mRNA Transport in Yeast: Time to Reinvestigate the
... groups of recessive mutants defective in mRNA transport (mtr; Kadowaki et al., 1994a) and seven possibly different complementation groups affecting ribonucleic acid trafficking (rat; Amberg et al., 1992). Although the extent of overlap between mtr and rat mutants is not known, the observation that m ...
... groups of recessive mutants defective in mRNA transport (mtr; Kadowaki et al., 1994a) and seven possibly different complementation groups affecting ribonucleic acid trafficking (rat; Amberg et al., 1992). Although the extent of overlap between mtr and rat mutants is not known, the observation that m ...
Resistance Gene-Dependent Activation of a Calcium
... are crucial for activation of early defense responses (Yang et al., 1997; Scheel, 1998). Recent reports have noted the activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases after race-specific and nonspecific elicitation (Ligterink et al., 1997; Zhang and Klessig, 1998; Zhang et al., 1998; Romeis et ...
... are crucial for activation of early defense responses (Yang et al., 1997; Scheel, 1998). Recent reports have noted the activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases after race-specific and nonspecific elicitation (Ligterink et al., 1997; Zhang and Klessig, 1998; Zhang et al., 1998; Romeis et ...
Lessons from a gene regulatory network: echinoderm
... The skeletogenic GRN in sea urchins In the sea urchin (as in most metazoan embryos), maternal polarity entrains early patterning (Brandhorst and Klein, 2002; Angerer and Angerer, 2003). Zygotic transcription begins very soon after the egg is fertilized and reaches a maximal rate during early cleavag ...
... The skeletogenic GRN in sea urchins In the sea urchin (as in most metazoan embryos), maternal polarity entrains early patterning (Brandhorst and Klein, 2002; Angerer and Angerer, 2003). Zygotic transcription begins very soon after the egg is fertilized and reaches a maximal rate during early cleavag ...
View PDF - Genetics
... The genetic screen used was based on the ability to monitor termination efficiency through the expression of ADE2 gene which encodes the P-ribosyl-amino-imidazole-carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.21), responsible for the degradation of the red pigment amino imidazole ribotide. The screen was performed in a FS1 ...
... The genetic screen used was based on the ability to monitor termination efficiency through the expression of ADE2 gene which encodes the P-ribosyl-amino-imidazole-carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.21), responsible for the degradation of the red pigment amino imidazole ribotide. The screen was performed in a FS1 ...
"Dual-coding Regions in Alternatively Spliced Human Genes". In
... information processing. Precise characterization of several well-studied dual-coding genes can improve gene prediction and annotation, unveiling more secondary reading frames when appropriate. Second, genes that contain a dual-coding region generate patches of distinct amino acid sequences in relate ...
... information processing. Precise characterization of several well-studied dual-coding genes can improve gene prediction and annotation, unveiling more secondary reading frames when appropriate. Second, genes that contain a dual-coding region generate patches of distinct amino acid sequences in relate ...
Bridging structural biology and genomics: assessing protein
... and genetic protein-interaction studies. The 3D structures of RNA polymerase II, the proteasome and the Arp2/3 complex, which have 10, 14 and 7 subunits, respectively, were examined to identify stable protein–protein interaction interfaces, defined as more than 800 Å2 of contacting surface area. Thi ...
... and genetic protein-interaction studies. The 3D structures of RNA polymerase II, the proteasome and the Arp2/3 complex, which have 10, 14 and 7 subunits, respectively, were examined to identify stable protein–protein interaction interfaces, defined as more than 800 Å2 of contacting surface area. Thi ...
Import of ADP/ATP Carrier into Mitochondria: Two Receptors Act in
... biochemical and molecular approach we made the following observations.. (a) The yeast protein MOM72 was identified as import receptor that appears to fulfill the same functions as N. crassa MOM72. We discuss evidence that suggests that ISP 42 acts at a later stage of the import pathway, probably at ...
... biochemical and molecular approach we made the following observations.. (a) The yeast protein MOM72 was identified as import receptor that appears to fulfill the same functions as N. crassa MOM72. We discuss evidence that suggests that ISP 42 acts at a later stage of the import pathway, probably at ...
Making inroads into plant receptor kinase signalling pathways
... Predicted molecular mass is based on the deduced amino acid sequence. The range of molecular masses indicated for SCR refers to the many allelic forms of this protein. Observed molecular masses might correspond to dimers or complexes of ligands. ...
... Predicted molecular mass is based on the deduced amino acid sequence. The range of molecular masses indicated for SCR refers to the many allelic forms of this protein. Observed molecular masses might correspond to dimers or complexes of ligands. ...
PART II Introducció 53
... segon reordenament més comú que afecta el cromosoma 15 i dóna lloc a un cromosoma 15 extranumerari (Blennow et al., 1995; Huang et al., 1997). S’han identificat duplicacions proximals de 15q en casos d’autisme i individus amb graus variables de retard mental (Cook et al., 1997). A la regió més prox ...
... segon reordenament més comú que afecta el cromosoma 15 i dóna lloc a un cromosoma 15 extranumerari (Blennow et al., 1995; Huang et al., 1997). S’han identificat duplicacions proximals de 15q en casos d’autisme i individus amb graus variables de retard mental (Cook et al., 1997). A la regió més prox ...
Structure and function of basement membranes
... ratories have reported on synthetic peptides mimicking one or another laminin activity. However, the physiological importance of the sites in laminin that these peptides represent and the utility of the peptides is not clear. Basement membranes are thought to have a very slow turnover. However, this ...
... ratories have reported on synthetic peptides mimicking one or another laminin activity. However, the physiological importance of the sites in laminin that these peptides represent and the utility of the peptides is not clear. Basement membranes are thought to have a very slow turnover. However, this ...
Recombineering Hunchback identifies two conserved domains
... al., 2001; Walsh and Reid, 1995). However, as progenitors change over time to accommodate the production of different tissues, they also undergo a progressive restriction and lose their competence to produce the full assortment of cell types (Desai and McConnell, 2000; Rapaport et al., 2001). The ab ...
... al., 2001; Walsh and Reid, 1995). However, as progenitors change over time to accommodate the production of different tissues, they also undergo a progressive restriction and lose their competence to produce the full assortment of cell types (Desai and McConnell, 2000; Rapaport et al., 2001). The ab ...
Hepatitis C Virus: Genome Organization, Viral Proteins and
... (46, 51, 52) at the N-terminal of the E2 protein. One of these regions, HVR1, is located directly downstream of the putative cleavage site between E1 and E2/p7 (between residues 380 and 385) and covers the 30 N-terminal residues (384-414) of the E2/p7 protein (53, 54). HVR1 seems to lack a conserved ...
... (46, 51, 52) at the N-terminal of the E2 protein. One of these regions, HVR1, is located directly downstream of the putative cleavage site between E1 and E2/p7 (between residues 380 and 385) and covers the 30 N-terminal residues (384-414) of the E2/p7 protein (53, 54). HVR1 seems to lack a conserved ...
Full Text
... component (20S) and other additional components, such as ubiquitin (Li and Etlinger, 1992: Richter-Ruoff ef al., 1992). Therefore, the 26S proteasome is possibly involved in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation pathway (Seutert and Jentsch, 1992: Hilt el al.. 1993). Interestingly, two ot the proso ...
... component (20S) and other additional components, such as ubiquitin (Li and Etlinger, 1992: Richter-Ruoff ef al., 1992). Therefore, the 26S proteasome is possibly involved in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation pathway (Seutert and Jentsch, 1992: Hilt el al.. 1993). Interestingly, two ot the proso ...
Regulated gene expression in Staphylococcus
... Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis). The development of analogous systems for use in bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus would significantly enhance our ability to examine the contribution of any given gene product to pathogen growth and viability. In this report, we adapt, examine an ...
... Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis). The development of analogous systems for use in bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus would significantly enhance our ability to examine the contribution of any given gene product to pathogen growth and viability. In this report, we adapt, examine an ...
pdf
... the gene for the protein is cloned in an expression vector, so that the host (bacteria in this case) makes a large amount of the protein - often a substantial fraction of the total bacterial protein. (2) Assays for repressor [1] Binding of radiolabeled IPTG (gratuitous inducer) to repressor [2] Bind ...
... the gene for the protein is cloned in an expression vector, so that the host (bacteria in this case) makes a large amount of the protein - often a substantial fraction of the total bacterial protein. (2) Assays for repressor [1] Binding of radiolabeled IPTG (gratuitous inducer) to repressor [2] Bind ...
Molecular basis of differential gene expression in the mouse
... in unfertilized eggs is lost between fertilization and the late 2-cell stage, although there is little, if any, difference in total RNA content (Piko and Clegg, 1982; Hamatani et al., 2004). This indicates that much of the oocyte mRNA was for the purposes of oogenesis and the early stages of post-fe ...
... in unfertilized eggs is lost between fertilization and the late 2-cell stage, although there is little, if any, difference in total RNA content (Piko and Clegg, 1982; Hamatani et al., 2004). This indicates that much of the oocyte mRNA was for the purposes of oogenesis and the early stages of post-fe ...
Gene Section HMGA2 (high mobility group AT-hook 2) in Oncology and Haematology
... In a majority of cases, there is no fusion gene: the breakpoint is located 10 kb up to 100 kb 5' to HMGIC; the recombinational repair gene RAD51B is a candidate to be the partner gene of HMGIC in t(12;14). In two cases (out of 81 primary tumors) exon 7 of RAD51B was fused in frame to either exon 2 o ...
... In a majority of cases, there is no fusion gene: the breakpoint is located 10 kb up to 100 kb 5' to HMGIC; the recombinational repair gene RAD51B is a candidate to be the partner gene of HMGIC in t(12;14). In two cases (out of 81 primary tumors) exon 7 of RAD51B was fused in frame to either exon 2 o ...
Std1 and Mth1 Proteins Interact with the Glucose Sensors To Control
... domains of the glucose sensors, Snf3 and Rgt2. The homologue of Std1, Mth1, behaves differently from Std1 in this assay by interacting with Snf3 but not Rgt2. Genetic interactions between STD1, MTH1, SNF3, and RGT2 suggest that the glucose signaling is mediated, at least in part, through interaction ...
... domains of the glucose sensors, Snf3 and Rgt2. The homologue of Std1, Mth1, behaves differently from Std1 in this assay by interacting with Snf3 but not Rgt2. Genetic interactions between STD1, MTH1, SNF3, and RGT2 suggest that the glucose signaling is mediated, at least in part, through interaction ...
3 - Dr. Jerry Cronin
... • Na+ and K+ channels allow slow leakage down concentration gradients • Na+-K+ pump works as antiporter – Pumps against Na+ and K+ gradients to maintain high intracellular K+ concentration and high extracellular Na+ concentration • Maintains electrochemical gradients essential for functions of muscl ...
... • Na+ and K+ channels allow slow leakage down concentration gradients • Na+-K+ pump works as antiporter – Pumps against Na+ and K+ gradients to maintain high intracellular K+ concentration and high extracellular Na+ concentration • Maintains electrochemical gradients essential for functions of muscl ...
Full-Text PDF
... have been demonstrated to be involved in vacuolar sorting: a barley lectin [10], a β-1,3-glucanase and an osmotin from tobacco [11–13], 2S albumin storage proteins from Brazil nut [14], pea [15] and bean phaseolin [16]. Contrary to ssVSDs (sequence-specific Vacuolar Sorting Determinants, as identifi ...
... have been demonstrated to be involved in vacuolar sorting: a barley lectin [10], a β-1,3-glucanase and an osmotin from tobacco [11–13], 2S albumin storage proteins from Brazil nut [14], pea [15] and bean phaseolin [16]. Contrary to ssVSDs (sequence-specific Vacuolar Sorting Determinants, as identifi ...
Fan et al.P65
... MeCP2 has been purified in a number of repressor complexes including ATPase-dependent SWI/SNF chromatinremodeling complex [41]. Most recently, it has been reported that Brahma (Brm), a catalytic component of SWI/ SNF complex, is associated with MeCP2 in vivo [42]. SWI/SNF is an ATPase-dependent remo ...
... MeCP2 has been purified in a number of repressor complexes including ATPase-dependent SWI/SNF chromatinremodeling complex [41]. Most recently, it has been reported that Brahma (Brm), a catalytic component of SWI/ SNF complex, is associated with MeCP2 in vivo [42]. SWI/SNF is an ATPase-dependent remo ...
Phosphorylation of Single Stranded RNA Virus Proteins and
... Many post translationally phosphorylated proteins are modified on multiple sites which contributes to differential regulation of protein function. For example, the Heat Shock Factor (HSF) protein can be phosphorylated on a total of five possible sites. Phosphorylation of Ser230, Ser303, Ser307 and S ...
... Many post translationally phosphorylated proteins are modified on multiple sites which contributes to differential regulation of protein function. For example, the Heat Shock Factor (HSF) protein can be phosphorylated on a total of five possible sites. Phosphorylation of Ser230, Ser303, Ser307 and S ...
results
... Under non-inducing conditions, the balance between basal SA and ABA maintains basal levels of NPR1 protein and PR gene transcription. This is important because both constitutive defense responses (caused by increased SA or decreased ABA) and compromised immunity (caused by decreased SA or increased ...
... Under non-inducing conditions, the balance between basal SA and ABA maintains basal levels of NPR1 protein and PR gene transcription. This is important because both constitutive defense responses (caused by increased SA or decreased ABA) and compromised immunity (caused by decreased SA or increased ...
Possible consequences of the overlap between the CaMV 35S
... similarities were shown to known allergens using the different algorithms. The AlgPred SMV algorithms indicated that the ORF-encoding portion of the P6 yields a possible allergen. AlgPred is based on dipeptide composition and calculates the frequency of all possible dipeptide combinations. This app ...
... similarities were shown to known allergens using the different algorithms. The AlgPred SMV algorithms indicated that the ORF-encoding portion of the P6 yields a possible allergen. AlgPred is based on dipeptide composition and calculates the frequency of all possible dipeptide combinations. This app ...
Identification of the Protein Storage Vacuole
... of vacuoles occur not only in a single plant species but also in a single cell. The biological roles of the lytic vacuole present in most cells and PSVs in seed cells are rather clear (Herman and Larkins, 1999; Marty, 1999). The lytic vacuole is important for maintenance of turgor pressure, storage ...
... of vacuoles occur not only in a single plant species but also in a single cell. The biological roles of the lytic vacuole present in most cells and PSVs in seed cells are rather clear (Herman and Larkins, 1999; Marty, 1999). The lytic vacuole is important for maintenance of turgor pressure, storage ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.