals, the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) is an essential ubiquitin protein ligase that regulates mitotic progression and exit by controlling the stability of cell cycle regulatory proteins, such as securin and the mitotic cyclins. In plants, the function, regulation, ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... the target membrane compartments. The molecular mechanism and machinery components of membrane trafficking are conserved from unicellular organisms, such as yeasts, to complex multicellular eukaryotes, such as animals and plants. However, the physiological functions of membrane trafficking have been ...
... the target membrane compartments. The molecular mechanism and machinery components of membrane trafficking are conserved from unicellular organisms, such as yeasts, to complex multicellular eukaryotes, such as animals and plants. However, the physiological functions of membrane trafficking have been ...
Physiological Genomics of Antidepressant Targets: Keeping the
... heterozygosity of our probands results in such a profound phenotype (M. Hahn and R. D. Blakely, unpublished observations). We suspect that other subjects with OI-like phenotypes may harbor additional nonsynonymous NET mutations or have alterations in critical regulatory regions. OI, like depression ...
... heterozygosity of our probands results in such a profound phenotype (M. Hahn and R. D. Blakely, unpublished observations). We suspect that other subjects with OI-like phenotypes may harbor additional nonsynonymous NET mutations or have alterations in critical regulatory regions. OI, like depression ...
Document
... transcription, processing, and translation. (그림 그려서 설명) 1961년 Jacob과 Monod: provided the basic concept in bacteria. - trans-acting product can function on any copy of its target DNA. This implies that it is a diffusible protein or RNA. - cis-acting site affects the activity only of sequences on it ...
... transcription, processing, and translation. (그림 그려서 설명) 1961년 Jacob과 Monod: provided the basic concept in bacteria. - trans-acting product can function on any copy of its target DNA. This implies that it is a diffusible protein or RNA. - cis-acting site affects the activity only of sequences on it ...
Specific Isotopic Labeling of Methyl Groups has Extended the
... half the amount of 13C and 1H isotope labels incorporated into each of the two methyl groups, signal loss is compensated for by improved relaxation, resulting in narrower methyl resonances 26. Further, the elimination of methyl-methyl relaxation between the geminal methyl groups of L and V residues ...
... half the amount of 13C and 1H isotope labels incorporated into each of the two methyl groups, signal loss is compensated for by improved relaxation, resulting in narrower methyl resonances 26. Further, the elimination of methyl-methyl relaxation between the geminal methyl groups of L and V residues ...
Proteases in the Food Industry
... enzyme producer’s needs and all of the potential end-users’ needs. Enzyme producers work very diligently with our customers to identify the correct protease & usage conditions for their unique application. Then our QA release assay method and our specifications provide the necessary assurance that e ...
... enzyme producer’s needs and all of the potential end-users’ needs. Enzyme producers work very diligently with our customers to identify the correct protease & usage conditions for their unique application. Then our QA release assay method and our specifications provide the necessary assurance that e ...
Inhibition Systems Mechanisms and Biological Roles of
... chromosome(s) of the indicated bacterial pathogens are shown. Gaps between loci indicate that they are not closely linked. The order of gene regions and orientation of genes is as in the published genomic sequences, except for E. coli 536 and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis PB1þ, which have been reverse ...
... chromosome(s) of the indicated bacterial pathogens are shown. Gaps between loci indicate that they are not closely linked. The order of gene regions and orientation of genes is as in the published genomic sequences, except for E. coli 536 and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis PB1þ, which have been reverse ...
The Evolution of SMC Proteins: Phylogenetic Analysis and Structural
... proteins and attempted to account for the evolutionary patterns we have observed in terms of available structural data. Based on our analyses, we propose that each of the six eukaryotic SMC subfamilies originated through a series of ancient gene duplication events, with the condensins evolving more ...
... proteins and attempted to account for the evolutionary patterns we have observed in terms of available structural data. Based on our analyses, we propose that each of the six eukaryotic SMC subfamilies originated through a series of ancient gene duplication events, with the condensins evolving more ...
Table S3. Transcription factor binding sites identified in haplotypes
... The search was performed using the insect directory of the TRANSFAC® 6.0 database [99,100,101,102,103] with the help of the programs PATCHTM public 1.0 (limited to perfect matches of at least 5 bases) and MATCHTM public 1.0 [104] (using 70% as a minimum overall similarity and 100% as core similarity ...
... The search was performed using the insect directory of the TRANSFAC® 6.0 database [99,100,101,102,103] with the help of the programs PATCHTM public 1.0 (limited to perfect matches of at least 5 bases) and MATCHTM public 1.0 [104] (using 70% as a minimum overall similarity and 100% as core similarity ...
A Conditional System to Specifically Link Disruption of
... gene disruption has become a critical tool for understanding gene function during development, homeostasis, as well as in disease states (Rajewsky, 2007; Schmidt-Supprian and Rajewsky, 2007). Fluorescent reporter alleles have proved to be another key resource in the dissection of gene function by al ...
... gene disruption has become a critical tool for understanding gene function during development, homeostasis, as well as in disease states (Rajewsky, 2007; Schmidt-Supprian and Rajewsky, 2007). Fluorescent reporter alleles have proved to be another key resource in the dissection of gene function by al ...
The Binary Genetic Algorithm
... In the first part, we examine the evolution of traits of horses in carefully defined environments using a GA. The first step is to define is to define the environments and the adaptable characteristics. Two sorts of environments are considered. The first is a natural environment in which horse popul ...
... In the first part, we examine the evolution of traits of horses in carefully defined environments using a GA. The first step is to define is to define the environments and the adaptable characteristics. Two sorts of environments are considered. The first is a natural environment in which horse popul ...
Hitching a ride on vesicles: Cauliflower mosaic virus movement
... (Supplemental Figure S1). Higher magnification images display co-localization of the ...
... (Supplemental Figure S1). Higher magnification images display co-localization of the ...
Slide 1
... to activate lysosomal enzymes, the lysosomes pump H+ into to themselves to lower the pH) Another example is enzymes of the digestive system that prefer pH’s that are low (like pepsin in the stomach that breaks proteins down) ...
... to activate lysosomal enzymes, the lysosomes pump H+ into to themselves to lower the pH) Another example is enzymes of the digestive system that prefer pH’s that are low (like pepsin in the stomach that breaks proteins down) ...
Does RAGE protect smokers from COPD? CORRESPONDENCE
... expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we outline the results of recent genetic epidemiological studies that suggest the advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor (AGER) gene, which encodes sRAGE, may also have a role in the de ...
... expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we outline the results of recent genetic epidemiological studies that suggest the advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor (AGER) gene, which encodes sRAGE, may also have a role in the de ...
Transcriptional Repression of Hox Genes by C. elegans HP1/HPL
... Linker histone (H1) and heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) play central roles in the formation of higher-order chromatin structure and gene expression. Recent studies have shown a physical interaction between H1 and HP1; however, the biological role of histone H1 and HP1 is not well understood. Additio ...
... Linker histone (H1) and heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) play central roles in the formation of higher-order chromatin structure and gene expression. Recent studies have shown a physical interaction between H1 and HP1; however, the biological role of histone H1 and HP1 is not well understood. Additio ...
answers
... below). Draw the expected results if the different expression patterns are from trans changes, and the expected results if the different expression patterns are due to cis changes. In your drawings show the expected expression domain of Ubx as well as the expected morphology of the appendage on each ...
... below). Draw the expected results if the different expression patterns are from trans changes, and the expected results if the different expression patterns are due to cis changes. In your drawings show the expected expression domain of Ubx as well as the expected morphology of the appendage on each ...
Bluetongue Virus Capsid Assembly and Maturation
... mammalian cell and SF9 cell expression systems, capable of forming VIB that possess a similar morphology when singly expressed as is observed during BTV infection [13,14]. Furthermore, it was found to be important for primary replication in vivo, as virus recovery was abolished in the absence of NS2 ...
... mammalian cell and SF9 cell expression systems, capable of forming VIB that possess a similar morphology when singly expressed as is observed during BTV infection [13,14]. Furthermore, it was found to be important for primary replication in vivo, as virus recovery was abolished in the absence of NS2 ...
Towards the development of standardized methods for comparison
... with other software tools is statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. The analysis of SO correlation factors between different software tools reveals that correlations among the various programs can be small (Table 2). It is noteworthy to mention that SO values from HOMSTRAD alignments ...
... with other software tools is statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. The analysis of SO correlation factors between different software tools reveals that correlations among the various programs can be small (Table 2). It is noteworthy to mention that SO values from HOMSTRAD alignments ...
file
... • Not consumed in reaction – single enzyme molecule can catalyze thousands or more reactions per second • enzymes unaffected by the reaction ...
... • Not consumed in reaction – single enzyme molecule can catalyze thousands or more reactions per second • enzymes unaffected by the reaction ...
- Wiley Online Library
... certain genes and operons, the mechanisms leading to repression may be quite diverse. The presence of a repressing carbon source can result in lower concentrations of inducers speci¢c for alternate routes of catabolism, in altered activities of speci¢c regulators, or in the activation of global cont ...
... certain genes and operons, the mechanisms leading to repression may be quite diverse. The presence of a repressing carbon source can result in lower concentrations of inducers speci¢c for alternate routes of catabolism, in altered activities of speci¢c regulators, or in the activation of global cont ...
Biogenesis of hepatitis C virus envelope glycoproteins
... aggregates (Dubuisson et al., 1994) (Fig. 2). Extensive characterization of the non-covalent heterodimer supports the idea that this oligomer is most likely the prebudding form of the functional complex which will play subsequently an active role in the entry process into host cells (Deleersnyder et ...
... aggregates (Dubuisson et al., 1994) (Fig. 2). Extensive characterization of the non-covalent heterodimer supports the idea that this oligomer is most likely the prebudding form of the functional complex which will play subsequently an active role in the entry process into host cells (Deleersnyder et ...
WHAT IS GENE THERAPY? CHOOSING TARGETS FOR GENE
... 2. Try to repair the cracked window with some tape: not the best long-term solution. 3. Put in a new window: not only do you solve the problem, but also you do the honorable thing. What does this have to do with gene therapy? You can think of a medical condition or illness as a "broken window." Many ...
... 2. Try to repair the cracked window with some tape: not the best long-term solution. 3. Put in a new window: not only do you solve the problem, but also you do the honorable thing. What does this have to do with gene therapy? You can think of a medical condition or illness as a "broken window." Many ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.