Lethal Protein
... using downloadable viewing software called Cn3D. Students will describe the effect of the mutations in terms of the effect on protein structure. Students will be able to correlate the molecular mutation to the physiological symptoms of the disease. The National Center for Biotechnology Information ( ...
... using downloadable viewing software called Cn3D. Students will describe the effect of the mutations in terms of the effect on protein structure. Students will be able to correlate the molecular mutation to the physiological symptoms of the disease. The National Center for Biotechnology Information ( ...
- Catalyst
... NLRP3) the inflammasome oligomerizes with an adapator protein and capsapse 1. Once Caspase-1 become apart of the inflammasome it is activated and capable of cleaving cytokines and ...
... NLRP3) the inflammasome oligomerizes with an adapator protein and capsapse 1. Once Caspase-1 become apart of the inflammasome it is activated and capable of cleaving cytokines and ...
Ribosomal Protein RPL27a Promotes Female
... These mutants share similar phenotypes, where female gametophyte development is delayed and there is a failure in progression through gametophyte mitotic cell divisions. Transmission of these ribosome biogenesis mutants through the female is often reduced. This ostensibly reflects a requirement for a ...
... These mutants share similar phenotypes, where female gametophyte development is delayed and there is a failure in progression through gametophyte mitotic cell divisions. Transmission of these ribosome biogenesis mutants through the female is often reduced. This ostensibly reflects a requirement for a ...
Robust circadian clocks from coupled protein
... model, which describes the PPC that has been reconstituted in the test tube (13) (Fig. 1B). In this system, the total number of each Kai protein is constant—they are neither produced nor destroyed—and only the PPC is operative. We show that in this case the PPC is highly robust against noise arising ...
... model, which describes the PPC that has been reconstituted in the test tube (13) (Fig. 1B). In this system, the total number of each Kai protein is constant—they are neither produced nor destroyed—and only the PPC is operative. We show that in this case the PPC is highly robust against noise arising ...
3did: a catalog of domain-based interactions of
... in the everyday work of biologists (36). Many different approaches have been taken in order to achieve this. Most of them exploit the observation that evolutionary conserved domain families are used as independently interacting modules in proteins. These functional modules are reflected at the protei ...
... in the everyday work of biologists (36). Many different approaches have been taken in order to achieve this. Most of them exploit the observation that evolutionary conserved domain families are used as independently interacting modules in proteins. These functional modules are reflected at the protei ...
Dm1-MMP, a Matrix Metalloproteinase from Drosophila with a
... Dm1-MMP, the first matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) identified in Drosophila melanogaster. The isolated cDNA encodes a protein of 541 residues that has a domain organization identical to that of most vertebrate MMPs including a signal sequence, a prodomain with the activation locus, a catalytic domain ...
... Dm1-MMP, the first matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) identified in Drosophila melanogaster. The isolated cDNA encodes a protein of 541 residues that has a domain organization identical to that of most vertebrate MMPs including a signal sequence, a prodomain with the activation locus, a catalytic domain ...
Visualization of Intracellular Transport of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus
... idues 150 to 210). We recently studied the role of this hinge region and found that it plays an important role in VSV RNA synthesis and assembly of infectious particles (7). In that study, we also demonstrated that insertion of 19 amino acids (aa) within the hinge region of the protein (Fig. 1A) has ...
... idues 150 to 210). We recently studied the role of this hinge region and found that it plays an important role in VSV RNA synthesis and assembly of infectious particles (7). In that study, we also demonstrated that insertion of 19 amino acids (aa) within the hinge region of the protein (Fig. 1A) has ...
10 Proteomic Analysis of Potential Breast Cancer Biomarkers
... 2002). To better understand the molecular mechanisms associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis, it is necessary to identify gene expression signatures and protein expression markers among non-tumorigenic breast cells, non-invasive breast cancer cells, and invasive breast cancer cells. At the tran ...
... 2002). To better understand the molecular mechanisms associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis, it is necessary to identify gene expression signatures and protein expression markers among non-tumorigenic breast cells, non-invasive breast cancer cells, and invasive breast cancer cells. At the tran ...
Technical data sheet
... one or two inserts of 29 amino acids at the N-terminal part (exon 2 and 3), and three or four repeat-binding regions at the C-terminus. So, the longest isoform in the CNS has four repeats (R1, R2, R3 and R4) and two inserts (441 amino acids total), while the shortest isoform has three repeats (R1, R ...
... one or two inserts of 29 amino acids at the N-terminal part (exon 2 and 3), and three or four repeat-binding regions at the C-terminus. So, the longest isoform in the CNS has four repeats (R1, R2, R3 and R4) and two inserts (441 amino acids total), while the shortest isoform has three repeats (R1, R ...
Planctomycetes and eukaryotes: A case of analogy not homology
... evidence indicates that despite a superficial cytological similarity between the membrane configurations in the PVC bacteria and eukaryotes, the structures are not homologous. A similar situation exists with respect to the mechanism of protein uptake recently described in PVC and declared to be homo ...
... evidence indicates that despite a superficial cytological similarity between the membrane configurations in the PVC bacteria and eukaryotes, the structures are not homologous. A similar situation exists with respect to the mechanism of protein uptake recently described in PVC and declared to be homo ...
Effect of the addition of CMC on the aggregation behaviour
... interaction of CMC with both of them yielding thus, to a more complex three-dimensional network or aggregate with a higher molecular weight. The impact of CMC could be also attributed to its characteristic to form electrostatic complexes with proteins (Shih, 1994). However, the effect of CMC can als ...
... interaction of CMC with both of them yielding thus, to a more complex three-dimensional network or aggregate with a higher molecular weight. The impact of CMC could be also attributed to its characteristic to form electrostatic complexes with proteins (Shih, 1994). However, the effect of CMC can als ...
Floral organ identity genes in the orchid
... angiosperms, orchids are unique in their floral patterning, particularly in floral structures and organ identity. The ABCDE model was proposed as a general model to explain flower development in diverse plant groups, however the extent to which this model is applicable to orchids is still unknown. T ...
... angiosperms, orchids are unique in their floral patterning, particularly in floral structures and organ identity. The ABCDE model was proposed as a general model to explain flower development in diverse plant groups, however the extent to which this model is applicable to orchids is still unknown. T ...
Journal of Applied Microbiology
... Aims: To identify and characterize nonfimbrial proteins from Aeromonas veronii involved in the attachment to epithelial cells in vitro. Methods and Results: Two Aer. veronii mucin- and lactoferrin-binding proteins with molecular masses of 37 and 48 kDa were identified by Western blot analysis. Accor ...
... Aims: To identify and characterize nonfimbrial proteins from Aeromonas veronii involved in the attachment to epithelial cells in vitro. Methods and Results: Two Aer. veronii mucin- and lactoferrin-binding proteins with molecular masses of 37 and 48 kDa were identified by Western blot analysis. Accor ...
Complementary Signaling Pathways Regulate the Unfolded Protein
... hsp-4 increased with time, and reached a plateau at 4–6 hr (Figures 1A and 1B). At the plateau, hsp-3 was induced about 2-fold, and hsp-4 was induced about 9-fold in mixed stage animals. Furthermore, the basal expression of hsp-3 was about 5-fold higher than hsp-4. Thus, C. elegans has a UPR and Taq ...
... hsp-4 increased with time, and reached a plateau at 4–6 hr (Figures 1A and 1B). At the plateau, hsp-3 was induced about 2-fold, and hsp-4 was induced about 9-fold in mixed stage animals. Furthermore, the basal expression of hsp-3 was about 5-fold higher than hsp-4. Thus, C. elegans has a UPR and Taq ...
CAJANUS CAJAN INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE Research Article
... hepatoprotective study as its decreased level indicates severe non viral liver cell damage15. After CCl4 administration, the total protein level was lowered which was significantly elevated on treatment with C. cajan extract, indicating its protective role against liver ...
... hepatoprotective study as its decreased level indicates severe non viral liver cell damage15. After CCl4 administration, the total protein level was lowered which was significantly elevated on treatment with C. cajan extract, indicating its protective role against liver ...
Evolution of insect abdominal appendages: are
... et al. 1994), and M. sexta (this study), the expression domains of Ubx/abd-A and Dll proteins did not tend to overlap in the two sawfly species examined. These results suggest that the repression of Dll by BX-C proteins is conserved across the Diptera, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera. The antibody that ...
... et al. 1994), and M. sexta (this study), the expression domains of Ubx/abd-A and Dll proteins did not tend to overlap in the two sawfly species examined. These results suggest that the repression of Dll by BX-C proteins is conserved across the Diptera, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera. The antibody that ...
On the monophyly of chromalveolates using a six
... of eukaryotes. One of these, the chromalveolates, represents a large fraction of protist and algal diversity. The chromalveolate hypothesis was originally based on similarities between the photosynthetic organelles (plastids) found in many of its members and has been supported by analyses of plastid ...
... of eukaryotes. One of these, the chromalveolates, represents a large fraction of protist and algal diversity. The chromalveolate hypothesis was originally based on similarities between the photosynthetic organelles (plastids) found in many of its members and has been supported by analyses of plastid ...
A Novel Two Domain-Fusion Protein in Cyanobacteria with
... by phenol/chloroform extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. One ll of the RNA sample (between 0.5 and 2 lg RNA) was used as a template in a 50 ll PCR reaction employing specific primers targeted against the coxA (CYB_2698) gene (2 min at 94C, 30 cycles of 1 min at 55, 72, and 94C; 5 min at ...
... by phenol/chloroform extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. One ll of the RNA sample (between 0.5 and 2 lg RNA) was used as a template in a 50 ll PCR reaction employing specific primers targeted against the coxA (CYB_2698) gene (2 min at 94C, 30 cycles of 1 min at 55, 72, and 94C; 5 min at ...
Table II presents the enzyme activity as well as the... bers of an ordered tetrad. The strains were grown...
... and the analog sensitivity of the individual components against 3AT or para-fluorophenylalanine (pFPA) was complemented (test B). The control heterokaryons no 1, 2, 4 and 5 (Table 1) demonstrated that under each condition, the mutant alleles were recessive to their respective wild-type alleles. Grow ...
... and the analog sensitivity of the individual components against 3AT or para-fluorophenylalanine (pFPA) was complemented (test B). The control heterokaryons no 1, 2, 4 and 5 (Table 1) demonstrated that under each condition, the mutant alleles were recessive to their respective wild-type alleles. Grow ...
Genome-wide Screen for Inner Nuclear Membrane
... nuclear pore complexes (NPC), the nucleus contains other subnuclear structures including the nucleolus, cajal bodies, speckles, gems, and the nuclear matrix (Review: LAMOND and SLEEMAN 2003). Because membranes do not separate the various subnuclear compartments from one another, their structure, bio ...
... nuclear pore complexes (NPC), the nucleus contains other subnuclear structures including the nucleolus, cajal bodies, speckles, gems, and the nuclear matrix (Review: LAMOND and SLEEMAN 2003). Because membranes do not separate the various subnuclear compartments from one another, their structure, bio ...
Screening from a subtracted embryonic chick hindbrain cDNA library
... rhombomeres (Xu et al., 1995, 1999). Anterior rhombomeres are also in¯uenced by signals from the isthmic constriction which is found between the midbrain and r1. Fibroblast Growth Factor (Fgf )-8 is expressed in the isthmus (Crossley and Martin, 1995) and ectopic application of FGF8 protein in ovo m ...
... rhombomeres (Xu et al., 1995, 1999). Anterior rhombomeres are also in¯uenced by signals from the isthmic constriction which is found between the midbrain and r1. Fibroblast Growth Factor (Fgf )-8 is expressed in the isthmus (Crossley and Martin, 1995) and ectopic application of FGF8 protein in ovo m ...
Evolution by gene duplication: an update
... 1970, Evolution by Gene Duplication [5], further popularized this idea among biologists. It was, however, not until the late 1990s, when many genome sequences were determined and analyzed, that the prevalence and importance of gene duplication was clearly demonstrated. Through genomic sequence analy ...
... 1970, Evolution by Gene Duplication [5], further popularized this idea among biologists. It was, however, not until the late 1990s, when many genome sequences were determined and analyzed, that the prevalence and importance of gene duplication was clearly demonstrated. Through genomic sequence analy ...
extensions
... version of a gene in wild populations (ie, the “normal” version of a gene) – Wild-type proteins function normally – They promote the reproductive success of the organism • In large populations, there may be more than one common allele that can be considered wild-type – this is known as genetic polym ...
... version of a gene in wild populations (ie, the “normal” version of a gene) – Wild-type proteins function normally – They promote the reproductive success of the organism • In large populations, there may be more than one common allele that can be considered wild-type – this is known as genetic polym ...
extensions
... • Traits that occur in only one of the two sexes – Responsible for sexual dimorphism – May be autosomal or sex-linked • Example: Human sexual dimorphism – Ovaries in females, testes in males • Example: Bird plumage and features – Roosters have more ornate plumage than hens, and larger comb an ...
... • Traits that occur in only one of the two sexes – Responsible for sexual dimorphism – May be autosomal or sex-linked • Example: Human sexual dimorphism – Ovaries in females, testes in males • Example: Bird plumage and features – Roosters have more ornate plumage than hens, and larger comb an ...
Chemistry in living systems
... Rideout and coworkers recognized the potential use of ketones and aldehydes for chemoselective drug assembly in the presence of living cells53, 54, 55. They reported that decanal and octyl aminoguanidine—both independently harmless to cells—react selectively to form a hydrazone-linked detergent cap ...
... Rideout and coworkers recognized the potential use of ketones and aldehydes for chemoselective drug assembly in the presence of living cells53, 54, 55. They reported that decanal and octyl aminoguanidine—both independently harmless to cells—react selectively to form a hydrazone-linked detergent cap ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.