Storage globulins pass through the Golgi apparatus and
... supported by differential mutational analysis of the function of post-Golgi SNAREs and coat proteins (Sanmartin et al., 2007; Ebine et al., 2008; Zouhar and Rojo, 2009; Feraru et al., 2010), the mechanism underlying the sorting of globulins into DVs remains obscure, as is the function of the two vac ...
... supported by differential mutational analysis of the function of post-Golgi SNAREs and coat proteins (Sanmartin et al., 2007; Ebine et al., 2008; Zouhar and Rojo, 2009; Feraru et al., 2010), the mechanism underlying the sorting of globulins into DVs remains obscure, as is the function of the two vac ...
Characterization of Lipid Rafts from Medicago
... domains in plant cells is still poorly documented (for review, see Bhat and Panstruga, 2005). To our knowledge, our laboratory was the first to analyze the lipid and the protein content of detergent-insoluble membranes (DIMs) in plants (Mongrand et al., 2004). These DIMs were shown to have certain p ...
... domains in plant cells is still poorly documented (for review, see Bhat and Panstruga, 2005). To our knowledge, our laboratory was the first to analyze the lipid and the protein content of detergent-insoluble membranes (DIMs) in plants (Mongrand et al., 2004). These DIMs were shown to have certain p ...
Leukaemia Section t(2;3)(p21;q26) THADA/MECOM Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
... zinc finger motifs, respectively, a repression domain between the two sets of zinc fingers, and an acidic domain at its C-term. ...
... zinc finger motifs, respectively, a repression domain between the two sets of zinc fingers, and an acidic domain at its C-term. ...
You`re one in a googol: optimizing genes for protein expression
... catalyse the reactions in a novel metabolic pathway or be the signal transducers or the new biomaterials. There is an implicit assumption that, because we know the genetic code, it will be straightforward to choose a DNA sequence to encode any protein. But we need to think about more than the sequen ...
... catalyse the reactions in a novel metabolic pathway or be the signal transducers or the new biomaterials. There is an implicit assumption that, because we know the genetic code, it will be straightforward to choose a DNA sequence to encode any protein. But we need to think about more than the sequen ...
Chapter 1 - Utrecht University Repository
... MPR) are transported from early endosomes to late endosomes. In the lumen of the more acidic late endosome (pH=5.0-5.5), lysosomal enzymes dissociate from the CI-MPR. The receptor is recycled to the trans Golgi network (TGN) and the ligand is transported to lysosomes. Although the name early endosom ...
... MPR) are transported from early endosomes to late endosomes. In the lumen of the more acidic late endosome (pH=5.0-5.5), lysosomal enzymes dissociate from the CI-MPR. The receptor is recycled to the trans Golgi network (TGN) and the ligand is transported to lysosomes. Although the name early endosom ...
Point mutations in BCL6 DNA-binding domain reveal distinct
... residues (SDKP). This discrepancy maybe explains why ZFs 1 and 2 are not in the most favorable conformation to interact with DNA. Nevertheless, a report indicates a 96% evolutionary conservation between human, mouse, frog, and chicken BCL6 [1] within the entire ZF domain, including ZFs 1 and 2. This ...
... residues (SDKP). This discrepancy maybe explains why ZFs 1 and 2 are not in the most favorable conformation to interact with DNA. Nevertheless, a report indicates a 96% evolutionary conservation between human, mouse, frog, and chicken BCL6 [1] within the entire ZF domain, including ZFs 1 and 2. This ...
Cyanidioschyzon merolae Genome. A Tool for
... and dividing cells (l–o) containing single membrane-bound organelles (ER, a Golgi apparatus [G], lysosomes [LY], and a microbody [MI]) and double membrane-bound organelles (a nucleus [N], a mitochondrion [M], and a plastid [P]). The nucleus has a nucleolus (NLO), while the mitochondrion and plastids ...
... and dividing cells (l–o) containing single membrane-bound organelles (ER, a Golgi apparatus [G], lysosomes [LY], and a microbody [MI]) and double membrane-bound organelles (a nucleus [N], a mitochondrion [M], and a plastid [P]). The nucleus has a nucleolus (NLO), while the mitochondrion and plastids ...
Disruption of an N-acetyltransferase gene in the
... in C1 and C8 appeared specific to Dazao, as mln shared the same genotype at these sites with another wild-type strain, Jingsong. We also detected an insertion in C7 of mln but not Dazao, but this mutation was found not to be mln specific after more wild-type and ...
... in C1 and C8 appeared specific to Dazao, as mln shared the same genotype at these sites with another wild-type strain, Jingsong. We also detected an insertion in C7 of mln but not Dazao, but this mutation was found not to be mln specific after more wild-type and ...
Protein 4.2 interaction with hereditary spherocytosis mutants of the
... decreased plasma-membrane localization compared with wildtype protein 4.2, and co-expression with AE1 enhanced its plasmamembrane localization. Subcellular fractionation showed the majority of wild-type and G2A/C173A protein 4.2 was associated with the cytoskeleton of HEK-293 cells. The present stud ...
... decreased plasma-membrane localization compared with wildtype protein 4.2, and co-expression with AE1 enhanced its plasmamembrane localization. Subcellular fractionation showed the majority of wild-type and G2A/C173A protein 4.2 was associated with the cytoskeleton of HEK-293 cells. The present stud ...
No Slide Title
... pathways in MetaCyc for which there is at least one enzyme identified in the target organism are considered for possible inclusion. Algorithm errs on side of inclusivity – easier to manually delete a pathway from an organism than to find a pathway that should have been predicted but wasn’t. ...
... pathways in MetaCyc for which there is at least one enzyme identified in the target organism are considered for possible inclusion. Algorithm errs on side of inclusivity – easier to manually delete a pathway from an organism than to find a pathway that should have been predicted but wasn’t. ...
Determinants of Drosophila zw10 protein localization and function
... action, because we did not know the fate of zw10 protein in mitotically arrested cells. In this paper, we describe more detailed analyses, both of the mutant phenotype and of the cell cycle-dependent intracellular distribution of the zw10 protein, which provide clues to the role played by zw10 in mi ...
... action, because we did not know the fate of zw10 protein in mitotically arrested cells. In this paper, we describe more detailed analyses, both of the mutant phenotype and of the cell cycle-dependent intracellular distribution of the zw10 protein, which provide clues to the role played by zw10 in mi ...
Assay of Enzymes with Insoluble or Unknown - Beilstein
... metabolic pathways, is that the direction of reaction is not considered in allocating a subclass or sub-subclass. Enzymes that catalyse the same reaction in opposite directions will have the same EC class, unless it can be demonstrated that they have different substrate specificity. For example in a ...
... metabolic pathways, is that the direction of reaction is not considered in allocating a subclass or sub-subclass. Enzymes that catalyse the same reaction in opposite directions will have the same EC class, unless it can be demonstrated that they have different substrate specificity. For example in a ...
Changes in Typical Organelles in Developing Cotyledons of Soybean
... were also recognized (Figs. 3C, 30) . These organelles were distinctly stained by PAS, CBB and osmium and could also be distinguished from other structures by their spherical shape . Their number and size increased around 30 OAF. Until they are better understood, we are calling these organelles prot ...
... were also recognized (Figs. 3C, 30) . These organelles were distinctly stained by PAS, CBB and osmium and could also be distinguished from other structures by their spherical shape . Their number and size increased around 30 OAF. Until they are better understood, we are calling these organelles prot ...
Supplementary Text - Austin Publishing Group
... formed by mutant HTT. The genes were classified as “suppressor” or “enhancer” depending on their ability to suppress or enhance the process of aggregate formation. Expression of mutant HTT in Fly with knocked down specific gene, when increases mutant HTT aggregates, the specific gene is considered t ...
... formed by mutant HTT. The genes were classified as “suppressor” or “enhancer” depending on their ability to suppress or enhance the process of aggregate formation. Expression of mutant HTT in Fly with knocked down specific gene, when increases mutant HTT aggregates, the specific gene is considered t ...
Domain structure of a human general
... Recently, cDNAs encoding TFUD (13,14), DB (15), IIE (16,17,18) and HF (19,20,21) have been successfully cloned and the primary structure of each factor reported. However, detailed analysis of structure and function of each factor is essential in ...
... Recently, cDNAs encoding TFUD (13,14), DB (15), IIE (16,17,18) and HF (19,20,21) have been successfully cloned and the primary structure of each factor reported. However, detailed analysis of structure and function of each factor is essential in ...
The Role of the 3` UTR in Regulated Post
... The two multisubunit proteins, cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) and cleavage stimulation factor (CstF), interact with the polyadenylation signal and DSE respectively. These two proteins interact with each other and stablise the binding of these complexes to the RNA with the aid ...
... The two multisubunit proteins, cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) and cleavage stimulation factor (CstF), interact with the polyadenylation signal and DSE respectively. These two proteins interact with each other and stablise the binding of these complexes to the RNA with the aid ...
bioactive peptides as signal molecules in plant defense, growth, and
... rigid cell walls between adjacent cells as compared to large peptide hormones [2]. Research in recent years, however, has indicated that peptides may be widely used as chemical signals in plants as well. In the present work, I intend to summarize the evidence in support of this hypothesis. Endogenou ...
... rigid cell walls between adjacent cells as compared to large peptide hormones [2]. Research in recent years, however, has indicated that peptides may be widely used as chemical signals in plants as well. In the present work, I intend to summarize the evidence in support of this hypothesis. Endogenou ...
The Serum Proteins of the Rat During Development
... An asymmetry was found in the trailing region of the gamma-globulin fraction during all stages of development, including the adult. An asymmetry very similar in appearance and position was also found by Gurvich & Karsaevskaya (1956), but only in sera from perinatal animals. These workers have design ...
... An asymmetry was found in the trailing region of the gamma-globulin fraction during all stages of development, including the adult. An asymmetry very similar in appearance and position was also found by Gurvich & Karsaevskaya (1956), but only in sera from perinatal animals. These workers have design ...
The Plant Journal
... with the cell plate. ADL2 was localized to the plastids (Kang et al., 1998). ADL6 was shown to associate with the Golgi apparatus (Jin et al., 2001). The cellular compartment to which ADL3 associates is currently unknown. Apart from difference in subcellular localization, the cellular functions of d ...
... with the cell plate. ADL2 was localized to the plastids (Kang et al., 1998). ADL6 was shown to associate with the Golgi apparatus (Jin et al., 2001). The cellular compartment to which ADL3 associates is currently unknown. Apart from difference in subcellular localization, the cellular functions of d ...
Detergent-resistant plasma membrane proteome to elucidate
... Takahashi et al., 2012). Comparisons of DRM proteomes from these plant species indicated that DRM protein functions are very similar among plant species: DRM fractions contain many transporters, proteins associated with membrane vesicle trafficking processes and cytoskeleton such as H+ -ATPases, aqua ...
... Takahashi et al., 2012). Comparisons of DRM proteomes from these plant species indicated that DRM protein functions are very similar among plant species: DRM fractions contain many transporters, proteins associated with membrane vesicle trafficking processes and cytoskeleton such as H+ -ATPases, aqua ...
SEC62 Encodes a Putative Membrane Protein Required for Protein
... hydrophilic domains on the cytoplasmic surface of the ER membrane. The last 30 amino acids of the COOH terminus may form an a-helix with 14 lysine and arginine residues arranged uniformly about the helix. This domain may allow Sec62p to interact with other proteins of the putative translocation comp ...
... hydrophilic domains on the cytoplasmic surface of the ER membrane. The last 30 amino acids of the COOH terminus may form an a-helix with 14 lysine and arginine residues arranged uniformly about the helix. This domain may allow Sec62p to interact with other proteins of the putative translocation comp ...
Distribution of lens sodium-potassium-adenosine
... (less than 40 kDa) immunoreactive polypeptide was observed, perhaps representing Na-K-ATPase breakdown products. There was no evidence of such lowmolecular-weight Na-K-ATPase breakdown products in membrane material isolated in the normal manner. The lack of Na-K-ATPase breakdown fragments in fiber m ...
... (less than 40 kDa) immunoreactive polypeptide was observed, perhaps representing Na-K-ATPase breakdown products. There was no evidence of such lowmolecular-weight Na-K-ATPase breakdown products in membrane material isolated in the normal manner. The lack of Na-K-ATPase breakdown fragments in fiber m ...
Functional diversification of centrins and cell morphological
... PtCenBP1p has previously been characterised as an essential component of the ICL forming the backbone of the network (Gogendeau et al., 2007). The new PtCenBP3 subfamily identified by the proteomic analysis comprises two proteins, PtCenBP2p and PtCenBP3p, which are paralogues of the most recent whol ...
... PtCenBP1p has previously been characterised as an essential component of the ICL forming the backbone of the network (Gogendeau et al., 2007). The new PtCenBP3 subfamily identified by the proteomic analysis comprises two proteins, PtCenBP2p and PtCenBP3p, which are paralogues of the most recent whol ...
Carbohydrates
... Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are nutrients that are essential to all living things. Most foods contain mixtures of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. These food molecules taken into cells react to provide the chemical building blocks needed to synthesize other molecules used for processes t ...
... Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are nutrients that are essential to all living things. Most foods contain mixtures of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. These food molecules taken into cells react to provide the chemical building blocks needed to synthesize other molecules used for processes t ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.