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Mol Microbiol. Jun 21. [Epub ahead of print]
... From a public health perspective, the mixed species biofilms that form in anthropogenic water systems are well known and important environmental reservoirs for L. pneumophila growth (Declerck et al., 2009), and some recent studies have provided insights into biofilm formation by L. pneumophila. It h ...
... From a public health perspective, the mixed species biofilms that form in anthropogenic water systems are well known and important environmental reservoirs for L. pneumophila growth (Declerck et al., 2009), and some recent studies have provided insights into biofilm formation by L. pneumophila. It h ...
Gene Duplication to Enable Genetic Programming to
... behavior of the living thing in some advantageous or disadvantageous way. When a changed gene leads to the manufacture of a viable and advantageous new protein, natural selection again works to preserve that new gene. Ohno also points out that ordinary point mutation and crossover are insufficient t ...
... behavior of the living thing in some advantageous or disadvantageous way. When a changed gene leads to the manufacture of a viable and advantageous new protein, natural selection again works to preserve that new gene. Ohno also points out that ordinary point mutation and crossover are insufficient t ...
The Chlamydomonas genome project: a decade on
... As a unicellular haploid in the vegetative stage of its life cycle, Chlamydomonas shares the experimental advantages associated with microbes. These include rapid doubling time (8–12 h), well-defined media and growth requirements, the ability to synchronize cultures with periodic light exposure, th ...
... As a unicellular haploid in the vegetative stage of its life cycle, Chlamydomonas shares the experimental advantages associated with microbes. These include rapid doubling time (8–12 h), well-defined media and growth requirements, the ability to synchronize cultures with periodic light exposure, th ...
The ZIP family of metal transporters
... smf1 mutant. We obviously need to determine if expression of any of the ZIP family members responds to Mn de¢ciency. Most importantly, we will need to test Arabidopsis mutants that no longer express each of the various transporters to see if any are de¢cient in cation transport. However, redundancy ...
... smf1 mutant. We obviously need to determine if expression of any of the ZIP family members responds to Mn de¢ciency. Most importantly, we will need to test Arabidopsis mutants that no longer express each of the various transporters to see if any are de¢cient in cation transport. However, redundancy ...
RIBOSOME-INACTIVATING PROTEINS: A Plant Perspective
... by cofactor requirements. It is not known, however, whether the need for cofactors simply represents a mechanism for increasing enzyme efficiency or if it is linked to additional biological activities. An important long-standing question is: “What factors contribute to the resistance or susceptibili ...
... by cofactor requirements. It is not known, however, whether the need for cofactors simply represents a mechanism for increasing enzyme efficiency or if it is linked to additional biological activities. An important long-standing question is: “What factors contribute to the resistance or susceptibili ...
G PROTEIN βγ SUBUNITS
... other proteins that make up the WD-repeat superfamily. Members of this family do not have an immediately obvious common function; they are involved in diverse cellular pathways such as signal transduction, pre-mRNA splicing, transcriptional regulation, assembly of the cytoskeleton, and vesicular tra ...
... other proteins that make up the WD-repeat superfamily. Members of this family do not have an immediately obvious common function; they are involved in diverse cellular pathways such as signal transduction, pre-mRNA splicing, transcriptional regulation, assembly of the cytoskeleton, and vesicular tra ...
Population Biology of the First Replicators: On
... and death processes could diverge for the first time, since selection could act differently on the birth and death rates of the replicating molecule. Thus, with replication, natural selection and life-history evolution began. The genotype, or nucleotide sequence, of the replicating molecule gave ris ...
... and death processes could diverge for the first time, since selection could act differently on the birth and death rates of the replicating molecule. Thus, with replication, natural selection and life-history evolution began. The genotype, or nucleotide sequence, of the replicating molecule gave ris ...
1 Introduction - diss.fu
... 1.1 Protein synthesis in the prokaryotic cell Protein synthesis is one of the most essential events in each living cell. Here, the genetic information stored in DNA and transcribed into RNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids forming a polypeptide. In that process, tRNAs are involved bridgi ...
... 1.1 Protein synthesis in the prokaryotic cell Protein synthesis is one of the most essential events in each living cell. Here, the genetic information stored in DNA and transcribed into RNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids forming a polypeptide. In that process, tRNAs are involved bridgi ...
A Point Mutation in the Ethylene-Inducing Xylanase Elicitor Inhibits
... Induction of Ethylene Biosynthesis by Different Xylanases The enzymatic activity (b-1-4-endoxylanase) of EIX was compared with the enzymatic activity of XynI and XynII isolated from Trichoderma reesei (Torronen et al., 1992). EIX and XynII had similar enzymatic activity, while XynI was less active ( ...
... Induction of Ethylene Biosynthesis by Different Xylanases The enzymatic activity (b-1-4-endoxylanase) of EIX was compared with the enzymatic activity of XynI and XynII isolated from Trichoderma reesei (Torronen et al., 1992). EIX and XynII had similar enzymatic activity, while XynI was less active ( ...
The Adaptor Complex AP-4 Regulates Vacuolar
... Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan (K.F., M.S., Y.S., T.K., Y.K., H.T., I.H.-N., T.S.); and Plant Global Educational Project, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630–0192, Japan (Y.F.) ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8814-1593 (I.H.-N.). ...
... Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan (K.F., M.S., Y.S., T.K., Y.K., H.T., I.H.-N., T.S.); and Plant Global Educational Project, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630–0192, Japan (Y.F.) ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8814-1593 (I.H.-N.). ...
Glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-anchored protein (GPI
... expressed genes. We validated the differential expression of several of the genes identified through Biochip analysis, by means of quantitative RT-PCR of RNA from 48 thymoma tumors. We found that GPI-80 was significantly higher in invasive thymoma (stage IV thymoma) than in stage I thymoma. It has p ...
... expressed genes. We validated the differential expression of several of the genes identified through Biochip analysis, by means of quantitative RT-PCR of RNA from 48 thymoma tumors. We found that GPI-80 was significantly higher in invasive thymoma (stage IV thymoma) than in stage I thymoma. It has p ...
Lecture 016-
... 3-D structure of enzyme fits substrate as substrate binds, enzyme changes shape leading to a tighter fit ...
... 3-D structure of enzyme fits substrate as substrate binds, enzyme changes shape leading to a tighter fit ...
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... MECP2 mutations and MECP2 gene duplications, also display RTT-like phenotypes (44). Furthermore, recent clinical observations correlated duplications of MECP2 with Rett-like phenotypes, although overall such duplications result in clinically distinct phenotypes. Together, such observations are consi ...
... MECP2 mutations and MECP2 gene duplications, also display RTT-like phenotypes (44). Furthermore, recent clinical observations correlated duplications of MECP2 with Rett-like phenotypes, although overall such duplications result in clinically distinct phenotypes. Together, such observations are consi ...
Electrophoresis
... mass is to denature the proteins in a controlled way • Sodium dodecyl sulfate is an anionic detergent that is very useful in this respect: it denatures proteins, whatever their initial shapes, into rods by forming a complex with them • Moreover, most proteins bind a constant amount of ion, so that t ...
... mass is to denature the proteins in a controlled way • Sodium dodecyl sulfate is an anionic detergent that is very useful in this respect: it denatures proteins, whatever their initial shapes, into rods by forming a complex with them • Moreover, most proteins bind a constant amount of ion, so that t ...
ATP-dependent Clp Proteases in Photosynthetic Organisms~ A Cut
... sequence signatures (Schrimer et al., 1996). The first group contains proteins between 85 to 105 kD with two distinct ATP-binding domains. These are further divided into five subtypes, designated ClpA to -E. ClpA is found exclusively in certain Gram-negative bacteria like E. coli, ClpB is present in ...
... sequence signatures (Schrimer et al., 1996). The first group contains proteins between 85 to 105 kD with two distinct ATP-binding domains. These are further divided into five subtypes, designated ClpA to -E. ClpA is found exclusively in certain Gram-negative bacteria like E. coli, ClpB is present in ...
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
... virulence gene cluster with respect to gene organization. Both lineages also show high homology in the housekeeping genes prs and ldh (100% at the protein level), while other virulence gene products vary with respect to their identity from 81.3% to 99.1% (Table 2). The most significant differences b ...
... virulence gene cluster with respect to gene organization. Both lineages also show high homology in the housekeeping genes prs and ldh (100% at the protein level), while other virulence gene products vary with respect to their identity from 81.3% to 99.1% (Table 2). The most significant differences b ...
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of lecithin free egg yolk protein
... A rich source of antioxidant peptides are egg white and yolk proteins [3,4,8,9]. Numerous studies reported the antioxidant activity of egg-yolk protein in a linoleic acid oxidation system [3,4]. The hydroxyl radical and DPPH scavenging activity and suppression of discoloration of βcarotene have been ...
... A rich source of antioxidant peptides are egg white and yolk proteins [3,4,8,9]. Numerous studies reported the antioxidant activity of egg-yolk protein in a linoleic acid oxidation system [3,4]. The hydroxyl radical and DPPH scavenging activity and suppression of discoloration of βcarotene have been ...
Glutaric Acidemia Type 1 - Nutricia Learning Center
... becomes “floppy”, reduced movements) followed by spasms in the arms and legs • The child is very difficult to wake up or you cannot get him to wake up at all (coma) ...
... becomes “floppy”, reduced movements) followed by spasms in the arms and legs • The child is very difficult to wake up or you cannot get him to wake up at all (coma) ...
Low-Molecular-Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase and Human
... Low-Molecular-Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase and Human Disease: in Search of Biochemical Mechanisms N. Bottini et al.: LMPTP and Disease ...
... Low-Molecular-Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase and Human Disease: in Search of Biochemical Mechanisms N. Bottini et al.: LMPTP and Disease ...
introduction
... 1992). Additionally, the 6kb linear genome encoded bacterial-type rRNAs which were different from those encoded by the 35kb circle (Feagin et aI., 1997). Sequence analysis revealed that the 35kb element was similar to chloroplast genomes, containing an inverted repeat of ribosomal RNA genes ...
... 1992). Additionally, the 6kb linear genome encoded bacterial-type rRNAs which were different from those encoded by the 35kb circle (Feagin et aI., 1997). Sequence analysis revealed that the 35kb element was similar to chloroplast genomes, containing an inverted repeat of ribosomal RNA genes ...
Processing Synthesis of Cellulase from Ripening
... The biosynthesis and processing of cellulase from ripening avocado demonstrated that intracellular targeting may be accompanied fruit was studied. The mature protein is a glycoprotein, as judged by by co-translational glycosylation (5) and posttranslational procconcanavalin A binding, with a molecul ...
... The biosynthesis and processing of cellulase from ripening avocado demonstrated that intracellular targeting may be accompanied fruit was studied. The mature protein is a glycoprotein, as judged by by co-translational glycosylation (5) and posttranslational procconcanavalin A binding, with a molecul ...
Chloroplast Division and Morphology Are Differentially Affected by
... than that of AtFtsZ1-1. Plants expressing the AtFtsZ2-1 transgene did accumulate a form of the protein smaller than those detected in wild-type plants. AtFtsZ2-1 levels were unaffected by increased or decreased accumulation of AtFtsZ1-1 and vice versa, suggesting that the levels of these two plastid ...
... than that of AtFtsZ1-1. Plants expressing the AtFtsZ2-1 transgene did accumulate a form of the protein smaller than those detected in wild-type plants. AtFtsZ2-1 levels were unaffected by increased or decreased accumulation of AtFtsZ1-1 and vice versa, suggesting that the levels of these two plastid ...
AFFINITY OF WARFARIN WITH CYP2C9 BY MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY Original Article
... Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 is the principal isoform of the CYP2C subfamily in the human liver and is involved in the oxidation of several endogenous and xenobiotic compounds, which plays major role in Metabolism of warfarin.Warfarin is Coumarin derivative act as an Oral Anticoagulant,its Molecular Fo ...
... Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 is the principal isoform of the CYP2C subfamily in the human liver and is involved in the oxidation of several endogenous and xenobiotic compounds, which plays major role in Metabolism of warfarin.Warfarin is Coumarin derivative act as an Oral Anticoagulant,its Molecular Fo ...
File
... 7. Effect of pH on Enzymes Enzymes work best within a range of pH depending on the type of enzyme. The pH that the enzymes works best at is called it’s Optimum pH If the pH is too high, the enzymes active site changes shape (denatured) What is the optimum pH of this enzyme ? ...
... 7. Effect of pH on Enzymes Enzymes work best within a range of pH depending on the type of enzyme. The pH that the enzymes works best at is called it’s Optimum pH If the pH is too high, the enzymes active site changes shape (denatured) What is the optimum pH of this enzyme ? ...
"Dual-coding Regions in Alternatively Spliced Human Genes". In
... information processing. Precise characterization of several well-studied dual-coding genes can improve gene prediction and annotation, unveiling more secondary reading frames when appropriate. Second, genes that contain a dual-coding region generate patches of distinct amino acid sequences in relate ...
... information processing. Precise characterization of several well-studied dual-coding genes can improve gene prediction and annotation, unveiling more secondary reading frames when appropriate. Second, genes that contain a dual-coding region generate patches of distinct amino acid sequences in relate ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.